Surgery First Approach

The surgery first approach (SFA) was presented by some researchers in earlier years, but SFA in a combined treatment, with the surgery first and the orthodontic treatment second, as introduced by Brachvogel et al. and by Nagasaka et al., has gained attention in the past 10 years. The advantages of SFA were reported in the literature, and the research into this method continues. One of the advantages of the SFA is the shorter total treatment time, and another is that patients begin treatment with a much improved face esthetically. The protocol of presurgical orthodontics is well known in dentofacial anomalies,  but in SFA, especially in complex cases, the meticulous treatment is very important. In this chapter, SFA will be discussed

Changes in the etiology of chronic liver disease by referral to a FibroScan center: Increasing prevalence of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background and Aim: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with a wide etiological spectrum. Fi-broScan (R) is used for follow-up of fibrosis and steatosis. This single -cen-ter study aims to review the distribution of indications by referral to Fi-broScan (R).Materials and Methods: Demographic characteristics, CLD etiolo-gies, and FibroScan (R) parameters of the patients who were referred to our tertiary care center between 2013 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated.Results: Out of 9345 patients, 4946 (52.93%) were males, and the medi-an age was 48 [18-88] years. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was the most common indication (N=4768, 51.02%), followed by hepa-titis B (N=3194, 34.18%) and hepatitis C (N=707, 7.57%). Adjusting for age, sex, and CLD etiology, the results revealed that patients with old-er age (Odds ratio (OR)=2.908; confidence interval (CI)=2.597-3.256; p<0.001) and patients with hepatitis C (OR=2.582; CI=2.168-3.075; p<0.001), alcoholic liver disease (OR=2.019; CI=1.524-2.674, p<0.001), and autoimmune hepatitis (OR=2.138; CI=1.360-3.660, p<0.001) had increased odds of advanced liver fibrosis compared to NAFLD.Conclusion: NAFLD was the most common indication for referral to FibroScan (R)

Vibration-controlled transient elastography for non-invasive screening of liver fibrosis and steatosis in Turkish patients with A cross-sectional

Background and Aim: The prevalence of fibrosis and steatosis in patients with psoriasis, as determined by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), has not been evaluated in Turkiye to date. The present cross-sectional study aims to present the first systematic screening results, focusing on two primary objectives: 1) establishing the prevalence of fibrosis and steatosis, and 2) identifying independent predictors for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values in this patient population. Materials and Methods: Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had a confirmed diagnosis of psoriasis by a qualified dermatologist based on characteristic signs and symptoms and histopathological examination, and had undergone VCTE for LSM and CAP measurements. Results: The diagnosis of severe fibrosis and cirrhosis - identified by LSM values of 10.0-13.9 and >= 14.0 kPa, respectively - was significantly prevalent (7.0% and 10.1%, respectively) among a sizeable cohort of relatively young Turkish patients with psoriasis (n=328; mean age: 49.5 +/- 12.7 years). Additionally, severe steatosis, as diagnosed by VCTE and characterized by a CAP value exceeding 290 dB/m, was identified in up to 43.3% of patients. Although body mass index (BMI) was the only variable found to be an independently associated with LSM, multivariable linear regression analysis failed to identify any statistically independent predictor of CAP values. Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis in Turkish patients with psoriasis is far from negligible, with BMI identified as an independent risk factor for fibrosis

Effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy-online group skills training during the pandemic: A pilot study

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) was developed by Linehan for clients with borderline personality disorder. It is based on behaviorist approach, Zen Buddhism, and dialectical philosophy. There are four components: individual session, group skills training, telephone coaching, and consultation team. DBT group skill training consists of four modules in total, including mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, stress tolerance, and emotion regulation skills. Many studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of DBT and DBT group skills training. In this study, the effectiveness of 8-week DBT group skill training in university students on depression, anxiety, and stress levels during the pandemic was investigated. In addition, the improvements in emotion regulation, mindfulness, and interpersonal effectiveness skills were observed. A total of 17 women, who were undergraduate students between the ages of 18-24, participated in the study. An online self-evaluation form was sent to the participants and feedback was given to the applicants by phone call. Sociodemographic Information Form, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form, Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire-Short Form, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were sent online to the selected participants before participating in the group skill training, after the 4th session, and at the end of the 8th week. According to the results, DBT group skill training was found to be helpful in reducing depression, anxiety, and stress levels. In addition, an increase was observed in emotion regulation and interpersonal competence skills

In a real-life setting, direct-acting antivirals to people who inject drugs with chronic hepatitis c in Turkey

