The Genetic Basis of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review Including Discussion of PPAR-γ

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of the women of reproductive age. Familial clustering of PCOS has been consistently reported suggesting that genetic factors play a role in the development of the syndrome although PCOS cases do not exhibit a clear pattern of Mendelian inheritance. It is now well established that PCOS represents a complex trait similar to type-2 diabetes and obesity, and that both inherited and environmental factors contribute to the PCOS pathogenesis. A large number of functional candidate genes have been tested for association or linkage with PCOS phenotypes with more negative than positive findings. Lack of universally accepted diagnostic criteria, difficulties in the assignment of male phenotype, obscurity in the mode of inheritance, and particularly small sample size of the study populations appear to be major limitations for the genetic studies of PCOS. In the near future, utilizing the genome-wide scan approach and the HapMap project will provide a stronger potential for the genetic analysis of the syndrome

Knowledge and Attitudes of Nurses about Pain Management in Turkey

Background: Despite the growing awareness on pain management, mild and severe pain is still common among hospitalized patients. Inadequate treatment has been mostly linked to health care workers' failure to assess patients’ pain and to intervene appropriately.Objective: To determine the pain management knowledge and attitudes of the nurses working in training and research hospital in Turkey and their relationship to demographic and educational factors. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study design was used. The Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (NKASRP) was used to determine the pain-related knowledge and attitude of the nurses. Results: A total of 246 nurses were included in the study. The percentage working at a surgical unit was 48.8% and 77.2% were staff nurses. Only 11.8% had taken a pain management course and 31.7% had read a book or journal on pain. The rate of correct responses to the NKASRP scale was 39.65% while the mean number of correct answers to all questions was 15.86±7.33 with a range of 0 to 37. A statistically significant difference was found regarding education level, working unit, whether a pain management course had been taken, whether a book or journal on pain had been read, and the evaluation of the nurse's efficacy regarding pain (p<0.05). Conclusion: We found that the nurses did not have adequate knowledge and the positive attitude for pain management although it is a very important part of patient care. We suggest that results be taken into account when the content of graduate and postgraduate training programs is determined and guidelines are prepared

Expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 and toll-like receptor 4 in aggressive periodontitis and in chronic periodontitis

Background and Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the expression and the distribution of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) and of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in tissue samples from patients with periodontal disease (aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis) and from healthy controls

The Impact of Ethical Climate on Relationship between Corporate Reputation and Organizational Identification

AbstractThe achievement of strategic competitive advantage largely depends on employee behavior and employee behavior then, is influenced by the strength of the organizational identification. Thus, organizational identification has been subject to so many studies in literature. Besides, corporate reputation is discussed as another outstanding factor. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the perceived corporate reputation of organization and organizational identification, and how ethical climate underlines such a possible effect on this relation. The survey of this study is conducted on 228 employees of a leading multinational insurance company in Turkey. The obtained data from the questionnaires are analyzed through the SPSS statistical packaged software. Analyses results showed that corporate reputation has significant positive effects on organizational identification and this relation is moderated by two different types of ethical climate

Level of Self-Esteem and Related Factors among First Grade University Students in Healthcare Sağlık Alanında Birinci Sınıf Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Benlik Saygısı Düzeyi ve İlişkili Etmenler

Objective: Self-esteem is expressed as self-respect, self-confidence and self-acceptance. Thisstudy aims to determine the self-esteem level of first grade university students in healthcarefields and related factors. This study is instructive in terms of identifying the factors affecting theself-esteem of future healthcare professionals and looking for solutions for the problems with amultidisciplinary approach.Materials and Methods: The population of the cross-sectional study consists of first yearstudents from Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, School of Physical Therapy andRehabilitation and Vocational School of Health Services. We aimed to reach the entire universe(n=1039) without making a sample selection and 836 students participated in this study. The datawere collected with a questionnaire created using the literature and the Rosenberg Self-EsteemScale.Results: 82.5% of the students had high self-esteem. It was determined that students who studyin physiotherapy and who lived in villages in their childhood had higher self-esteem (p&lt;0.05).Significant relation was found between the student’s perception of self-income and healthstatus, parents’ education level, father’s job, parents’ living together, family’s perception of theeconomic situation, and high self-esteem (p&lt;0.05). Self-esteem level decreased significantly asbody mass index (BMI) increased (p&lt;0.05). Those students who did not drink alcohol, had goodsocial relations with their families and friends and were happy to spend time on social media hadhigher self-esteem (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: Some sociodemographic, familial and anthropometric characteristics of students,positive relationship with their family, friends and social media affect the level of self-esteem. Inorder to solve the lifestyle and social problems that affect students’ self-esteem, it is recommendedto create an educational environment that protects mental health and to provide social support.</p

Enzymatic synthesis of benzoin in supercritical carbon dioxide

Enantioselective enzymatic hydrolysis of benzoyl-benzoin catalyzed by Candida cylindracea (CCL) lipase was carried out in SCCO2. It was found that CCL lipase enantioselectively hydrolyzed the (R)-benzoin. The enantiomeric excess of product (ee(p)) was maximized at 35 degrees C near the critical region 90 bar and obtained 61.3% at a 50% conversion. CCL did not catalyze the reaction in an atmospherical condition

Bleeding due to slippage of elastic band during variceal ligation: successful use of Ankaferd blood stopper

Abstract Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) is a hemostatic agent that induces clot formation by a special protein network which mainly causes powerful erythrocyte aggregation. The use of topical ABS as a hemostatic agent has been approved in Turkey for the management of dermal, external post-surgical and postdental surgery bleeding. ABS has been successfully used in Dieulafoy lesion and bleeding from gastrointestinal neoplasms. We present a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis who developed severe bleeding during an elective endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) session due to immediate band slippage, in whom endoscopic topical application of ABS was associated with cessation of bleeding. The major advantages of ABS appear to be ease of use and lack of side effect