On the exponential map of the Burnside ring

Ankara : The Department of Mathematics and the Institute of Engineering and Sciences of Bilkent University, 2002.Thesis -- Bilkent University, 2002.Includes bibliographical references leaves 63-64.We study the exponential map of the Burnside ring. We prove the equivalence of the three different characterizations of this map and examine the surjectivity in order to describe the elements of the unit group of the Burnside ring more explicitly.Yaman, AyşeM.S

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Curcuminoids with Spectral and Chromatographic Techniques

Curcuminoids are the active ingredients of Curcuma longa L. and are one of the most researched subjects owing to their biological activities. This study focuses on the structural analysis of curcuminoids isolated from turmeric roots using NMR spectroscopy. Turmeric rhizomes were extracted with methanol and hexane. Curcuminoids were isolated using column chromatography, and preparative HPLC-UV. The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis, and GC-MS as well as NMR. Spectral and physicochemical data showed that isolated curcuminoids (ar-turmeron, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) were obtained entirely from the turmeric rhizomes. When both isolation methods are compared, it was concluded that the prep-HPLC method is efficient and practical, while column chromatography is cheap and easy. In both methods, efficient and pure curcuminoids could be easily obtained by using the solvent mixtures specified in this study

Borçka barajı gölü ve çevresi rekreasyonel alan kullanım olanaklarının belirlenmesi yönünde planlama ve tasarım politikalarının oluşturulması

Ekonomik ve politik gelişmeler altında değerlendirdiğimizde; dünyada su kaynaklarının korunması, geliştirilmesi ve toplumun kullanımına sunulmasında, su kaynaklarını geliştirme çalışmaları ve bu bağlamda üretilen projeler ayrı bir önem taşımaktadır. Bu projelerin en önemlilerinden biri barajlardır. Baraj gölleri ülkemizdeki elektrik üretimi, içme ve sulama suyu sağlama, su ürünleri dinlenme ve spor rekreasyon, turizm ve ulaştırma bakımından çok büyük öneme sahiptirler. Ülke kalkınmasında kamusal yarar sağlayan Çoruh Havzası Gelişme Planı kapsamında Artvin İli, Çoruh Nehri üzerinde planlanmış barajlar projelendirilmiş ve uygulamaya konulmuştur. Yeni coğrafyası ile baraj gölleri bu bölgede, insanlara yeni uğraşlar, yeni alışkanlıklar, yeni beceriler kazandıracaktır. Bu anlamda Baraj gölleri, su ve doğayı buluşturan yapılar olarak ele alınmalı ve insanda oluşturacağı pozitif duygular değerlendirilmelidir. Su ve doğa ile bütünleşmiş bir ortam her zaman dinlenme ve rekreasyon olanağı sağlar. Bu anlamda dere, nehir, göl, deniz gibi doğal veya yapay su elemanları varsa, insanların suyun kenarına nasıl getirileceği ve kıyı kenarının nasıl planlanacağı çok önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışma Artvin İli sınırları içinde yapımı tamamlanan Borçka Barajı Gölü ve çevresinin kullanım olanaklarının araştırılması ve bu yönde değerlendirilmesini kapsamaktadır. Çalışma beş aşamadan oluşmaktadır. İlk aşamada literatür ve gerekli dökümanlar derlenmiştir. İkinci aşama arazide yapılan tespit çalışmalarını kapsamakta, üçüncü aşama alana yönelik değerlendirme kriterleri belirlenerek bunlara yönelik haritalarının üretilmesi, dördüncü aşamada elede edilen veriler ışığında potansiyel rekreasyon kullanım olanakları belirlenmiş ve haritalandırılmıştır. Beşinci ve son aşamada alana yönelik sonuç ve öneriler sunulmuştur. Söz konusu çalışma alanın da mevcut doğal ve kültürel kaynak değerlerinin kullanım olanakları incelenerek, baraj çevresinin düzenlenmesine ilişkin kriterler belirlenecek, planlama ve tasarım politikalarının oluşturulması açısından önemlidir.When we examined economic and political effects of water conservation projects, it plays very important roles to development and provides the facilities of water to society usage all around the World. We can notice, dams are one of the most important elements of these projects. Dams reservoir play significance role with different ways such as; provide electricity, table water and irrigation, seafood, relaxing, recreational activities and also we can mention about touristic and sportive recreational facilities of reservoir. As a result of development policy of government, Artvin Coruh Basin Development Plan mainly formed by dams, which are projected among the Coruh River Basin and some of them has already been applied in recent years. With its new geography Coruh Reservoirs provide to local people new activities, habits and skills. In this aspect, we have to handle on Dam reservoir as a bridge, which is connected to people with nature and water positively. Integration of water and nature provide relaxing and recreational facility for users. In this sense, if there are water side such as; river, lake, sea etc. in study areas, collection of people in these area will be very important for planning process and bring people to there. In this study mainly gives information about, investigate usage facility and qualify Borcka Reservoir and around of it in Artvin. This process mainly formed by 5 different stages. Firstly, literature and documents were collected, and then in second part survey had been done in study area. Thirdly, evaluation criteria of field were determined and some maps had been produced, as a result of findings potential possibility has determined and then maps were created. In conclusion, findings and suggestions are submitted. In sum of, natural-cultural source usage value are examined and dam reservoir design criteria will be determined, these are play key role for creation of planning and design policy composition

