32 research outputs found
Exploring Pre-Colonial Resource Control of Individual Sami Households
In order to understand the use and control of resources by indigenous households and bands, information on territorial division is crucial. However, although indigenous resource use has been quantified in several studies, such information has usually been lacking. A unique map provides this kind of information for the Swedish Sami. Drawn by Jonas Persson Gedda in 1671, before the Swedish state started to interfere with Sami territorial division, it shows the borders of 37 household territories. We have combined the geographical information from Geddaâs map with historical sources and modern land survey data to quantify the resources controlled by each household and relate them to taxation. Three crucial resources are identified: alpine heath together with subalpine birch forest, pine-dominated forests, and fishing waters. Only the fishing resource showed any correlation to taxation, which underlines its importance as the main subsistence mode, at least for the forest Sami. Mountain Sami, who lived primarily on reindeer husbandry, controlled abundant alpine heath and subalpine birch forests that were used as summer pastures, but virtually no pine-dominated forests with winter pastures. The necessary winterpastures were located in the territories of the forest Sami, who controlled extensive pine-dominated forests and who were able to combine reindeer herding and wild reindeer hunting.Pour comprendre lâutilisation et la gestion des ressources des groupes de peuples indigĂšnes, il est essentiel de disposer dâinformations sur la division territoriale. Cependant, si lâutilisation des ressources des peuples indigĂšnes a fait lâobjet de plusieurs analyses quantitatives, les informations sur la division territoriale font le plus souvent dĂ©faut. Pour les Samis de SuĂšde, une carte unique fournit ce genre dâinformation. Ătablie par Jonas Persson Gedda en 1671, avant que lâĂtat suĂ©dois nâait commencĂ© Ă intervenir dans la division territoriale des Samis, la carte montre les limites de 37 territoires familiaux. Nous avons alliĂ© les informations gĂ©ographiques de la carte de Gedda Ă des sources historiques et Ă des donnĂ©es topographiques modernes pour quantifier les ressources contrĂŽlĂ©es par chaque famille et les lier au systĂšme de taxation. Trois ressources naturelles fondamentales ont ainsi Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es : les landes alpines avec les forĂȘts subalpines de bouleau, les pinĂšdes et les pĂȘcheries. Il appert que seules les pĂȘcheries Ă©taient corrĂ©lĂ©es au systĂšme de taxation, ce qui souligne leur importance en tant que mode de subsistance, pour les Samis de la forĂȘt Ă tout le moins. Les Samis des montagnes, qui vivaient surtout de lâĂ©levage des rennes, contrĂŽlaient les landes alpines et les forĂȘts subalpines de bouleau abondantes qui Ă©taient utilisĂ©es comme pĂąturages estivaux, mais pratiquement pas de pinĂšdes offrant des pĂąturages hivernaux. Les pĂąturages nĂ©cessaires se trouvaient chez les Samis de la forĂȘt, qui contrĂŽlaient de vastes pinĂšdes et savaient combiner tant lâĂ©levage des rennes que la chasse aux rennes sauvages
Interactions between local and global drivers determine long-term trends in boreal forest understorey vegetation
Aim Global change effects on forest ecosystems are increasingly claimed to be context dependent, indicated by interactions between global and local environmental drivers. Most examples of such context dependencies originate from temperate systems, while limited research comes from the boreal biome. Here we set out to test if interactions between climate warming, nitrogen deposition, land-use change resulting in increasing forest density, and soil pH drive long-term changes in understorey vegetation in boreal forests. Location Sweden. Time period 1953-2012. