PHENOLIC CONTENTS, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF FLOWER, LEAF AND STEM EXTRACTS OF FERULAGO ANGULATA (SCHLECHT) BOISS

Objective: Ferulago angulata known as Chavir is an Iranian endemic plant that has been used as the food preservative and natural flavor since long times. In the present study, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanol extracts from flower, leaf and stem of F. angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss from Lorestan Province of Iran were evaluated. Total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were also determined. Methods: Antibacterial activity was studied by disc diffusion method. Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to determine the antioxidant property. The total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were measured by Folin Ciocalteu, AlCl3 and pH differential methods, respectively. Results: None of the sample extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against tested pathogens. All extracts had inhibitory activity on DPPH radicals with concentration-dependent manner. IC50 values ranged from 214±8.2 to 1606±94.4 µg/ml. The total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were in the range of 59±0.017 to 483.5±0.098 mg of Gallic acid equivalents per g of dried extract, 0.5±0.004 to 539±0.29 mg of Quercetin equivalents per g of dried extract and 0.43±0.02 to 4.2±0.82 mg Cyanidin-3-glucoside, respectively. Conclusion: The Flower aqueous extract exhibited the maximum phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity but, the stem methanol extract was the weakest one

Phytosynthesis, characterization, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of copper nanoparticles

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized by reducing a copper sulfate solution using the aqueous extract of Ferula macrocolea flowers. The optimum conditions were 0.01 M CuSo4.5H2O volume ratio 1.5, pH 12, temperature 80°C and incubation time 2 h. The ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra confirmed the formation of CuNPs with a characteristic peak at 576 nm. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis of synthesized CuNPs revealed spherical-shaped nanoparticles with an average size of 22.3 nm ranged between 11 and 33 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray and X-ray fluorescence spectra showed the peak in the copper region. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the capping of the CuNPs by compounds contained in F. macrocolea flowers extract. The synthesized CuNPs demonstrated activity against Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. Cytotoxicity assay indicated no decrease in viability of normal human lymphocytes up to a concentration of 25 µg/mL CuNPs

Propuesta de integración TIC en la metodología de trabajo por proyectos

[spa]Con el presente trabajo, pretendemos combinar dos líneas temáticas: la metodología de trabajo por proyectos y las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). Por tal de comprender cada uno de los temas, se analizarán y se expondrán sus bases teóricas. Con la intención de crear, a partir de un contexto real, una propuesta didáctica donde uniremos ambas temáticas, es decir, realizaremos actividades para introducir las TIC en las aulas de educación infantil, con las bases de un proyecto de trabajo. Y partiendo, de este contexto real, se contará con la oportunidad de poner en práctica la propuesta planteada, y poder comprobar los resultados obtenidos.[eng]With the present work, we combine two themes: the methodology of projects and information and communications technology (ICT). For try to understand each of the two issues, we going to analyze and present their theoretical bases. With the intention of creating, from a real context, a didactic proposal which unite both issues, in order to, create activities to introduce ICT in kindergarten classrooms, from a work project. And so, with this real context, we have the opportunity to implement the proposal, and we can check the experience

Fault estimation for nonlinear uncertain time‐delay systems based on unknown input observer

Abstract In this paper, a novel nonlinear unknown input observer is proposed in order to fault estimation for nonlinear uncertain systems with time delays. By the estimation of the faults, the features are detected such as shape, size occurrence time etc. The time delay is considered a constant and known parameter in the states. The disturbances are investigated in the states and outputs and also, and sensor and actuator faults are considered. The stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed by Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory and some feasible Linear matrix inequalities (LMI). The proposed method is simulated on a continuous‐stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with uncertainties and time delay. Simulation results show the appropriate efficiency of the proposed method