Ratlarda Deneysel Omurilik Travmasında Karvedilol’ün İkincil Hasara Etkisi

Aim: Previous studies have shown that carvedilol has a neuroprotective effect in animal models of brain ischemia and brain oxidative damage in vitro. This study was perfomed to investigate the effect of carvedilol on the secondary damage in experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). Material and methods: Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 underwent laminectomy alone. Group 2 underwent laminectomy followed by SCI and received carvedilol. Group 3 underwent laminectomy followed by SCI and received no medication. The neurological functions were assessed by Tarlov’s motor scale at the first and 24th hours. Oxidative stress status was assessed by MDA, SOD, MPO, GSH activities. A TUNEL-based apoptosis kit was used for evaluating apoptosis in the spinal cord samples and hematoxylinand eosin-stained specimens were used for light microscopic examination. Results: Carvedilol reduced apoptosis and regulated oxidant and antioxidant status by increasing SOD and GSH levels and reducing MPO and MDA levels in the spinal tissue homogenate. Neurological examination of rats revealed statistically significant improvement 24 hours after the trauma. Conclusion: Carvedilol has a statistically significant therapeutic effect, especially on functional recovery, and we found that carvedilol reduced secondary damage by inhibiting apoptosis and regulating the oxidant and antioxidant status.Amaç: Beyinde oksidatif hasar ve iskemi ile ilgili daha önce yapılan in vitro hayvan modeli çalışmalarında karvedilolün nöron koruyucu etkilerinin olduğu gösterildi. Çalışmada karvedilolün deneysel spinal travma modelinde ikincil hasar üzerine olan etkileri araştırıldı. Yöntem ve Gereçler: 24 adet Wistar albino tipi sıçan üç gruba ayrıldı. Spinal kord yaralanması ağırlık düşürme modeli ile gerçekleştirildi. Birinci gruba sadece laminektomi uygulandı. İkinci gruba laminektomi yapılarak spinal kord yaralanması oluşturuldu ve karvedilol verildi. Üçüncü gruba laminektomi yapılıp spinal kord yaralanması oluşturuldu ve herhangi bir medikasyon uygulanmadı. Tüm gruplarda deneklerin birinci ve 24. saatlerde Tarlov motor skorlaması ile nörolojik muayeneleri kaydedildi. Oksidatif stres ölçümü için MDA (malonildialdehit), SOD (süperoksit dismutaz), MPO (myeloperoksidaz) ve GSH (glutatyon) aktiviteleri kullanıldı. Apoptozis düzeyini belirlemek için TUNEL kiti ve ışık mikroskobi bulguları için hematoksilen eozin boyası kullanıldı. Bulgular: Karvedilol apoptozis düzeyini azalttı ve SOD ile GSH düzeyini artırıp MPO ve MDA düzeylerini azaltarak oksidasyon ve antioksidasyon olaylarını düzenledi. Sonuç: Karvedilol özellikle fonksiyonel iyileşme üzerine istatistiksel olarak olumlu etki oluşturdu ve apoptozisi azaltıcı ve oksidasyon-antioksidasyon olaylarını olumlu yönde düzenleyici etki gösterdi

Can ursodeoxycholic acid be considered as an alternative treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to bone fracture. Bone tissue undergoes constant remodeling. Under the physiologic conditions, bone formation and resorption are in a fair balance. After the third decade of life, bone resorption exceeds bone formation and leads to osteopenia and, in severe situations, osteoporosis. The result is fragile bones and an increased risk for fracture with even minimal trauma. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is thought to result from gonadal (ie, estrogen) deficiency. Estrogen deficiency have been reported to make decrease in 1-25 vitamin D, PTH levels and also calcium absorbsion and increased of some cytokines (ie. IL-1, TNF-alpha) may cause. it was noticed that Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) may descrease these cytokines and increase fractional calcium absorbsion . Consequently, we hypotesize that UDCA might be useful Postmenopausal osteoporosis.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Nebivolol Might be Beneficial in Osteoporosis Treatment: A Hypothesis

Nebivolol is a β-blocker that is highly selective for β1-adrenergic receptors with vasodilating properties. This property can be attributed to an endothelial release of nitric oxide (NO). It has been reported that nebivolol also reduces intracellular oxidative stress. There are some studies conducted in humans and animal models which have shown that NO is an important regulator of bone metabolism. However, oxidative stress and antioxidant systems may play important roles in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In this paper, we hypothesized that nebivolol may have beneficial effects via nitric oxide and antioxidant action in osteoporosis treatment

Periodontoloji kliniğine başvuran hastalarda periodontal durum ve sistemik hastalıkların değerlendirilmesi

<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The present study aims to determine the periodontal status and frequencies of the systemic diseases encountered in individuals admitted to Periodontology Department of Faculty of Dentistry at Cumhuriyet University.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The present study included 1400 individuals aged between 12-82, 834 of whom were female, and 566 of whom were male. The factors investigated were periodontal status, oral hygiene habits, smoking and presence of systemic diseases. Clinical and radiological examinations were utilized in the diagnosis of periodontal disease.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> When periodontal conditions were investigated, it was found that 0.3% of the patients were healthy, 51.9% had gingivitis, 46,4% had chronic periodontitis and 1.4% had aggressive periodontitis. The prevalence of systemic diseases in the sample group of the study was 39.2%. 31.4 % of the patients with gingivitis, 47.9% of the patients with chronic periodontitis and 50% of the patients with aggressive periodontitis were also found to have systemic disease. 2.1% of the patients included in the study had hepatitis and 24.4% were smokers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The prevalence of periodontal and systemic diseases in the sample group of the study was found to be high. A detailed medical history of all patients with periodontal disease should be obtained and investigated and an appropriate treatment should be planned accordingly.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ÖZET</strong></p> <p><strong>Amaç: </strong>Bu çalışmada, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Diş hekimliği Fakültesi Periodontoloji Anabilim Dalına başvuran bireylerin periodontal durumlarının ve bu hastalarda karşılaşılan sistemik hastalıkların sıklıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlandı.</p> <p><strong>Gereç ve Yöntem: </strong>834 kadın, 566 erkek 12-82 yaş arasındaki 1400 birey çalışmaya dahil edildi. Periodontal durum, oral hijyen alışkanlıkları, sigara alışkanlığı ve sistemik hastalık varlığı araştırıldı. Klinik ve radyolojik muayene sonrası periodontal hastalık teşhisi konuldu.</p> <p><strong>Bulgular:</strong> Periodontal durumlarına göre hastaların %0,3 periodontal açıdan sağlıklı, %51.9’u gingivitis, %46,4 kronik periodontitis, %1,4 agresif periodontitis olarak saptandı. Çalışmadaki bireylerin sistemik hastalık prevalansı %39.2 olarak tespit edildi. Gingivitis tanısı olan hastaların %31,4’de, kronik periodontitisli hastaların %47,9 ve agresif periodontitisli hastaların %50'sinde sistemik hastalık gözlendi. Bu çalışmaya katılan bireylerin %2,1’nin hepatit olduğu ve  %24,4’nün sigara içtiği tespit edildi.</p> <p><strong>Sonuçlar: </strong>Bu çalışma, periodontal ve sistemik hastalıkların görülme sıklığının incelenen bireyler arasında yüksek olduğunu gösterdi. Periodontal hastalığı bulunan tüm bireylerden tedavi öncesi detaylı anamnez alınmalı, buna göre uygun tedavi planlanmalıdır.</p> <p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler: </strong>Periodontal hastalık, tıbbi öykü, sistemik hastalık.<strong> </strong></p&gt

Cyanocobalamin May be Beneficial in the Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers Even When Vitamin B12 Levels Are Normal

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of cyanocobalamin treatment in patients having recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAUs) with normal or decreased serum vitamin B12 (cobalamin) levels. Methods: Seventy-two patients with RAU were included in the study. In addition to serum cobalamin levels, hemanitic and biochemistrical parameters were measured. Patients with serum cobalamin levels <140 pg/mL were defined as the cobalamin deficient group (CDG) whereas patients with cobalamin levels 140 pg/mL were defined as the cobalamin normal group (CNG). The degree of aphthous ulcer healing was determined according to serum cobalamin levels at the first and sixth month after cyanocobalamin treatment protocol. Results: Of the 72 participants, 37 were in the CDG whereas 35 were considered to have normal cobalamin levels. In the first admission the cobalamin levels were 215.8 +/- 116.90 pg/mL in CNG and 107.43 +/- 29.35 pg/mL in the CDG. The frequency of aphthous ulcers was defined numerically according to monthly occurrence of the lesions. The mean aphthous ulcer frequency in CNG group was 1.9 +/- 0.7, whereas it was 2.4 +/- 0.9 in the CDG. A significant increase in cobalamin levels was observed after cyanocobalamin treatment in both groups. A significant decrease in aphthous ulcer frequency was also concurrently observed. 96% of the patients showed good response to replacement treatment, 4% of the study population did not respond to the treatment. Conclusion: Cyanocobalamin treatment maybe beneficial for patients with RAU even when serum cobalamin levels are normal. We suggest that higher serum cobalamin levels should be attained in patients with RAU for mucosal protection