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods We used long-term (50 years) National Forest Inventory data on forest understorey vegetation in Sweden to model the combined effects of climate warming, nitrogen deposition, increase in forest density (tree basal area), and soil pH. Results Our results identify increasing temperature, nitrogen deposition and denser, shadier forest conditions as the main drivers of understorey vegetation changes during this time period. More importantly, we found that these effects varied with local conditions, that is, that the change towards a more nitrophilic understorey vegetation was more pronounced at low than high soil pH. Forest density was an important modulator of nitrogen deposition and temperature increase, with effects generally decreasing with density. Decreased cover of ericaceous dwarf shrubs was driven by both forest density and nitrogen deposition, with a stronger effect at low than at high pH. Main conclusions Our results highlight that to understand forest ecosystems' response to global change, and to make adequate management decisions to mitigate the effects of global change, we need to understand how changes in local environmental factors (forest density and soil pH) interact with global-scale drivers (nitrogen deposition and climate warming). Neglecting such interactions will lead to incorrect estimations of effects. In our case, we would for example, have underestimated the eutrophication effects on acid soils, which constitute a considerable part of the boreal biome
Enjoying tactile touch and gaining hope when being cared for in intensive careâA phenomenological hermeneutical study
Outreach initiatives operated by universities for increasing interest in science and technology
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in European Journal of Engineering Edutaion on 2016, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/03043797.2015.1121468Since the 1990s, the low number of students choosing to study science
and technology in higher education has been on the societal agenda
and many initiatives have been launched to promote awareness
regarding career options. The initiatives particularly focus on increasing
enrolment in the engineering programmes. This article describes and
compares eight European initiatives that have been established and
operated by universities (and in some cases through collaboration with
other actors in society). Each initiative is summarised in a short essay
that discusses motivation, organisation, pedagogical approach, and
activities. The initiatives are characterised by comparing the driving
forces behind their creation, how the initiative activities relate to the
activities at the university, size based on the number of participants and
cost per participant and pedagogical framework. There seem to be two
main tracks for building outreach activities, one where outreach
activities are based on the universityâs normal activities, and one where
outreach activities are designed specifically for the visiting students.Gumaelius, L.; Almqvistb, M.; Arnadottir, A.; Axelsson, A.; Conejero, JA.; GarcĂa Sabater, JP.; Klitgaard, L.... (2016). Outreach initiatives operated by universities for increasing interest in science and technology. European Journal of Engineering Education. 41(6):589-622. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2015.1121468S58962241
People and pines 1555â1910: integrating ecology, history and archaeology to assess long-term resource use in northern Fennoscandia
Forest landscape change in boreal Sweden 1850-2000
In the project described in this thesis, structural changes that have occurred in the boreal Swedish forest during the last 150 years were studied through analysis of historical records. Historical perspectives on forest landscapes provide a better understanding of natural disturbance dynamics as well as anthropogenic changes and a frame of reference for assessing current ecological patterns and processes. The studies were performed at various spatial scales, and were conducted in two different forest regions in boreal Sweden. In the district of Lycksele, VĂ€sterbotten county, changes were studied from stand to regional scale within the same geographic context. In the county of Dalarna changes in the age distribution of large diameter trees were studied at county and landscape scales. Different types of spatially explicit historical data were used, including delineation and forest surveys, early timber counts and data from the first Swedish National Forest Inventory. Quantitative data on changes in logging and forest management were also included, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to integrate various types of historical records and to perform spatial analysis at different scales. During the last 100 years a sharp reduction in complexity of the forest structure has occurred at all spatial levels. A multi-aged forest matrix has been replaced by a patchwork of forest stands of various ages. Most stands are younger than 100 