A research on social network websites as a marketing communication channel

Nowadays, as a result of rapid change in the informatics and the communication technologies consumers have begun to spend much more time on websites. In parallel with this change, firms adapted their marketing, sale, distribution and promotion facilities onto online platform. Thus the number of the consumers shopping on virtual platform is increasing day by day. Social network websites as a type of virtual communities present an important potential in attaining consumers shopping on virtual platform. The main purpose of this study is to determine the tendency of shopping websites operating in similar product and service categories to use the social networks as a type of virtual communities. For this purpose, the sharing updates of “Limango”, “Trendyol” ve “Markafoni shopping websites that operate on the electronic platform were investigated through content analysis method according to the determined evaluation criteria. In the content analysis, sharing status of Limango, Trendyol and Markafoni websites between 15 March and the 15 April 2011 has been considered. Using the electronic business to customer (e-b2c) strategy which is a type of target market strategy and operating in the similar product and service categories are the main factors to prefer concerned websites. According to the findings of this study, it was revealed that the concerned websites are effectively using social network platform as a marketing communication channel. It has also determined that the campaign and discount opportunities of the products are especially advertised on Facebook and Trendyol use the social networks more effective compared to the other online shopping websites.Günümüzde bilişim ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki hızlı değişim sonucunda tüketiciler web sitelerinde çok daha fazla zaman geçirmeye başladılar. Bu değişime paralel olarak firmalar pazarlama, satış, dağıtım ve tanıtım olanaklarını online platforma uyarlamışlardır. Böylece sanal platformda alışveriş yapan tüketici sayısı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bir tür sanal topluluk olarak sosyal ağ siteleri, sanal platformda alışveriş yapan tüketicilere ulaşmada önemli bir potansiyel sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, benzer ürün ve hizmet kategorilerinde faaliyet gösteren alışveriş sitelerinin sosyal ağları bir tür sanal topluluk olarak kullanma eğilimlerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla “Limango” nun paylaşım güncellemelerini, Elektronik platformda faaliyet gösteren “Trendyol” ve “Markafoni alışveriş siteleri, belirlenen değerlendirme kriterlerine göre içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. İçerik analizinde, 15 Mart - 15 Nisan 2011 tarihleri arasında Limango, Trendyol ve Markafoni web sitelerinin paylaşım statüsü göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Elektronik işletmeyi, bir hedef pazar stratejisi türü olan ve benzer ürün ve hizmet kategorilerinde faaliyet gösteren müşteriye (e-b2c) stratejisini kullanmak, ilgili web sitelerini tercih etmenin ana faktörleridir. Bu araştırmanın bulgularına göre, söz konusu web sitelerinin sosyal ağ platformunu etkili bir şekilde pazarlama iletişimi kanalı olarak kullandıkları ortaya çıktı

Comparison of European Standard Patch Test Results of 330 Patients from an Occupational Diseases Hospital

Background and Aim. Contact dermatitis (CD) is the most prevalent occupational skin disease with a significant impact on quality of life. Patch testing is used for the identification of responsible allergens which may improve protective and preventive measures in the workplace. Herein, we aim to identify the demographic characteristics and occupation of patients with early diagnosis of occupational CD and compare patch test results. Materials and Methods. The study included 330 patients referred to our clinic between April 2009 and April 2011 and who were patch-tested with 28-allergen European Standard Test. Results. 126 (38%) patients were female and 204 (62%) were male with a mean age of 36.12 (±13.13) years. Positive allergic reactions were observed in 182 (55%) patients. Nickel sulphate (41/126) and potassium dichromate (39/204) were significantly the most common allergens in women and men, respectively (P<0.005). Additionally, the most common occupation in women was household activities (83/126) and in men was manufacturing (80/204). Conclusion. The allergens to which people become sensitized differ according to their working environment and occupation. Classification of occupations is important for identification of sensitization risks and monitoring of changes in allergen distribution of different occupations

Application of alternative anthropometric measurements to predict metabolic syndrome

OBJECTIVE: The association between rarely used anthropometric measurements (e.g., mid-upper arm, forearm, and calf circumference) and metabolic syndrome has not been proven. The aim of this study was to assess whether mid-upper arm, forearm, calf, and waist circumferences, as well as waist/height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio, were associated with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: We enrolled 387 subjects (340 women, 47 men) who were admitted to the obesity outpatient department of Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital between September 2010 and December 2010. The following measurements were recorded: waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, mid-upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, calf circumference, and body composition. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure plasma glucose, lipids, uric acid, insulin, and HbA1c. RESULTS: The odds ratios for visceral fat (measured via bioelectric impedance), hip circumference, forearm circumference, and waist circumference/hip circumference were 2.19 (95% CI, 1.30-3.71), 1.89 (95% CI, 1.07-3.35), 2.47 (95% CI, 1.24-4.95), and 2.11(95% CI, 1.26-3.53), respectively. The bioelectric impedance-measured body fat percentage correlated with waist circumference only in subjects without metabolic syndrome; the body fat percentage was negatively correlated with waist circumference/hip circumference in the metabolic syndrome group. All measurements except for forearm circumference were equally well correlated with the bioelectric impedance-measured body fat percentages in both groups. Hip circumference was moderately correlated with bioelectric impedance-measured visceral fat in subjects without metabolic syndrome. Muscle mass (measured via bioelectric impedance) was weakly correlated with waist and forearm circumference in subjects with metabolic syndrome and with calf circumference in subjects without metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Waist circumference was not linked to metabolic syndrome in obese and overweight subjects; however, forearm circumference, an unconventional but simple and appropriate anthropometric index, was associated with metabolic syndrome and bioelectric impedance-measured visceral fat, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio

Maternal serum amyloid A levels in pregnancies complicated with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate a possible association between maternal serum amyloid A levels (SAA) and maternal and fetal parameters in pregnancies complicated with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Material and methods: A total of 88 pregnant women (PPROM group, n=44 and control group, n=44) were included into this prospective case control study. Serum blood samples for SAA were obtained from both groups within 1h since the rupture of the membranes and before administration of any medicine. The samples were kept frozen at -70°C until the analysis. The recorded risk factors were: age, gravidity, parity, delivery mode, gender, fetal birth weight, APGAR scores, white blood cell count, microCRP, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and maternal serum SAA levels. Results: Demographic characteristics showed no statistically significant differences between the groups (p>0.05). The mode of delivery mode was cesarean section: 41% and 43.2% in the study and the control group, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant between the groups (

The ınvestıgatıon of relationships between perceived value and revisit ıntention: a study on five star hotels

Algılanan değer, müşterilerin satın alma sonrasında mal veya hizmetlere ödediği fiyata göre kalitesi hakkında yaptığı değerlendirmeleri içerir. Buna göre tüketiciler, satın aldıkları ürünlerin harcadıkları paraya ve zamana değip değmediğinin değerlendirmesini yapmakta ve ürünün faydalarını maliyetleri ile karşılaştırmaktadırlar. Yaptıkları değerlendirmeler sonucunda müşterilerin algıladıkları değer (kalite-fiyat-duygusal ve sosyal değer) yüksek olursa, müşterilerin o markayı tekrar satın alma (turizm bağlamında tekrar ziyaret niyetleri) niyetleri de o oranda yüksek olacaktır. Algılanan değer, turistlerin bir destinasyona tekrar ziyaret yapıp yapmayacaklarına dair çok önemli bir belirleyicidir. Bu nedenle, geri gelen turistler destinasyon pazarlamasının değerlendirilmesi bağlamında işletmeye çok ciddi veri sağlamaktadır ve yüksek derecede algılanan değerin turistlerin bir destinasyonu tekrar ziyaret etme niyetlerini de arttıracağı kanıtlamıştır. Memnun olmuş turistlerin, arkadaşlarına ve akrabalarına gelecekte yapılacak ziyaretlerde bahsi geçen destinasyonu tavsiye edecekleri bulunmuştur. Bu araştırmanın amacı, beş yıldızlı termal otel işletmelerinde konaklayan misafirlerin algılanan değer düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ile tekrar ziyaret niyetlerinin tespit edilmesidir. Ayrıca, misafirlerin algılanan değer düzeylerinin tekrar ziyaret niyetleri üzerindeki etkisi tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ankete katılan misafirlerin demografik ve bazı bireysel özelliklerine göre dağılımı frekans ve yüzde yöntemi ile betimlenmiştir. Ayrıca, misafirlerin algılanan değer düzeyleri ve tekrar ziyaret niyetleri frekans ve yüzde dağılımı yanı sıra aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri hesaplanarak yorumlanmıştır. Buna ek olarak, algılanan değer düzeyleri ve tekrar ziyaret niyetleri arasındaki ilişkiler, Ki-Kare Testi, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri ile çözümlenmiştir. Analizleri sonucunda algılanan değerin tekrar ziyaret niyeti üzerinde kuvvetli bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.Perceived value is the post purchase judgments of the customers’ according to the price of goods or services paid. Accordingly, the customers go through an assessment process in which they think whether the product or the service bought is worth the money paid and time spent. As a result of their assessments, the higher perceived value (quality, price, emotional and social value) of the customers, the higher repurchase intentions the customers will more likely to have (in the tourism context, revisit intentions). Perceived value is a significant indicator whether the tourists may revisit a destination in the future. For that reason, repeat visitors may provide invaluable data to the business in the scope of the evaluation of destination marketing. Moreover, it was proved that the higher the perceived value of the customers the higher the revisit intention the customers have. In addition, it was determined that if the tourists have high levels of revisit intention, they may recommend the destination to their friends, relatives and the other whom that they interact with. The purpose of this study is to determine the brand awareness and perceived value levels of the guests staying in five-star thermal hotels along with the determination of the revisit intentions of the guests. In addition, it was aimed to determine the effect of perceived value level of the guests on their revisit intention. The participants’ distribution was depicted by frequency and percentage method by their demographic and some of the individual characteristics. Moreover, perceived value levels and the re-visit intentions of the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation of the values were calculated and interpreted. In addition to that, the relations between the perceived value and re-visit the intentions were analyzed by chi-square tests, correlation and regression method. It was found out that the perceived value has a strong effect on revisit intention

