Complicações neurológicas em transplantes cardíacos

OBJECTIVE: Neurologic complications are known as important cause of morbidity and mortality in orthotopic heart transplantation. Our aim was to identify the frequency and outcome of neurologic complications after heart transplantation in a prospective observational study. METHOD: From September 93 to September 99, as part of our routine heart transplantation protocol all patients with end-stage cardiac failure were evaluated by the same neurologist before and at the time of any neurologic event (symptom or complaint) after transplantation. RESULTS: Out of 120 candidates evaluated, 62 were successfully transplanted (53 male; median age 45.5 years, median follow-up 26.8 months). Fifteen patients (24%) had ischemic, 22 (35%) idiopathic, 24 (39%) Chagas' disease and 1 (2%) had congenital cardiomyopathy. Neurologic complications occurred in 19 patients (31%): tremor, severe headache, transient encephalopathy and seizures related to drug toxicity or metabolic changes in 13; peripheral neuropathy in 4; and spinal cord compression in two (metastatic prostate cancer and epidural abscess). No symptomatic postoperative stroke was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although frequent, neurologic complications were seldom related to persistent neurologic disability or death. Most of the complications resulted from immunosuppression, however, CNS infection was rare. The absence of symptomatic stroke in our series may be related to the lower frequency of ischemic cardiomyopathy.OBJETIVO: Complicações neurológicas são frequentemente descritas como causa de morbidade e mortalidade em transplantes cardíacos. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a frequência de complicações neurológicas em pacientes submetidos a transplantes cardíacos, bem como sua evolução, através de um estudo prospectivo observacional. MÉTODO: Todos os candidatos a transplantes cardíacos foram avaliados pelo mesmo neurologista, como parte do protocolo de rotina de avaliação pré-transplante no período de 9/93 a 9/99. Após a cirurgia, os pacientes foram reavaliados sempre que houvesse qualquer sintoma ou queixa neurológica. RESULTADOS: Entre 120 pacientes avaliados no período pré-operatório, 62 foram transplantados (53 sexo masculino; idade mediana de 45.5 anos; tempo de seguimento mediano 26.8 meses). A etiologia da miocardiopatia foi isquêmica em 15 pacientes (24%), idiopática em 22 (35%), chagásica em 24 (39%) e congênita em 1 (2%). Complicações neurológicas ocorreram em 19 pacientes (31%): tremor, cefaléia intensa, encefalopatia transitória ou crises relacionados com toxicidade medicamentosa ou alterações metabólicas em 13; neuropatia periférica em 4; compressão medular em 2 (metástase epidural de carcinoma de próstata e abscesso epidural). Nenhum paciente apresentou acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) sintomático no período pós-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de frequentes, as complicações neurológicas raramente provocaram seqüelas permanentes ou óbito. A maior parte das complicações foi relacionada com imunossupressão, entretanto, infecções foram raras. A ausência de pacientes com AVC sintomático pode estar associada com a baixa frequência de miocardiopatia isquêmica na presente série.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Department of NeurologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Department of CardiologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Department of Infectious DiseasesUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryUNIFESP, EPM, Department of NeurologyUNIFESP, EPM, Department of CardiologyUNIFESP, EPM, Department of Infectious DiseasesUNIFESP, EPM, Department of Cardiovascular SurgerySciEL

Improving economic evaluations in stroke : A report from the ESO Health Economics Working Group

Introduction Approaches to economic evaluations of stroke therapies are varied and inconsistently described. An objective of the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Health Economics Working Group is to standardise and improve the economic evaluations of interventions for stroke. Methods The ESO Health Economics Working Group and additional experts were contacted to develop a protocol and a guidance document for data collection for economic evaluations of stroke therapies. A modified Delphi approach, including a survey and consensus processes, was used to agree on content. We also asked the participants about resources that could be shared to improve economic evaluations of interventions for stroke. Results Of 28 experts invited, 16 (57%) completed the initial survey, with representation from universities, government, and industry. More than half of the survey respondents endorsed 13 specific items to include in a standard resource use questionnaire. Preferred functional/quality of life outcome measures to use for economic evaluations were the modified Rankin Scale (14 respondents, 88%) and the EQ-5D instrument (11 respondents, 69%). Of the 12 respondents who had access to data used in economic evaluations, 10 (83%) indicated a willingness to share data. A protocol template and a guidance document for data collection were developed and are presented in this article. Conclusion The protocol template and guidance document for data collection will support a more standardised and transparent approach for economic evaluations of stroke care.Peer reviewe

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation:Focus on Latin America

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, with an estimated prevalence of 1-2% in North America and Europe. The increased prevalence of AF in Latin America is associated with an ageing general population, along with poor control of key risk factors, including hypertension. As a result, stroke prevalence and associated mortality have increased dramatically in the region. Therefore, the need for effective anticoagulation strategies in Latin America is clear. The aim of this review is to provide a contemporary overview of anticoagulants for stroke prevention. The use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs, eg, warfarin) and aspirin in the prevention of stroke in patients with AF in Latin America remains common, although around one fifth of all AF patients receive no anticoagulation. Warfarin use is complicated by a lack of access to effective monitoring services coupled with an unpredictable pharmacokinetic profile. The overuse of aspirin is associated with significant bleeding risks and reduced efficacy for stroke prevention in this patient group. The non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACbs) represent a potential means of overcoming many limitations associated with VKA and aspirin use, including a reduction in the need for monitoring and a reduced risk of hemorrhagic events. The ultimate decision of which anticoagulant drug to utilize in AF patients depends on a multitude of factors. More research is needed to appreciate the impact of these factors in the Latin American population and thereby reduce the burden of AF-associated stroke in this region

Improved prediction of outcomes in patients with acute intracranial hemorrhage

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol, BR-04039032 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol, BR-04039032 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Neurologic complications in coronary surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol, BR-04023900 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol, BR-04023900 São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc