The prevalence of congenital heart disease in newborns at adnan menderes university neonatal ıntensive care unit

Objective: To evaluate retrospectively the relative frequencies, risk factors and diagnostic clues of congenital heart disease in newborns at our neonatal intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: Among 845 cases who were admitted to the ADU Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between December 2000 - August 2006, fiftysix newborns with congenital heart disease were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The prevalence of congenital heart disease was 6.6%. The most frequent (87.5%) reason for cardiology consultation was cardiac murmur. The relative percentage of acyanotic and cyanotic heart defects was 70% vs 30%. The most frequent acyanotic and cyanotic defects were ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot with a prevalence of 19.7% and 10.7%, respectively. Maternal diabetes mellitus, genetic syndrome and congenital rubella syndrome were observed in 14.3%, 8.9%, 1.8% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital heart disease in newborns at the neonatal intensive care unit is higher than that in all live births. The most frequent diagnostic clue is cardiac murmur. In this study, the most frequently observed risk factors were maternal diabetes mellitus and genetic syndrome

Protective Effect of Curcumin on Liver Damage Induced by Biliary Obstruction in Rats

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible protective effects of curcumin against cholestatic oxidative stress and liver damage in common bile duct ligated rats. Material and Methods: A total of 18 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, common bile duct ligation (BDL) and BDL+curcumin. Each group contained 6 animals. The rats in the curcumin treated group were given curcumin (100 mg/kg) once a day orally for 14 days, starting 3 days prior to BDL operation. Following 14 days of treatment, all the animals were decapitated and liver tissue samples were obtained for histopathological investigation. Results: The changes demonstrating the bile duct proliferation and fibrosis in expanded portal tracts, including the extension of proliferated bile ducts into lobules, mononuclear cells, and neutrophil infiltration into the widened portal areas, were observed in BDL group. Treatment of BDL with curcumin attenuated liver damage. Both the elevated alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and the activity of TUNEL in the BDL were observed to be reduced with the curcumin treatment. Conclusion: Our data indicate that curcumin reduced BDL-induced cholestatic liver injury, bile duct proliferation, fibrosis

Clinical features of congenital neck masses in children

Amaç: Doğuştan boyun kitlesi görülen çocuklarda tanısal yaklaşımlar ve tedavi yöntemleri değerlendirildi. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Hastanemizde 1996- 2003 yılları arasında doğuştan boyun kitlesiyle tedavi edilen toplam 36 hasta (20 kız, 16 erkek; ort. yaş 8.6±5.9; dağılım 1 ay-15 yaş) geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Olguların 13'ünde Dermoid kist, yedisinde tiroglossal duktus kisti (TDK), yedisinde brankiyal kist, dördünde tortikollis, dördünde kistik higroma ve birinde lipoblastoma saptandı. Tiroglossal duktus kisti tanısı konan hastaların tümünde kitle boyun cildine fistülizeydi. Brankiyal kistlerin ikisi sağ, diğerleri sol yerleşimliydi. Dermoid kist tanısı konan olgulardan biri lateral yerleşimliydi. Tanı için ultrasonografi, bilgisayarlı tomografi ve tiroid sintigrafisi kullanıldı. Tortikollis tanısı konan üç hastada fizik tedavi, diğer hastalarda ise cerrahi tedavi uygulandı. Olgulardan dördünde ön tanıda yanılma oldu ve bu hastaların tümünün patoloji sonuçları dermoid kist olarak bildirildi. Sonuç: Çocukluk çağında boyun bölgesinde görülen doğuştan kitleler genellikle iyi huyludur. Dermoid kistler klinik özellikleri bakımından TDK ve brankiyal kistlerle karışabilir.Objectives: Diagnostic approaches and treatment methods in children with a congenital neck mass were evaluated. Patients and Methods: A total of 36 patients (20 girls, 16 males; mean age 8.6±5.9; range 1 month to 15 years) treated in our hospital for congenital neck mass between 1996 and 2003, were retrospectively analysed. Results: Thirteen cases were diagnosed as dermoid cyst, 7 as branchial cyst, 7 as thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC), 5 as torticollis, 4 as cystic hygroma and 1 as lipoblastoma. In all 7 of the cases with TDC, the mass presented with a cutaneus fistula. Two of the branchial cysts were localized on the right and the rest on the left side. One of the cases with dermoid cyst exhibited a lateral localization. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and thyroid syntigraphy were used for diagnostic purposes. Three patients with torticollis received physical therapy while the remaining patients were surgically treated. The preliminary diagnosis was incorrect in four cases and their histopathological diagnosis was dermoid cyst. Conclusion: Congenital neck masses in children are usually benign. Due to their similar clinical features, dermoid cysts can be confused with TDC and branchial cysts

