Association between cancer and serum adiponectin level: The review of epidemiologic evidences

زمینه و هدف: آدیپونکتین یکی از آدیپوکین های ترشح شده از بافت چربی است که ویژگی های ضد التهاب، ضد چاقی و ضد دیابت دارد. بررسی های زیادی به ارتباط سطح آدیپونکتین سرم و سرطان های مختلف پرداخته است. هدف مطالعه ی حاضر مروری بر شواهد موجود در مورد ارتباط هورمون آدیپونکتین و سرطان می باشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه ی مروری، مقالات با طراحی مورد شاهدی، مقطعی و آینده نگر و با استفاده از موتور جستجوی PubMed در محدوده زمانی بین سال های 2002 تا 2011، توسط استفاده از کلید واژه هایی همچون cancer، malignancy، cell proliferation و adiponectin جستجو شدند. یافته ها: از مجموع 45 مقاله مورد بررسی، شواهد بیان کننده ی ارتباط معکوس میان سطح هورمون آدیپونکتین و خطر سرطان سینه می باشند. این ارتباط در مطالعات مورد -شاهدی و آینده نگر، هم در زنان قبل از سن یائسگی و هم در زنان بعد از سن یائسگی مشاهده شد. خطر سرطان اندومتر در زنانی که سطح آدیپونکتین پلاسمایی بالا داشتند، نسبت به افرادی که سطح پایینی از آدیپونکتین داشتند، کمتر و خطر سرطان پروستات و هایپرپلازی خوش خیم پروستات در مردان با سطح پایین هورمون بیشتر از سایر افراد باشد. مطالعات حاکی از ارتباط معکوس میان غلظت سرمی هورمون آدیپونکتین، با خطر سرطان سرطان کولورکتال است. هم چنین به نظر می رسد ارتباط معکوس میان غلظت آدیپونکتین پلاسما و سرطان پانکراس در مردان وجود داشته باشد. نتیجه گیری: چنین استنباط می‌شود که به نظر می رسد سطح آدیپونکتین سرم ارتباط معکوس قابل ملاحظه ای با خطر سرطان های مختلف داشته باشد. این هورمون از طریق مکانیسم های مختلف، مستقیم یا غیر مستقیم، رشد و تکثیر سلول های سرطانی را مهار می کن

Role of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: a review of epidemiological and clinical studies

The worldwide increasing prevalence oftype 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses an immense public health hazard leading to a variety of complications such as cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy and neuropathy. Diet, as a key component of a healthy human lifestyle, plays an important role in the prevention and management of T2DM and its complications. The dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with various favourable functions such as anti-inflammatory effects, improving endothelial function, controlling the blood pressure, and reducing hypertriglyceridemia and insulin insensitivity. According to some epidemiological studies, a lower prevalence of T2DM was found in populations consuming large amounts of seafood products, which are rich in n-3 PUFAs. However, the evidence on the relation between fish intake, dietary n-3 PUFAs, and risk of T2DM is controversial. Therefore, this paper aimed to review the epidemiological and clinical studies on the role of dietary n-3 PUFAs in T2DM. Also, the limitations of these studies and the need for potential further research on the subject are discussed

Comparison the effect of low glycemic index diet with healthy nutritional recommendations based diet on obese adolescent girls