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) should be treated in order to eliminate hepatitis C virus in the world. The aim of this study was to compare direct-acting antivirals treatment of hepatitis C virus for PWID and non-PWID in a real-life setting. Methods: We performed a prospective, non-randomized, observational multicenter cohort study in 37 centers. All patients treated with direct-acting antivirals between April 1, 2017, and February 28, 2019, were included. In total, 2713 patients were included in the study among which 250 were PWID and 2463 were non-PWID. Besides patient characteristics, treatment response, follow-up, and side effects of treatment were also analyzed. Results: Genotype 1a and 3 were more prevalent in PWID-infected patients (20.4% vs 9.9% and 46.8% vs 5.3%). The number of naïve patients was higher in PWID (90.7% vs 60.0%), while the number of patients with cirrhosis was higher in non-PWID (14.1% vs 3.7%). The loss of follow-up was higher in PWID (29.6% vs 13.6%). There was no difference in the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment (98.3% vs 98.4%), but the end of treatment response was lower in PWID (96.2% vs 99.0%). In addition, the rate of treatment completion was lower in PWID (74% vs 94.4%). Conclusion: Direct-acting antivirals were safe and effective in PWID. Primary measures should be taken to prevent the loss of follow-up and poor adherence in PWID patients in order to achieve World Health Organization’s objective of eliminating viral hepatitis

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels &gt;2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168

Segmenting Turkish University students according to lifestyle and analyzing their perception, motivation and attitude visual arts

Anahtar Kelimeler : Görsel Sanatlar, Sanat Müzesi ve Galerisi, Yaşam Tarzı, Segmentasyon, Algı, Motivasyon, Tutum TÜRK ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİNİN YAŞAM TARZLARINA GÖRE SEGMENTASYONU VE GÖRSEL SANATLARA OLAN ALGI, MOTİVASYON VE TUTUMLARININ ANALİZİ 2006 yılında Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından yapılan bir çalışma, müze ve sanat galerilerini ziyaret etmenin Türkiye’de en az katılımı olan kültürel aktivite olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türk üniversite öğrencilerini yaşam tarzlarına göre segmentlere ayırmak ve her bir segmentin görsel sanatlara karşı algı, motivasyon ve tutumlarının analizini yapmaktır. Çalışmada önlisans, lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora programlarında eğitim almakta olan öğrencilerin seçilmesinin nedeni, yurtdışında yapılan çalışmalarda bireyin eğitim seviyesiyle görsel sanatlara katılımı arasında doğru ilişki bulunmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Çalışma öncesinde literatürde sanat pazarlamasının gelişimi ve sanat pazarlaması içerisinde pazarlama karması incelenmiş ayrıca sanat müşterisinin karakteristik özellikleri ve sanat tüketimini etkileyen faktörlerle ilgili ön araştırma yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerle, birincil veri toplamak için anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Birincil veriler doğrultusunda üniversite öğrencileri yaşam tarzlarına göre segmentlere ayrılmış ve her bir kümenin analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlari son bölümde tartışılmış ve sanat müzeleri ve galerilerine tavsiyeler verilmiştir. Keywords : Visual Arts, Art Museums and Galleries, Lifestyle, Segmentation, Perception, Motivation, Attitude ABSTRACT SEGMENTING TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ACCORDING TO LIFESTYLE AND ANALYZING THEIR PERCEPTION, MOTIVATION AND ATTIUDE TOWARDS VISUAL ARTS The purpose of this study is to segment Turkish university students according to their lifestyles and analyze each segment’s perception, motivation and attitude towards visual arts. According to the survey made by Turkish Statistical Institute in 2006, museum and art gallery visits are the least participated culturial activities in Turkey. Furthermore, several studies conducted abroad showed that higher education level usually leads to higher participation rate to visual arts. Therefore, associate’s degree, undergraduate, graduate and PhD students are choses as the population in this study. Before designing the study, development of arts marketing and marketing mix are analyzed in addition to the characteristics of art customer and factors influencing art consumption. Based on secondary data, a questionnaire is prepared to obtain primary data. Accordingly, university students are segmented according to their lifestyle and each cluster is analyzed. In the last section, findings of the research are interpreted and discussed to offer strategies for art museums and galleries

Entelektüel Sermayeyi Ölçme ve Raporlama Yöntemleri(Methods Used To Measure And Report Intellectual Capital)

In recent years, the increasing importance of intellectual capital has demanded measuring and reporting of intellectual capital in firms.The purpose of this paper is to summarize the features of the intellectual capital measurement and reporting methods and eveluate these methods for Turkish acounting system

2014-2017 Conservations And Restorations Of Haydar Qadi Mosque In Bitola, Macedonıa

