Retropharyngeal hematoma presenting airway obstruction: A case report

Introduction Blunt neck trauma patients can suffer from an airway emergency and are necessary to careful observation. Presentation of case A 79-year-old man under anticoagulation therapy presented to our hospital three hours after a fall. Shortly after arrival, he developed dyspnea. Oral intubation was attempted, but with no success; therefore, an emergency tracheotomy was performed. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and subsequent angiography revealed active bleeding from a branch of the right ascending cervical artery. Subsequently, the right thyrocervical trunk, which is upstream from the ascending cervical artery, was embolized and hemostasis was achieved. He was discharged 52 days after the emergency admission. Discussion This is the first case report of an ascending cervical artery injury due to blunt trauma that resulted in an airway emergency. Contrast-enhanced CT and cervical angiography are useful for confirming the area of injury and size of the hematoma. Half of patients with respiratory distress accompanied by a cervical spine injury require definitive airway management within five hours of the injury and all by 24 h. Neck trauma can lead to fatal airway obstruction and careful monitoring is warranted to detect any signs of impeding respiratory obstruction. Conclusion All emergency physicians need to keep their airway management skills updated in order to perform reliably and rapidly in difficult and urgent situations

Adherence to behavior changes for COVID-19 prevention in communitydwelling older adults

Background: Preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in older people is an important public health issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of fear regarding COVID-19 and adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures among community-dwelling older adults.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted from July 15 to August 19, 2020, in 127 community-dwelling older adults ≥65 years old in Japan. A questionnaire including participants’ basic attributes (age, sex, body mass index, and family structure), levels of fear regarding COVID-19, increasing adherence to four behaviors (restrictions on going out, maintaining physical distancing, wearing masks, and washing hands) for COVID-19 prevention, and its stress levels was used. We calculated the relationship between the level of fear of COVID-19 and the level of each behavioral change using Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rs).Results: About 95% of older adults displayed fear of COVID-19. Rates of adherence to all four COVID-19 prevention measures increased to approximately 80–95%. However, about 40–55% of older adults were stressed by all behavior modifications except washing hands. The increasing level of fear regarding COVID-19 correlated positively with decreasing frequency of going out (rs=0.280, p=0.001) and increasing frequency of washing hands (rs=0.336, p<0.001).Conclusion: The behavioral changes of COVID-19 prevention measures in community-dwelling older people were excellent with increasing adherence rates. While such high adherence rates may increase the preventive effect in community-dwelling older people, the new lifestyle during the COVID-19 epidemic may cause frailty due to restrictions on going out and stress regarding behavior modifications

Characterization of chromosome structures of Falconinae (Falconidae, Falconiformes, Aves) by chromosome painting and delineation of chromosome rearrangements during their differentiation

Karyotypes of most bird species are characterized by around 2n = 80 chromosomes, comprising 7–10 pairs of large- and medium-sized macrochromosomes including sex chromosomes and numerous morphologically indistinguishable microchromosomes. The Falconinae of the Falconiformes has a different karyotype from the typical avian karyotype in low chromosome numbers, little size difference between macrochromosomes and a smaller number of microchromosomes. To characterize chromosome structures of Falconinae and to delineate the chromosome rearrangements that occurred in this subfamily, we conducted comparative chromosome painting with chicken chromosomes 1–9 and Z probes and microchromosome-specific probes, and chromosome mapping of the 18S–28S rRNA genes and telomeric (TTAGGG) n sequences for common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) (2n = 52), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) (2n = 50) and merlin (Falco columbarius) (2n = 40). F. tinnunculus had the highest number of chromosomes and was considered to retain the ancestral karyotype of Falconinae; one and six centric fusions might have occurred in macrochromosomes of F. peregrinus and F. columbarius, respectively. Tandem fusions of microchromosomes to macrochromosomes and between microchromosomes were also frequently observed, and chromosomal locations of the rRNA genes ranged from two to seven pairs of chromosomes. These karyotypic features of Falconinae were relatively different from those of Accipitridae, indicating that the drastic chromosome rearrangements occurred independently in the lineages of Accipitridae and Falconinae

Fetal and Neonatal Goiter in Cynomolgus Monkeys Following Administration of the Antithyroid Drug Thiamazole at High Doses to Dams During Pregnancy