The rare cause of respiratory distress in newborn: congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lungs

Yenidogan döneminde solunum sıkıntısı ile karsılasıldıgında, nadir olarak rastlansa da, akcigerlerin konjenital anomalilerinin hatırlanması amacıyla bu olgu sunulmustur. Konjenital kistik adenomatoid malformasyon nadir rastlanan ancak hayatı tehdit eden bir akciger anomalisidir. Yaklasık 25000 dogumda bir görülür. Dogumun ilk saatlerinde baslayan solunum sıkıntısı nedeni ile yenidogan yogun bakım ünitesine sevk edilen olgunun fizik muayenesinde solunum sıkıntısı bulguları ve pektus ekskavatus deformitesi mevcuttu. Akciger grafisinde, sol akcigerde kaba retikülogranüler görünümü, toraks bilgisayarlı tomografisinde (BT) sol akcigerde parankim içerisinde çok sayıda, yaygın, degisik boyutta hava kisti saptandı. BT ve akciger grafi bulguları ile konjenital kistik adenomatoid malformasyon Tip III ile uyumlu olarak degerlendirildi. Olgu yasamının onuncu gününde mekanik ventilatörde izlenmekte iken kaybedildi.The aim of presenting this case is that; the congenital lung abnormalities are rare, but important of differential diagnosis in newborn respiratory distress.The congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is a rare but potentially life-threatening pulmonary anomaly. It is reported 1 in 25000 pregnancies. Respiratory distress, pectus excavatus deformity were detected in the physical examination of the infant who was accepted to our newborn intensive care unit in the first hours of his life. In the chest X-ray there was reticulogranular appearance in left lung and there was multiple, diffuse cysts which were in different size in lung parenchyma in the computerize tomography (CT) examination. The signs on the CT and X-ray were accepted as a congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation type III. The case died at his tenth day of the life during assisted mechanical ventilation

Effect of N-acetycysteine on Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Tıpta Uzmanlık TeziBu çalışmada intestinal iskemi/reperfüzyon hasarının önlenmesinde N-asetilsisteinin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada 48 adet Wistar-Albino cinsi sıçan kullanılmıştır. Her biri 8 adet sıçan içeren gruplar halinde 6 grup oluşturulmuştur. Gruplar sırasıyla; Grup 1 : Kontrol, Grup 2: İskemi, Grup3: İskemi/Reperfuzyon, Grup 4: İskemi+N-asetilsistein, Grup 5: Îskemi/Reperfuzyon+N- asetilsistein ve Grup 6: Reperfuzyon+N-asetilsistein şeklinde düzenlenmiştir. Deneklere dahil oldukları gruplara göre intestinal 45 dakika süreyle iskemi ve bir saat süreyle reperfüzyon uygulanmıştır. Grup 4 ve Grup 5 'deki deneklere cerrahi işlemin başında, Grup 6' da reperfüzyonun başlaması ile birlikte intravenöz N-asetilsistein verilmiştir. Deney sonunda tüm sıçanlardan biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik incelemeler için intrakardiyak kan örnekleri ve yaklaşık 20 cm'lik ince bağırsak ansı alındı. Biyokimyasal inceleme olarak kan ve doku örneklerinde malondialdehit, süperoksit dismutaz, glutatyon ve nitrik oksit çalışıldı. İnce bağırsak doku örnekleri histopatolojik olarak Chiu sınıflamasına göre incelendi. Biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik sonuçlar Kruskal-Wallis varyans analizi ve Mann Whitney U testleriyle değerlendirildi. Deneysel intestinal İskemi/Reperfuzyon modelinde N-asetilsisteinin koruyucu etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla çalışılan biyokimyasal parametrelerden biri olan Malondialdehitin hem plazma, hem de doku düzeyleri en yüksek İskemi/Reperfuzyon grubunda bulundu (p0.05). N-asetilsisteinin reperfüzyon hasarına karşı plazma nitrik oksit düzeylerini azaltarak antioksidan bir etki 47 göstermediği, öte yandan iskemik hasara karşı plazma nitrik oksit düzeylerini azaltarak koruyucu bir etki gösterdiği sonucuna vardık (p0.05). In this study, we found that N-acetylcysteine decreases plasma nitric okside levels againist reperfusion injury and does not create an antioxidant effect. On the other hand, it demonstrates protective effect by decreasing nitric okside levels againist ischemia injury. In conclusion, it has been suggested, in the light of biochemical and histopathological evaluations of our experimental study that N-acetylcysteine administiration is effective to prevention of injury in both ischemia and reperfusion

Protective Effect of Curcumin on Liver Damage Induced by Biliary Obstruction in Rats