Borçka barajı gölü ve çevresi rekreasyonel alan kullanım olanaklarının belirlenmesi

First of all, when we qualify under the topic of economic and politic developments; world water supply protection, improvement and present them to usage of people with projects, which are created for this purpose, play a significant role. Dams are one of the most important projects in this idea. Remarkable method of dams are usually positioning narrow and deep part of valley, after that the area, which was already selected built vertically, then it holds to water and forms to reservoir of the dams. The main aims of dams are usually based on irrigation, produce electric, provide industry water and controlling flood. In Turkey dams play very important role for table water, irrigation, producing water products, electricity, resting, sport recreation, tourism and transportation. The improvement planning of Çoruh Basin, which gives many benefit to development of country, there are many dams designed in Artvin and some of them has been already applied. When the economic benefit are handle on, water supply development project are necessary for countries benefits. On the other hand, it is not well enough approaching the dams just the view of technical and economical ways, we also have to use current planning methods and techniques to reach a success. According the World Bank and developed countries other accepted key word for success is, the idea of ‘’sustainable environment’’. As a result of negative effects of urbanisation, industrialisation, increasing population and rush hour; necessity of recreation becomes to more important. The people who want to do different activities, they usually travel different side of their home-country. In this aspect, we have to find different benefits from dams and reservoir with different ways and socio-cultural, economic aims multi functional use of dams becomes to requirement of people. Çoruh Valley is a spectacular part of Artvin Province with its natural and cultural structure. The new landscape formed by the dam lakes in this area will bring new occupations, habits and skills to the local people. The dam lakes should be considered as the structures that combine nature and water and the impact on human emotions must be evaluated. A combined environment always allows a possibility of recreation. In this context, it is important how to bring people to the coastal side and how to plan this coastal if there is natural resources like creek, river, lake and sea. The aim of this project is to investigate the possibilities of land use and evaluate the possibilitiesDünyada su kaynaklarının korunması, geliştirilmesi ve toplumun kullanımına sunulmasına yönelik üretilen projeler günümüzde önem kazanmaktadır. Bu projelerin en önemlilerinden biri barajlardır. Baraj gölleri, ülkemizde içme ve sulama suyu sağlama, su ürünleri üretimi, elektrik üretimi, ulaştırmanın yanında rekreasyon bakımından da önem taşımaktadır. Ülke kalkınmasında kamusal yarar sağlayan Çoruh Havzası Gelişme Planı kapsamında Artvin İl’inde planlanmış barajlar, projelendirilmiş ve uygulamaya konulmuştur. Ülke ekonomisine katkıları dikkate alındığında, su kaynaklarını geliştirme projelerinin uygulanması gerekli görülmektedir. Fakat bu projeleri sadece teknik ve ekonomik olarak ele almanın yeterli olmadığı, günümüz planlama yöntem ve teknikleri kullanılarak, baraj yapımı öncesi ve sonrası “sürdürülebilir bir çevre” olgusunu daima ön planda tutma gerekliliği Dünya Bankası ve gelişmiş ülkelerce de artık kabul görmektedir. Günümüzde, kentlerdeki nüfus artışı ve çalışma koşullarının getirdiği baskılar rekreasyon ihtiyacını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Rekreasyon gereksinimlerini gidermek için insanlar değişik aktiviteler yapmak istemektedir. Baraj ve baraj göllerinin farklı olanaklarının ortaya konması, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik açılardan alternatifli kullanımı artık bir ihtiyaç olarak görülmektedir. Artvin İl’indeki Çoruh Vadisi doğal ve kültürel yapısı ile görülmeye değer yerlerindendir. Barajlar ile değişen coğrafyası, bölgeye yeni bir görünüm ve farklı değerler kazandırmaktadır. Yöre insanına yeni ekonomik fırsatlar, yeni alışkanlıklar ve beceriler kazandıracaktır. Bu kapsamda baraj göllerinin, su ve doğayı buluşturan konumu ele alınmalı ve insani açıdan yaratacağı olumlu duygular değerlendirilmelidir. Çalışmada alanının potansiyel rekreasyonel alan kullanımını belirlemeye yönelik faktörler belirlenmiş ve uygunluk analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre; öneri potansiyel ve rekreasyonel alan kullanım haritaları hazırlanmıştır. Bu Araştırma; Artvin İli sınırları içinde yapımı tamamlanan Borçka Barajı Gölü ve çevresinin kullanım olanaklarının araştırılması ve rekreasyon potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi açısından önemlidir. Araştırma alanının mevcut doğal ve kültürel kaynak değerleri ve kullanım olanakları incelenerek, baraj çevresinin düzenlenmesine ilişkin planlama ve tasarım kararları belirlenecektir