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü bütçe imkânlarıylaMakedonya Cumhuriyeti İslam Dini Birliği Başkanlığı, Üsküp Milli KonservasyonMerkezi ve Bitola Milli Enstitüsü ve Müzesi Müdürlüğüyle işbirliği içinde,Makedonya, Bitola’da (Manastır) bulunan Haydar Kadı Camii’nde, onarım öncesimevcut bozulmuşluk durum analizi yaparak, 2014-2017 yılları arasındagerçekleştirilen restorasyon çalışmalarını aktarmaktır. Tek kubbeli, kare planlı camitipolojisindeki yapının kuzey cephesinde üç kubbeli açık son cemaat mekânıbulunmaktadır. Harim içinde farklı dönemlere tarihlenen kalemişi/duvar resimlerimevcuttur. Yapı, inşa edildiği 16. yüzyıldan günümüze kadar birçok kez onarımgörmüş, değişikliğe uğramıştır. Özellikle 1912 Balkan Savaşlarıyla birlikteOsmanlıların bölgeden çekilmesi ve Müslümanların azınlık durumuna düşmesiyleyapı kaderine terk edilmiştir. Birçok kez farklı fonksiyonlarda kullanılan camide,Bitola (Manastır) çevresinden toplanan Osmanlı dönemi kırık mezar taşları ve minberparçaları harimde depolanmış, vandalizmin de etkisiyle, yapı çevresiyle birliktemetruk hale gelmiştir. Yapının restorasyonu süresince gerçekleştirilen araziçalışmaları, araştırmada kullanılan başlıca metot olup, ayrıca literatür, arşiv taramasıve tarihi araştırma metotlarına da başvurulmuştur. Onarımlar;sağlamlaştırma/güçlendirme, temizleme, bütünleme, yeniden yapım, kalemişi/duvarresimleri konservasyonu başlıkları altında sunulmuş, çevre düzenlemesiyle mezar taşıkonservasyonu da aktarılmıştır. Koruma ve projelendirme çalışmalarının anayaklaşımı; yapının özgün ve yapıya mal olmuş dönem ekleri ile birlikte yapım tekniği, malzeme ve mimari öğelerini koruyarak, niteliksiz eklerin kaldırılması ve yapısalgüçlendirme olmuştur. Bu çalışmayla yapıdaki onarım öncesi bozulmalar ve onarımesnasında karşılaşılan mimari detay, kalemişi/duvar resimlerine dair tanımlamalar vebulgular bilim dünyasıyla paylaşılmaktadır. Yapının geçmiş dönem onarımları veiçinde bulunduğu bölgenin tarihi, etnik, kültürel kimliği de araştırılarak mimari vebezemeler üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu araştırma, aynı zamandaMakedon ve Türk koruma uzmanlarının bilgi ve tecrübe paylaşımı açısından daönemlidir.The aim of this research is to conduct condition assessment of deteriorationsof Haydar Qadi Mosque in Bitola, Macedonia prior to beginning of restoration worksand explain 2014-2017 restorations conducted with the budget of Directorate Generalof Foundations in cooperation with the Republic of Macedonia’s Islamic ReligiousCommunity, Skopje National Conservation Center and Bitola National Institute andMuseum Directorate. There is a three-bay portico on northern side of the mosque,built on a square base. There are wall paintings/ decorations dated various periodsinside the mosque. The mosque has been repaired and made alterations many timessince it was constructed in the 16th century. Especially with the outburst of BalkanWars in 1912 and resultant withdrawal of Ottomans from the region, Muslims fellinto minority and the building was abandoned to its faith. The mosque was used forvarious purposes for many times. Together with broken pieces of minbar, gravestonescollected all around Bitola was were piled up inside the building that was laterabandoned and vandalized. Along with fieldworks conducted during the restorationprocess of the mosque, which constituted the primary method of the study, relatedliterature, archival, and historical research have also been conducted during the study.The repairs were presented under following headings; consolidation/strengthening,cleaning, completion, reconstruction, conservation of decorations/wall paintings.Landscaping, and conservation of gravestones has also been explained. The basicapproach in conservation applications and project works has been to preserve theoriginal and different period additions reflecting original construction techniques,materials and architectural elements, clean unoriginal additions and structuralstrengthening. Pre-restoration deteriorations of building, findings and depictionsrelated to architectural details, decorations, wall paintings discovered during therepairs have been shared with scientific world. Previous restoration interventions andthe effect of historical, ethnical, and cultural identity of the region on architecture anddecorations have also been evaluated. This research is also important in terms ofexchange of knowledge and experience between Turkish and Macedonianpreservation experts