زمینه و هدف: هر چند مطالعات بسیاری به ارزیابی تأثیر نمایه گلیسمی بر چربی خون در بزرگسالان پرداخته اند، اما اطلاعات در این زمینه برای کودکان و نوجوانان محدود است. هدف این تحقیق مقایسه اثرات رژیم غذایی با نمایه گلیسمی پایین (LGI) با رژیم غذایی مبتنی بر توصیه های تغذیه سالم (HNR) بر سطح فراسنج های لیپیدی و آپولیپوپروتئین ها در نوجوانان دختر مبتلا به اضافه وزن و چاقی بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی شده پنجاه دختر سالم چاق یا دارای اضافه وزن و با وضعیت بلوغ یکسان بطور تصادفی در یکی از دو گروه رژیم غذایی LGI و رژیم غذایی مبتنی بر HNR قرار گرفتند. افراد هر دو گروه، رژیم غذایی با ترکیب مشابهی از درشت مغذی ها (56-53 کربوهیدرات، 18-16 پروتئین و 30-27 چربی) دریافت و مصرف نمودند. ارزیابی های بیوشیمیایی شامل تری گلیسیرید (TG)، کلسترول تام (TC)، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته پایین (LDL)، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته بالا (HDL)، آپولیپوپروتئین های A (Apo A) و B (Apo B) و لیپوپروتئین (a) (Lpa) یک بار در ابتدا و یک بار در انتهای مطالعه انجام شد. مقایسه مقادیر قبل و بعد در هر گروه با آزمون t زوجی و مقایسه تغییرات مشاهده شده در دو گروه با آزمون t مستقل در نرم افزار SPSS انجام شد. یافته ها: نمایه گلیسمی در گروه رژیم غذایی LGI کمتر از 50 بود (67/1 ± 67/42). میانگین نمایه توده بدنی در گروه LGI برابر 55/0 ± 97/27 متر بر مجذور قد و در گروه HNR برابر 01/1 ± 82/28 متر بر مجذور قد بود. میانگین سن در افراد گروه HNR از افراد گروه LGI به طور معنی داری بالاتر بود (27/0 ± 98/13 در مقابل 21/0 ± 18/13، 031/0=P). مقادیر متغیرهای بیوشیمیایی در ابتدا و انتهای مطالعه در بین دو گروه با یکدیگر تفاوتی نداشت. درصد تغییرات شاخص های چربی خون در بین گروه LGI و HNR نشان دهنده عدم وجود تفاوت معنی دار در تغییرات TG (به ترتیب 20/17± 90/27 و 53/10 ± 15/6؛ 274/0=P)، TC (به ترتیب 49/4 ± 58/5 و 63/3 ± 65/0-، 283/0=P)، HDL (به ترتیب 05/4 ± 20/1 و 07/3 ± 77/1-، 556/0=P)، LDL (به ترتیب 52/4 ± 35/4 و 32/3 ± 24/2-، 225/0=P)، Apo A (به ترتیب 73/5 ± 18/0- و 19/5 ± 37/9-؛ 242/0=P)، Apo B (به ترتیب 22/7±24/10 و 40/7±73/6؛ 738/0=P) و Lpa (به ترتیب 13/40 ±71/57 و 24/47 ± 18/97، 676/0=P) در بین دو گروه بود. نتیجه گیری: رژیم غذایی با نمایه گلیسمی پایین در مقایسه با رژیم غذایی مبتنی بر توصیه های تغذیه سالم تاثیر مفیدی در چربی خون ندارد

White Rice Consumption and CVD Risk Factors among Iranian Population

Association between white rice intake and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases remained uncertain. Most of the previous published studies have been done in western countries with different lifestyles, and scant data are available from the Middle East region, including Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the structure of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP) to assess the association between white rice consumption and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, 3,006 men were included from three counties of Isfahan, Najafabad, and Arak by multistage cluster random-sampling method. Dietary intake was assessed with a 49-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Laboratory assessment was done in a standardized central laboratory. Outcome variables were fasting blood glucose, serum lipid levels, and anthropometric variables. Socioeconomic and demographic data, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) were considered covariates and were adjusted in analysis. In this study, Student's t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. Means of BMI among those subjects who consumed white rice less than 7 times per week and people who consumed 7-14 times per week were almost similar-24.8 +/- 4.3 vs 24.5 +/- 4.7 kg/m(2). There was no significant association between white rice consumption and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, such as fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profiles. Although whole grain consumption has undeniable effect on preventing cardiovascular disease risk, white rice consumption was not associated with cardiovascular risks among Iranian men in the present study. Further prospective studies with a semi-quantitative FFQ or dietary record questionnaire, representing type and portion-size of rice intake as well as cooking methods and other foods consumed with rice that affect glycaemic index (GI) of rice, are required to support our finding and to illustrate the probable mechanism

Seroprevalence and Trend of HBV, HCV, and HIV Infections among Blood Donors of Fars Province, Iran (2006-2018)