The ınvestıgatıon of relationships between perceived value and revisit ıntention: a study on five star hotels

Algılanan değer, müşterilerin satın alma sonrasında mal veya hizmetlere ödediği fiyata göre kalitesi hakkında yaptığı değerlendirmeleri içerir. Buna göre tüketiciler, satın aldıkları ürünlerin harcadıkları paraya ve zamana değip değmediğinin değerlendirmesini yapmakta ve ürünün faydalarını maliyetleri ile karşılaştırmaktadırlar. Yaptıkları değerlendirmeler sonucunda müşterilerin algıladıkları değer (kalite-fiyat-duygusal ve sosyal değer) yüksek olursa, müşterilerin o markayı tekrar satın alma (turizm bağlamında tekrar ziyaret niyetleri) niyetleri de o oranda yüksek olacaktır. Algılanan değer, turistlerin bir destinasyona tekrar ziyaret yapıp yapmayacaklarına dair çok önemli bir belirleyicidir. Bu nedenle, geri gelen turistler destinasyon pazarlamasının değerlendirilmesi bağlamında işletmeye çok ciddi veri sağlamaktadır ve yüksek derecede algılanan değerin turistlerin bir destinasyonu tekrar ziyaret etme niyetlerini de arttıracağı kanıtlamıştır. Memnun olmuş turistlerin, arkadaşlarına ve akrabalarına gelecekte yapılacak ziyaretlerde bahsi geçen destinasyonu tavsiye edecekleri bulunmuştur. Bu araştırmanın amacı, beş yıldızlı termal otel işletmelerinde konaklayan misafirlerin algılanan değer düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ile tekrar ziyaret niyetlerinin tespit edilmesidir. Ayrıca, misafirlerin algılanan değer düzeylerinin tekrar ziyaret niyetleri üzerindeki etkisi tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ankete katılan misafirlerin demografik ve bazı bireysel özelliklerine göre dağılımı frekans ve yüzde yöntemi ile betimlenmiştir. Ayrıca, misafirlerin algılanan değer düzeyleri ve tekrar ziyaret niyetleri frekans ve yüzde dağılımı yanı sıra aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri hesaplanarak yorumlanmıştır. Buna ek olarak, algılanan değer düzeyleri ve tekrar ziyaret niyetleri arasındaki ilişkiler, Ki-Kare Testi, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri ile çözümlenmiştir. Analizleri sonucunda algılanan değerin tekrar ziyaret niyeti üzerinde kuvvetli bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.Perceived value is the post purchase judgments of the customers’ according to the price of goods or services paid. Accordingly, the customers go through an assessment process in which they think whether the product or the service bought is worth the money paid and time spent. As a result of their assessments, the higher perceived value (quality, price, emotional and social value) of the customers, the higher repurchase intentions the customers will more likely to have (in the tourism context, revisit intentions). Perceived value is a significant indicator whether the tourists may revisit a destination in the future. For that reason, repeat visitors may provide invaluable data to the business in the scope of the evaluation of destination marketing. Moreover, it was proved that the higher the perceived value of the customers the higher the revisit intention the customers have. In addition, it was determined that if the tourists have high levels of revisit intention, they may recommend the destination to their friends, relatives and the other whom that they interact with. The purpose of this study is to determine the brand awareness and perceived value levels of the guests staying in five-star thermal hotels along with the determination of the revisit intentions of the guests. In addition, it was aimed to determine the effect of perceived value level of the guests on their revisit intention. The participants’ distribution was depicted by frequency and percentage method by their demographic and some of the individual characteristics. Moreover, perceived value levels and the re-visit intentions of the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation of the values were calculated and interpreted. In addition to that, the relations between the perceived value and re-visit the intentions were analyzed by chi-square tests, correlation and regression method. It was found out that the perceived value has a strong effect on revisit intention

The Effect of Trust in Managers on the Organizational Identification and Intention to Quit: A Research on Hospitality Business Employees

The aim of this study is to explore the effect of trust perceptions of hotel employees in their managers on their organizational identification behavior and intention to quit. Initially, a literature review was performed and then a questionnaire was used to gather data. To analyze the data, T-test and variance analysis were carried out and Tukey and Tamhane tests were used as well. Lastly, structural equation modeling (SEM) was done to identify the degree and direction of the relationships. As a result of the T-test analyses, significant differences were found in 95% confidence level between the age groups and organizational identification (p=0,001) and intention to quit (p=0,000). Besides, it was identified that organizational identification behavior has an adverse effect on intention to quit (?= -0,008). It was concluded that the higher the perception of trust in the manager, the higher the organizational identification behavior and the lower the intention to quit

The frequency of cantact eczema ın dental technicians

[No Abstract Available