Ratlarda Akrilamid Kullanımının Antioksidan ve Oksidan Değerleri Üzerine Etkisi

WOS:000321751900009Bu çalışmada, uzun süre akrilamid verilen sıçanlar üzerinde total antioksidan durum (TAS), total oksidan durum (TOS) ve iskemi modifiye albuminin (IMA) serum düzeylerinin nasıl değiştiğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 65-75 g ağırlığında ve yaşları 3-4 haftalık 25 erkek ve 25 dişi Wistar cinsi sıçanlar kullanılmıştır. Hayvanlar 90 gün boyunca standart sıçan yemi ile beslenmişlerdir. Bununla beraber, günlük tüketecekleri içme suyuna 2 mg/kg/gün ve 5 mg/kg/gün dozunda akrilamid ilave edilmiştir. Akrilamid uygulaması sonrası hayvanlar anestezi altında servikal dislokasyonla öldürülmüş ve serumlarında IMA, TAS, TOS ve albumin düzeyleri spektrofotometrik yöntem ile ölçülmüştür. 2 mg/kg ve 5mg/kg akrilamid verilen erkek sıçanlara ait serum IMA düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre önemli derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, 5mg/kg akrilamid verilen erkek sıçanlara ait serum TAS düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre önemli derecede düşük ve serum TOS değerleri önemli derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. 2 mg/kg ve 5mg/kg akrilamid verilen dişi sıçanlara ve kontrol grubuna ait serum IMA, TAS, TOS ve albumin düzeyleri arasında istatistiki açıdan önemli bir fark bulunamamıştır. Bu sonuçlara bağlı olarak bulgularımız, akrilamidin oksidatif stresi artırdığını göstermektedir.The aim of this study was to investigate serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in long term acrylamide (ACR) given rats, compared to control rats. In total, 25 male and 25 female Wistar rats were involved in this experiment. Animals in each sex were segregated into three groups. Two of them were treatment groups and one of them was control group. Each treatment group consisted of ten animals and each control group consisted of five animals. ACR was administered to the treatment groups at 2 and 5 mg/kg/day via drinking water for 90 days. In the end of the experiment, serum samples were analyzed for IMA, TAS, TOS and albumin levels with the spectrophotometric method. Serum IMA and adjusted IMA levels were significantly higher at concentrations of 2 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg in the male rats when compared with those of the control male rats. Serum TAS levels significantly decreased at concentrations of 5 mg/kg in the male rats when compared with those of the control rats. We also observed a significant increase in the levels of serum TOS at concentrations of 5 mg/kg in the male rats. There were no significant differences between serum IMA, TAS, TOS and albumin levels at concentrations of 2 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg in the female rats. Our findings show that long term treatment with 2 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg doses of ACR led to a significant depletion of serum TAS levels and overproduction of serum TOS and IMA levels, consequently, to an increase in oxidative stress

Serum trace elements in obese women with or without diabetes

Background & objectives: Relationship of trace elements with obesity and diabetes is complex, alterations in their metabolism can be induced by the diseases and their complications. To study the role of the trace elements in diabetes and obesity, serum trace elements levels (Cr, Se, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) were measured in obese women with or without diabetes as well as healthy women. Further, correlation between serum trace elements levels and glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), glycated haemoglobin (HbA 1 c), body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences, waist -to -hip ratio and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP) were also determined in these women. Methods: This study was performed with morbidly obese (BMI >40 kg/m 2 women with diabetes (n=41), without diabetes (n=45) and 50 healthly non obese women. Anthropometric measurements were taken and levels of serum Zn, Cr, Fe Cu and Mn were determined. Biochemical parameters included serum glucose, insulin, lipids, haemoglobin, hsCRP and HbA1C. Results: The levels of Zn (P<0.001), Mn (P<0.05), Fe (P<0.05) were significantly lower and the level of Cu (P<0.001) and Cu / Zn ratio (P<0.05) were significantly higher in the diabetic obese women than those of the healthy women. Also, the levels of Zn and Fe were significantly lower and the levels of Cu were significantly higher in the non diabetic obese women than those of the healthy group. Serum Zn levels negatively and serum Cu levels positively correlated with anthropometric values in diabetic and non diabetic obese women. Further, serum Zn, Mn and Cr levels negatively correlated and serum Se levels positively correlated glycaemia control parameters in diabetic obese women. In addition, serum Zn levels negatively correlated with hsCRP in diabetic and nondiabetic obese females. Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings showed significant association between Zn and Fe deficiencies and obesity. Also, obese women with diabetes may be at a greater risk of developing imbalances and deficiencies of trace elements compared with obese women without diabetes

Dynamic Resource Management in Next Generation Networks with Dense User Traffic

With the era of the fifth generation (5G) networks, supporting all mobile service users who have different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements becomes the main challenge. To manage and satisfy the heterogeneous requirements, network slicing concept can be a solution over a common physical infrastructure. Splitting the network into slices which have different properties (e.g., bandwidth requirements, delay tolerance, user density, etc.) allows to schedule and optimize the requests under the constraint of limited resources. The network has to decide to accept or reject the requests, and scale up/down the slices by considering the user density in accepted requests, and then, schedule the accepted requests to serve them in an order. In this paper, it is verified that slicing the network and scaling up/down the slices by using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms with consideration of user density, improve the speed of satisfaction of users with respect to the classical baseline scheduling algorithms.Turk Telekom Research Laborator