a New Alternative for Fish Oil Supplements

The proximate composition of male and female Leuciscus lepidus in Beyşehir Lake was investigated. The fatty acid profiles of total lipid, phospholipid, and triacylglycerol in muscle and liver of male and female L. lepidus were evaluated by gas chromatography. Proximate analyses showed that meat of male and female L. lepidus had 15.13 ± 0.04 and 18.75 ± 0.11% fat, 20.42 ± 0.45 and 22.21 ± 0.56% protein, 65.47 ± 1.37 and 61.28 ± 1.03% moisture, and 1.51 ± 0.05 and 1.50 ± 0.03% ash, respectively. The percentage of total saturated fatty acids was higher in liver than in muscle, whereas the total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was the lowest in all fatty acid profiles. The phospholipids contained more PUFAs than triacylglycerol. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences ( < 0.05) between male (47.51%) and female (49.98%) muscle PUFAs in total lipid. The proportion of omega 3 ( 3) to omega 6 ( 6) fatty acids of total lipid was 3.15 in male and 3.68 in female. The ratio is an important indicator for comparing the value of fish oil. Therefore, it was concluded that L. lepidus was considered to be a high quality product for healthy food choice. Additionally, female L. lepidus may especially be used to produce fish oil supplements from freshwater fish combined with vegetable oils

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester as a Protective Agent against Nephrotoxicity and/or Oxidative Kidney Damage: A Detailed Systematic Review

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, has been attracting the attention of different medical and pharmaceutical disciplines in recent years because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antiviral, antifungal, and antineoplastic properties. One of the most studied organs for the effects of CAPE is the kidney, particularly in the capacity of this ester to decrease the nephrotoxicity induced by several drugs and the oxidative injury after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this review, we summarized and critically evaluated the current knowledge regarding the protective effect of CAPE in nephrotoxicity induced by several special medicines such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclosporine, gentamycin, methotrexate, and other causes leading to oxidative renal injury, namely, I/R models and senility

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester As a Protective Agent Against Nephrotoxicity and/or Oxidative Kidney Damage: A Detailed Systematic Review

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, has been attracting the attention of different medical and pharmaceutical disciplines in recent years because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antiviral, antifungal, and antineoplastic properties. One of the most studied organs for the effects of CAPE is the kidney, particularly in the capacity of this ester to decrease the nephrotoxicity induced by several drugs and the oxidative injury after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this review, we summarized and critically evaluated the current knowledge regarding the protective effect of CAPE in nephrotoxicity induced by several special medicines such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclosporine, gentamycin, methotrexate, and other causes leading to oxidative renal injury, namely, I/R models and senility.PubMedWoSScopu

Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia

Background: Dexmedetomidine, an a2-receptor agonist, provides sedation, analgesia, and anxiolytic effects, and these properties make it a potentially useful anesthetic premedication. In this study, we compared the effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam on mask induction and preoperative sedation in pediatric patients. Methods: Ninety children classified as ASA physical status I, aged between 2 and 9, who were scheduled to undergo an elective adenotonsillectomy, were enrolled for a prospective, randomized, and double-blind controlled trial. All of the children received intranasal medication approximately 4560 min before the induction of anesthesia. Group M (n = 45) received 0.2 mg center dot kg-1 of intranasal midazolam, and Group D (n = 45) received 1 mu g center dot kg-1 of intranasal dexmedetomidine. All of the patients were anesthetized with nitrous oxide, oxygen, and sevoflurane, administered via a face mask. The primary end point was satisfactory mask induction, and the secondary end points included satisfactory sedation upon separation from parents, hemodynamic change, postoperative analgesia, and agitation score at emergence. Results: Satisfactory mask induction was achieved by 82.2% of Group M and 60% of Group D (P = 0.01). There was no evidence of a difference between the groups in either sedation score (P = 0.36) or anxiety score (P = 0.56) upon separation from parents. The number of patients who required postoperative analgesia was higher in the midazolam group (P = 0.045). Conclusion: Intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam are equally effective in decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents; however, midazolam is superior in providing satisfactory conditions during mask induction

Female Leuciscus lepidus May Be a New Alternative for Fish Oil Supplements

The proximate composition of male and female Leuciscus lepidus in Beysehir Lake was investigated. The fatty acid profiles of total lipid, phospholipid, and triacylglycerol in muscle and liver of male and female L. lepidus were evaluated by gas chromatography. Proximate analyses showed that meat of male and female L. lepidus had 15.13 +/- 0.04 and 18.75 +/- 0.11\% fat, 20.42 +/- 0.45 and 22.21 +/- 0.56\% protein, 65.47 +/- 1.37 and 61.28 +/- 1.03\% moisture, and 1.51 +/- 0.05 and 1.50 +/- 0.03\% ash, respectively. The percentage of total saturated fatty acids was higher in liver than in muscle, whereas the total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was the lowest in all fatty acid profiles. The phospholipids contained more PUFAs than triacylglycerol. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences (P < 0.05) between male (47.51\%) and female (49.98\%) muscle PUFAs in total lipid. The proportion of omega 3 (omega 3) to omega 6 (omega 6) fatty acids of total lipid was 3.15 in male and 3.68 in female. The ratio is an important indicator for comparing the value of fish oil. Therefore, it was concluded that L. lepidus was considered to be a high quality product for healthy food choice. Additionally, female L. lepidusmay especially be used to produce fish oil supplements from freshwater fish combined with vegetable oils

Influence of atropine therapy on fenthion-induced pancreatitis

Objective. We searched the influence of dose and timing of atropine therapy in fenthion-induced pancreatitis model. Methods. All rats were intoxicated with fenthion except the control group. Two milligrams of atropine was administered for 24 hours in a high dose atropine group while a low dose atropine group received 100 micrograms of atropine for 24 hours. One group received 2 milligrams of atropine in the first four hours of intoxication while the other group received 2 milligrams of atropine in the last four hours before sacrifice. All rats were sacrificed 24 hours after intoxication. Pseudo-cholinesterase and lipase concentrations and histopathological markers of pancreatitis were studied. Results. None of the models in this study completely prevented pancreatitis, however high dose atropine that is administered for 24 hours or the first four hours after intoxication prevented severe pancreatitis. Conclusion. Atropine administration influence on fenthion-induced pancreatitis should be studied for other organophosphates in animals and humans

Adamts12 Depletion By Insulin In Oums-27 Human Chondrosarcoma Cells

Objectives: In this study, we aim to investigate the association between articular damage in diabetes and a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 12 (ADAMTS12) at gene expression and protein levels. Materials and methods: OUMS-27 human chondrosarcoma cells were used to investigate how ADAMTS12 levels changed in vitro condition in presence and absence of insulin. The study included three groups of cells treated with 10 mu g/mL of insulin, and a control group. Cells were incubated with insulin in medium for one day, three days, and seven days. The effects of insulin on ADAMTS12 were investigated at both gene expression and protein levels. The relationships between the variables were tested by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: ADAMTS12 expression was significantly lower in the groups treated with insulin medium for one day and seven day periods (p=0.008 and p=0.008, respectively) compared to the control group. No significant difference was detected in the expression level between the groups kept in insulin medium for three days and the control group (p=0.55). In addition, protein amounts of the groups exposed to insulin medium for one, three, and seven day periods were lower. Conclusion: Insulin reduces the amount of ADAMTS12 which causes delayed recovery of cartilage tissue in the OUMS-27 cell lines utilized in our study for their chondrocytic properties. This reduction due to insulin treatment may contribute to recovery of cartilage tissue.WoSScopu

A disintegrin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 8 expression analysis in OUMS-27 chondrosarcoma cells before and after insulin administration

12-16A disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 8 (ADAMTS8) is a secreted protease with anti-angiogenic properties. It inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced angiogenesis and suppresses fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) induced vascularization. Angiogenesis and extracellular matrix degradation are the key events in tumor progression, and ADAMTS8 is also known to be a member of the aggrecanases family. In the present study, we  investigated the expression levels of ADAMTS8 in chondrosarcoma cells to elucidate the effect of insulin on the tumor cells in terms of ADAMTS production. The OUMS-27 cells were cultured and separately exposed to 10 μmol/mL insulin up to 11 days in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium. After specific time limits (days 1, 3, 7, and 11), the culture was terminated and RNA was isolated using TRIzol reagent and converted to cDNA. The expression levels of ADAMTS8 were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The ADAMTS8 expression in OUMS-27 cells exhibited about 4-fold decrease following insulin treatment on day 11. Statistically significant differences were noted between the control and day 1 (P = 0.008), day 7 (P = 0.047) and day 11 (P = 0.008) groups. The effect of insulin on chondrosarcoma cells in terms of ADAMTS8 expression has not been reported earlier. The decrease in ADAMTS8 expression could be considered as a novel finding that has the potential to explain some pathophysiological mechanisms of tumor cells. Furthermore, the finding could also shed some light on the relationships between matrix degradation and insulin treatment in vitro

Is the Addition of Dexmedetomidine to a Ketamine-Propofol Combination in Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization Sedation Useful?

Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization usually need deep sedation. In this study, 60 children were randomly allocated to receive sedation with either a ketamine-propofol combination (KP group, n = 30) or a ketamine-propofol-dexmedetomidine combination (KPD group, n = 30). Both groups received 1 mg/kg of ketamine and 1 mg/kg of propofol for induction of sedation, and the KPD group received an additional 1 mu g/kg of dexmedetomidine infusion during 5 min for induction of sedation and a maintenance infusion of 0.5 mu g/kg/h. In both groups, 0.2 mg/kg of propofol was administered as a bolus to maintain a Ramsey sedation score (RSS) greater than 4 throughout the procedure. None of the patients in either group required intubation. In the KP group, one patient required mask ventilation. The chin-lift maneuver needed to be performed for eight patients in the KP group and one patient in the KPD group (p 0.05). The mean recovery time was longer in the KP group (5.86 vs 3.13 min; p < 0.05). Adding dexmedetomidine to a ketamine-propofol combination led to a reduced need for airway intervention and to decreased movement during local anesthetic infiltration and throughout the procedure. The recovery time was shorter and hemodynamic stability good in the KPD group

Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage In Human Chondrocytes: The Prophylactic Effects Of Hypericum Perforatum Linn Extract On Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage, Apoptosis And Matrix Remodeling By A Disintegrin-Like And Metalloproteinase With Thrombospondin Motifs Proteinases

Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to examine the protective roles of Hypericum perforatum Linn (HPL) extract on cell viability, DNA damage, apoptosis and a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) proteins in chondrocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a model of chondrocytes subjected to reactive oxygen species attack in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Materials and methods: Human chondrosarcoma cell line (OUMS-27) was used. Cells were incubated with different concentrations of methanolic extract (100, 400, and 750 mu g/ml) of HPL for 36 hours, and then treated with 0.7 mM H2O2 for two hours. Trypan blue was used for evaluation of cell viability, while DNA damage was evaluated by alkaline Comet assay. Caspase-1, ADAMTS5, ADAMTS9, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Results: In vitro H2O2 treatment decreased OUMS-27 cell viability. Cells pretreated with HPL at concentration of 400 mu g/mL were best protected from H2O2 toxicity. Compared to 100 mu g/ml concentration, pretreatment of cells with 750 or 400 mu g/ml of HPL generated more protection against H2O2-induced DNA damage. Hydrogen peroxide application to the cells led to a slight increase in Caspase-1 expression, which shows no apoptosis. The most prominent increase in Caspase-1 level was shown in cells treated with 400 mu g/ml of HPL extract. There was an increase in ADAMTS9 and a decrease in ADAMTS5 levels upon H2O2 administration. Pretreatment with HPL led to more decrease in ADAMTS5 level, indicating the protection of extracellular matrix attacked by these proteinases in cartilage tissue. Conclusion: It can be concluded that HPL has a potential to reverse the negative effects and processes induced by H2O2 in OUMS-27 cells and it can protect the surrounding cartilage area of chondrocytes from oxidative damage, which is suggested to be one of the main molecular factors accused for progression of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.WoSScopu