Clinical Approach to Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid

Objectives:To evaluate the demographic data, ocular and systemic findings, clinical management, and outcomes of patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP).Materials and Methods:The medical records of 11 patients diagnosed as having OCP in the ophthalmology department of Ege University between 2008 and 2021 were evaluated retrospectively.Results:The patients’ mean follow-up time was 14±5.76 months. All eyes (100%) had conjunctival involvement and 18 (81.81%) had corneal involvement. According to the Tauber staging system, 7 (31.81%), 8 (36.36%), and 7 (31.81%) of the eyes were stage 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The diagnosis was confirmed in 6 (66.66%) of 9 patients who underwent biopsy. Amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in 7 eyes, entropion surgery in 2 eyes, and electrocauterization for trichiasis in 5 eyes. Systemic involvement was observed in 45.45% (5/11) of patients, most commonly oral mucosal involvement (18.18%). Review of medical records showed that alkylating agents, steroids, and dapsone were used in patients treated before 2020. Mycophenolate mofetil was preferred to be used in combination with corticosteroids. Although treatment responses before mycophenolate mofetil usage could not be evaluated well because of loss to follow-up, 4 (66.66%) of 6 patients who received steroid treatment combined with mycophenolate mofetil showed partial or complete clinical remission. No serious side effects and drug withdrawal were observed.Conclusion:OCP is a sight-threatening autoimmune disease that affects older adults. Although positive biopsy results are valuable for diagnosis, negative results do not exclude the diagnosis. The main treatment is systemic immunosuppressives. Disease activity can be suppressed, especially with early initiation of drug therapy. These patients require a multidisciplinary approach. Especially in the presence of isolated ocular findings, ophthalmologists should be able to make the decision to start immunosuppressive treatment, and systemic treatment should not be delayed

Water-soluble phthalocyanines mediated photodynamic effect on mesothelioma cells

The new peripherally 2-mercaptopyridine tetrasubstituted zinc phthalocyanine (2) and its quaternized derivative (3) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy and mass spectra. The quaternized compound (3) shows excellent solubility in water, which makes it a potential photosensitizer for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yield measurements were conducted on 2-mercaptopyridine appended zinc phthalocyanines in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) for both the non-ionic (2) and quaternized (3) derivatives, and in aqueous media for the water-soluble complex 3. General trends are described for fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields of these compounds. In this study, the cells were incubated with a novel water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine derivative (3) and thereafter the cells were illuminated using broad-band incoherent light source of various energy levels. Cytotoxicity of PDT on two pleural malign mesothelioma cell lines was determined by colorimetric proliferation assay. In addition, after PDT treatment, determination of activity matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were evaluated using gelatine zymography