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion is a life-saving procedure; millions of lives are saved each year. However, blood transfusions are associated with certain risks that can lead to adverse consequences. This study aimed to survey the prevalence and trend of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among blood donors of Fars province, Iran (2006-2018).METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the records of the blood transfusion organization of Fars province. A total of 1952478 blood units were screened for transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). Then, data were entered into SPSS software (Negare. version 25). Chi-square test was used to compare the sof TTIs among blood donors. Chisquare test for trend was used to analyze the variations in trends of TTIs during this period. Finally, p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. GraphPad Prism software was used for the depiction of the graphs.RESULTS: Among the 1952478 blood donations within the 13-years, 4479(0.229 %) of donors were HBsAg, HCV Ab, and HIV Ag-Ab positive. The seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV was 2684(0.137%), 1703(0.087 %), and 92(0.0047%), respectively.CONCLUSION: The current study showed that the overall prevalence of TTIs among blood donors was low and had a descending trend over the years of study

Patterns of Nutrient Intake in Relation to Gastric Cancer : A Case Control Study

Gastric Cancer (GC) is the most common cancer among Iranian men. We conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between patterns of nutrient intake and the risk of GC in Iran. We enrolled 178 GC patients and 271 controls matched for age and sex. We collected dietary intakes using a validated diet history questionnaire. We performed factor analysis on 28 nutrients using multivariate logistic regression models on tertiles of factor scores and estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We identified three nutrient patterns. The first pattern included pantothenic acid, riboflavin, zinc, animal protein, and calcium. Selenium, thiamin, carbohydrate, vegetable protein, niacin and low intake of vitamin E loaded the second pattern, and the third pattern was abundant in fiber, carotene, vitamin C and A. We found no significant association between GC and any of the dietary patterns. However, in the first patterns, men in the highest tertile had significantly higher odds of GC than the lowest (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.13–4.09, p trend = 0.02). A dietary pattern loaded by animal products may increase the risk of GC among Iranian men. Larger studies are required to approve these findings in overall and in different subgroups. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1931697.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

White Rice Consumption and CVD Risk Factors among Iranian Population

Association between white rice intake and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases remained uncertain. Most of the previous published studies have been done in western countries with different lifestyles, and scant data are available from the Middle East region, including Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the structure of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP) to assess the association between white rice consumption and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, 3,006 men were included from three counties of Isfahan, Najafabad, and Arak by multistage cluster random-sampling method. Dietary intake was assessed with a 49-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Laboratory assessment was done in a standardized central laboratory. Outcome variables were fasting blood glucose, serum lipid levels, and anthropometric variables. Socioeconomic and demographic data, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) were considered covariates and were adjusted in analysis. In this study, Student\u2019s t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. Means of BMI among those subjects who consumed white rice less than 7 times per week and people who consumed 7-14 times per week were almost similar\u201424.8\ub14.3 vs 24.5\ub14.7 kg/m2. There was no significant association between white rice consumption and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, such as fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profiles. Although whole grain consumption has undeniable effect on preventing cardiovascular disease risk, white rice consumption was not associated with cardiovascular risks among Iranian men in the present study. Further prospective studies with a semi-quantitative FFQ or dietary record questionnaire, representing type and portion-size of rice intake as well as cooking methods and other foods consumed with rice that affect glycaemic index (GI) of rice, are required to support our finding and to illustrate the probable mechanism

Dietary linoleic acid intake in relation to breast cancer: A case-control study

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary linoleic acid (LA) intake and breast cancer in women. Methods: In this population-based case-control study, we enrolled 350 pathologically confirmed breast cancer cases and 700 controls which were matched with cases in terms of age and socioeconomic status. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 106-item Willett-format semi-quantitative dish-based food frequency questionnaire (DS-FFQ). Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results: A significant inverse association was found between LA intake and odds of breast cancer (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30-0.56). After adjusting for potential confounders, women in the highest tertile of dietary LA intake were 48% less likely to have breast cancer compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.95). Such a significant inverse association was also seen among normal-weight women (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14-0.63), and premenopausal women (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.02-0.95). Conclusion: The findings of current study provide evidence for a protective role of LA against breast cancer particularly among normal-weight and premenopausal women. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this association

The urgent need for integrated science to fight COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

The COVID-19 pandemic has become the leading societal concern. The pandemic has shown that the public health concern is not only a medical problem, but also afects society as a whole; so, it has also become the leading scientifc concern. We discuss in this treatise the importance of bringing the world’s scientists together to fnd efective solu‑ tions for controlling the pandemic. By applying novel research frameworks, interdisciplinary collaboration promises to manage the pandemic’s consequences and prevent recurrences of similar pandemics