To evaluate morphologic alterations in the thyroid gland in the second generation in cynomolgus monkeys, pregnant dams were exposed to high doses of thiamazole. In Experiment A, dams received thiamazole intragastrically via a nasogastric catheter from gestation day (GD) 50 to GD 150 or on the day before delivery. Initially, the dose level was 20 mg/kg/day (10 mg/kg twice daily); however, the dose level was subsequently decreased to 5 mg/kg/day (2.5 mg/kg twice daily), since deteriorated general conditions were observed in two dams. Six out of seven neonates died on the day of birth. The cause of neonatal death was tracheal compression and suffocation from goiter. The transplacental exposure to thiamazole affected the fetal thyroid glands and induced goiter in all neonates. The surviving neonate was necropsied 767 days after discontinuation of thiamazole exposure and showed reversibility of the induced changes. In Experiment B, dams were intragastrically administered thiamazole at 5 mg/kg/day (2.5 mg/kg twice daily) for treatment periods from GDs 51 to 70, 71 to 90, 91 to 110, 111 to 130 and 131 to 150. All fetuses showed enlarged thyroid glands but were viable. Histopathologically, hypertrophy and/or hyperplastic appearance of the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland was observed at the end of each treatment period. The most active appearance of the follicular epithelium, consisting of crowded pedunculated structure, was demonstrated at end of the treatment period from GD 131 to 150. This is the first report on the morphology of fetal and neonatal goiter in the cynomolgus monkey

リハビリテーション医療系大学生における学業および大学生活適応尺度の作成

現在、高等学校卒業者のおよそ50%が大学へ進学している一方、休学・中退者の数は増え続けており、社会問題化している。文科省は休学・退学の要因として、高校と大学教育のギャップが生む『学業不振』を挙げている。必ずしも学業に重きをおかない、多様な価値観を持った学生のグローバル化が背景にある中、リハビリテーション医療系大学生は、一方で明確に学業をクリアすることを求められるという特徴がある。本研究の目的は、リハビリテーション医療系大学生を対象にした、学業および大学生活適応尺度を作成することである。作業療法学教員2名によって精選された35項目に対して、学生122名に反応を求めた。探索的因子分析の結果、感情・心理因子(6項目)、積極性因子(6項目)、適合感因子(4項目)、他者性因子(3項目)、自己対処因子(3項目)の5因子構造が得られた。信頼性に関しては,Cronbach α係数は高値を示し、因子間相関ではすべての因子間に有意な正の相関が見られ、一定の内的整合性、信頼性は保たれていた。Recently about 50 percent of the new graduates from high school enroll to university. However, the number of temporary absent or drop out students from university continue to grow up, and it becomes a social issue now. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology states that one of the factor of long term absence and dropping out from the university is poor academic performance that occurs from educational gap between high school and university . While the students with various senses of values are increasing, it\u27s important to give fixed academic performance for the student who try to be a rehabilitation related occupation. The purpose of this study is to develop the scale of relationship between academic performance and adaptation skill in university life for the OT students of Shijonawate&#8212;gakuen University.122 OT students were involved to answer the 35 questions which were selected by 2 OT teachers of the university. As a result of searching factor analysis, 5 factors which are consisted by feeling and psychological factor(6 items),initiative factor (6 items),feeling of conformity factor(4 items), other related factor(3 items) and self-cooping factors(3 items).The reliability by the Cronbach of coefficient shows high score and meaningful equilateral correlation among the factors also shows significantly high

Competition for Mitogens Regulates Spermatogenic Stem Cell Homeostasis in an Open Niche

In many tissues, homeostasis is maintained by physical contact between stem cells and an anatomically defined niche. However, how stem cell homeostasis is achieved in environments where cells are motile and dispersed among their progeny remains unknown. Using murine spermatogenesis as a model, we find that spermatogenic stem cell density is tightly regulated by the supply of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) from lymphatic endothelial cells. We propose that stem cell homeostasis is achieved through competition for a limited supply of FGFs. We show that the quantitative dependence of stem cell density on FGF dosage, the biased localization of stem cells toward FGF sources, and stem cell dynamics during regeneration following injury can all be predicted and explained within the framework of a minimal theoretical model based on “mitogen competition.” We propose that this model provides a generic and robust mechanism to support stem cell homeostasis in open, or facultative, niche environments