LIMPRINT study - the Turkish experience

Background: Lymphedema and chronic oedema is a major healthcare problem in both developed and non-developed countries The LIMPRINT study is an international health service based study to determine the prevalence and functional impact in adult populations of member countries of the International Lymphoedema Framework (ILF). Methods: 1051 patients from 8 centers in Turkey were recruited using the LIMPRINT study protocol. Data were collected using the core and module tools which assess the demographic and clinical properties as well as disability and QoL. Results: Most of the Turkish patients were recruited from specialist lymphedema services and were found to be female, housewives and having secondary lymphedema due to cancer treatment. The duration of lymphedema was commonly less than 5 years and most of them had ISL Grade 2 lymphedema. Cellulitis, infection and wounds were uncommon. The majority of patients did not get any treatment or advice before. Most of the patients had impaired QoL and decreased functionality, but psychological support was neglected. Although most had social health security access to Lymphedema centres nevertheless access seemed difficult due to distance and cost. Conclusion: The study has shown the current status and characteristics of lymphedema patients, treatment conditions, the unmet need for the diagnosis and treatment as well as burden of the disease in both patients and families in Turkey. National health policies are needed for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment in Turkey that utilise this informative data

Spmap kullanarak enzim sınıflarının hiyerarşik yaklaşımla tahmini.

Enzymes are proteins that play an important role in biochemical reactions as catalysts. They are classified based on the reaction they catalyzed, in a hierarchical scheme by International Enzyme Commission (EC). This hierarchical scheme is expressed as a four-level tree structure and a unique number is assigned to each enzyme class. There are six major classes at the top level according to the reaction they carried out and sub-classes at the lower levels are further specific reactions of these classes. The aim of this thesis is to build a three-level classification model based on the hierarchical structure of EC classes. ENZYME database is used to extract the information of EC classes and enzymes are assigned to these EC classes. Primary sequences of enzymes extracted from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database are used to extract features. A subsequence based feature extraction method, Subsequence Profile Map (SPMap) is used in this study. SPMap is a method that explicitly models the differences between positive and negative examples. SPMap pays attention to the conserved subsequences of protein sequences in the same class. SPMap generates the feature vector of each sample protein as a probability of fixed-length subsequences of this protein with respect to a probabilistic profile matrix calculated by clustering similar subsequences in the training dataset. In our case, positive and negative training datasets are prepared for each class, at each level of the tree structure. Subsequence Profile Map (SPMap) is used for feature extraction and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are used for classification. Five-fold cross validation is used to test the performance of the system. The overall sensitivity, specificity and AUC values for the six major EC classes are 93.08%, 98.95% and 0.993, respectively. The results at the second- and third- levels are also promising.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Osmanlıda mekteplerin ortaya çıkışı ve gelişmeleri

Anahtar Kelimeler: Osmanlı eğitim, mektepÖZET Osmanlıda Mekteplerin Ortaya Çıkışı ve GelişmeleriOsmanlıda yenileşme hareketleri ilk olarak savaş yenilgileri sebebiyle ordunun modernizasyonunun zorunlu olduğunun anlaşılmasıyla askeri alanda başlamıştır. Bu sebeple 18. yy.da Avrupa etkisiyle açılan ilk mektepler, askeri mektepler olmuştur. Tanzimat dönemine bakılacak olursa, Tanzimat Fermanında eğitimle ilgili bir ifade olmadığı halde bu dönemde ciddi eğitim reformları görülür. Tez, iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde mektep öncesi Osmanlı eğitim sistemi genel olarak değerlendirilmiş, mekteplerin açılmasını hazırlayan öğeler ve devrin eğitim kurumları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde yine dönemin mekteplerine değinilerek okutulan müfredat, öğretmen isimleri ve sınıf mevcutları şematik olarak gösterilmiştir. Keywords: Ottoman Education, MaktabsABSTRACTArise and Advance of Maktabs in Ottoman PeriodInnovation movements in Ottoman period started as a result of the defeats of military. It was understood that the modernization of army was necessary after all, and with this reason the first modern schools (maktabs) opened by the effect of Europe in 18th century were military schools.During Tanzimat (Reforms) period, although the Tanzimat (Reforms) order has no statement about the education, serious education reforms are easily seen at this period.The thesis consists of two chapters: First chapter includes a general glance to Ottoman education system before the opening of maktabs (schools) and opening reasons of these schools, and information about the education foundations of the period. Second chapter includes the maktabs opened during Tanzimat (Reforms) period and schematically shown the schedules, names of teachers and numbers of students studying at these schools