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible protective effects of curcumin against cholestatic oxidative stress and liver damage in common bile duct ligated rats.Material and Methods: A total of 18 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, common bile duct ligation (BDL) and BDL+curcumin.Each group contained 6 animals. The rats in the curcumin treated group were given curcumin (100 mg/kg) once a day orally for 14 days, starting 3 days prior to BDL operation. Following 14 days of treatment, all the animals were decapitated and liver tissue samples were obtained for histopathological investigation.Results: The changes demonstrating the bile duct proliferation and fibrosis in expanded portal tracts, including the extension of proliferated bile ducts into lobules, mononuclear cells, and neutrophil infiltration into the widened portal areas, were observed in BDL group. Treatment of BDL with curcumin attenuated liver damage. Both the elevated alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and the activity of TUNEL in the BDL were observed to be reduced with the curcumin treatment. Conclusion: Our data indicate that curcumin reduced BDL-induced cholestatic liver injury, bile duct proliferation, fibrosis

The effects of hyperbaric oxygen application against cholestatic oxidative stress and hepatic damage after bile duct ligation in rats

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic potential of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) on the liver tissue against bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced oxidative damage and fibrosis in rats. Materials and methods: We divided 32 adult male Sprague Dawley rats into four groups: sham, sham plus HBO, BDL, and BDL plus HBO; each group contained eight animals. We placed the sham plus HBO and BDL plus HBO groups in an experimental hyperbaric chamber in which we administered pure oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres absolute 100% oxygen for 90 min on 14 consecutive days. Results: The application of BDL clearly increased the tissue malondialdehyde level, myeloperoxidase activity, and hydroxyproline content and decreased the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) and glutathione level. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatment significantly decreased the elevated tissue malondialdehyde level, myeloperoxidase activity, and hydroxyproline content and increased the reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and glutathione level in the tissues. The changes demonstrating the bile duct proliferation and fibrosis in expanded portal tracts include the extension of proliferated bile ducts into lobules, mononuclear cells, and neutrophil infiltration into the widened portal areas were observed in BDL group. Treatment of BDL with HBO attenuated alterations in liver histology. Alpha smooth muscle actin, cytokeratinpositive ductular proliferation, and the activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2'-deoxyuridine, 5'-triphosphate nick end labeling in the BDL decreased with HBO treatment. Conclusions: The data indicate that HBO attenuates BDL-induced oxidative injury, hepatocytes damage, bile duct proliferation, and fibrosis. The hepatoprotective effect of HBO is associated with antioxidative potential. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Trakya University Research Center, Edirne, TurkeyTrakya University [2011-196]This study was supported under Project TUBAB 2011-196 by the Trakya University Research Center, Edirne, Turkey

The effect of methylene blue treatment on aspiration pneumonia

Background: The study aimed to examine whether methylene blue (MB) prevents different pulmonary aspiration materials-induced lung injury in rats. Methods: The experiments were designed in 60 Sprague-Dawley rats, ranging in weight from 250-300 g, randomly allotted into one of six groups (n = 10): saline control, Biosorb Energy Plus (BIO), hydrochloric acid (HCl), saline + MB treated, BIO + MB treated, and HCl + MB treated. Saline, BIO, and HCl were injected into the lungs in a volume of 2 mL/kg. After surgical procedure, MB was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days at a daily dose of 2 mg/kg per day. Seven days later, rats were killed, and both lungs in all groups were examined biochemically and histopathologically. Results: Our findings show that MB inhibits the inflammatory response reducing significantly (P < 0.05) peribronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar septal infiltration, alveolar edema, alveolar exudate, alveolar histiocytes, interstitial fibrosis, granuloma, and necrosis formation in different pulmonary aspiration models. Pulmonary aspiration significantly increased the tissue hydroxyproline content, malondialdehyde levels, and decreased (P < 0.05) the antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) activities. MB treatment significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the elevated tissue hydroxyproline content and malondialdehyde levels and prevented the inhibition of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) enzymes in the tissues. Furthermore, there is a significant reduction in the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, and arise in the expression of surfactant protein D in lung tissue of different pulmonary aspiration models with MB therapy. Conclusions: MB treatment might be beneficial in lung injury and therefore shows potential for clinical use. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Adenosine Deaminase Type II Deficiency: Severe Chronic Neutropenia, Lymphoid Infiltration in Bone Marrow, and Inflammatory Features.

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (DADA2) is an autoinflammatory disease characterized with immunologic, hematologic, and neurological features. Here, we presented two patients with severe persistent chronic neutropenia, which required differential diagnosis of congenital and autoimmune neutropenia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and primary immunodeficiency diseases, including autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease. The therapy of the disease except hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a challenging experience