years and dominated by even-aged forest. The current landscape structure created by forest management differs radically from the earlier landscape structure created by fire disturbance. At the end of the 19th century, deciduous patches were large and occurred at recently burned areas at higher altitudes. Today deciduous stands are distributed more evenly in the landscape and are connected to logging disturbance. Deciduous trees have been systematically removed during the 20 m century and today most deciduous trees occur in young stands. Both mean tree age and age variation of large diameter trees has decreased and nowadays large trees older than 400 years are rare in the boreal forest. Historical records provide unique spatially explicit information on forest structure at various spatial levels that could not be gathered in any other way. Forest surveys are useful for describing historical landscape structure and structural changes from larger stand (>100 hectares) up to regional levels. At smaller spatial scales the resolution of the forest survey maps are too coarse and analysis should be complemented with other types of historical records or other historical methods. A systematic approach to increase our knowledge of previous landscape patterns and regional variation in disturbance dynamics is presented. "Retrospective gap analysis" involves local analysis of historical records and integration of historical data in ecological landscape planning. In intensively managed landscapes the method can provide a framework for multi-objective forest management and restoration efforts at regional level. The method can also be used to develop regional goals for strategic conservation planning, or to refine goal-setting in forest certification
AnvÀndarnas synpunkter pÄ IT-lösningar inom vÄrden : Sammanfattade erfarenheter frÄn utvÀrderingar vid eHÀlsoinstitutet 2010-2012
Vid eHÀlsoinstitutet, Linnéuniversitetet i Kalmar, bedrivs utveckling av utvÀrderingsmetodik samt utvÀrderingar inom eHÀlsa i syfte att underlÀtta anvÀndningen och implementation av IT inom hÀlso- och sjukvÄrd. UtvÀrderingarna har gjorts som uppdrag frÄn framför allt offentliga men Àven privata aktörer. I denna sammanfattning redovisas summariskt resultaten av de projekt dÀr aspekten anvÀndbarhet efterfrÄgades. Arbetet har begrÀnsats till resultat frÄn uppdrag gjorda fr.o.m. 2010 och sammanfattningen Àr avsedd att utgöra underlag för det pÄgÄende anvÀndbarhetsprojektet, som socialdepartementet initierat
Utdata ur Cosmic - Psykiatriförvaltningen, Landstinget i Kalmar lÀn : UtvÀrderingsrapport
Psykiatriförvaltningen hos Landstinget i Kalmar lÀn har sedan driftstarten av vÄrdinformationssystemet Cosmic vÄren 2006 inte kunnat fÄ önskad utdata ur systemet. Detta har medfört att Landstinget bl.a. inte kunnat lÀmna statistiska rapporter till de nationella kvalitetssystem som Socialstyrelsen och Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting ansvarar för. eHÀlsoinstitutet i Kalmar fick i uppdrag att utvÀrdera orsakerna till Psykiatriförvaltningens problem med utdata. Datainsamling skedde via intervjuer, möten och tidigare resultat producerat av VÄrd-IT projektet. Intervjuerna gjordes initialt med personal frÄn Cosmicförvaltningen respektive vÄrdverksamheten. Den enkÀt som planerades genomfördes dock inte eftersom intervjuerna gav tillrÀcklig information för att fÀrdigstÀlla en rapport. Uppdragsgivaren tog, efter att ha lÀst rapporten, beslut om att uppdraget skulle avslutas med den information som hunnit samlas in. Föreliggande utvÀrdering visar pÄ att de tekniska förutsÀttningarna inte fanns för landstinget att fÄ utdata ur Cosmic. FrÄn intervjuerna framkom det bl.a. att det förekom fel i Cosmic Intelligence men Àven prestandaproblem gÀllande landstingets servrar. Till detta tillkommer Àven att landstinget Ànnu inte anvÀnder enhetliga termer och begrepp. Cosmic Intelligence Àr den del av Cosmic som hanterar utdata. Dess funktion Àr att extrahera inmatad data och skapa rapporter med det utdata man önskar. Problemen med Cosmic Intelligence tillsammans med de andra problemen gav en tydlig orsaksbild. Hur stor del av utdataproblemet dessa faktorer individuellt medför kan dock inte föreliggande utvÀrdering sÀga. Landstinget har inte dokumenterat problembilden för utdata och inte heller utfört systematiska tester. De nÀmnda problemomrÄdena Àr dock kÀnda för landstinget vilket kan lÀsas i slutrapporten av implementeringsprojektet VÄrd-IT. Psykiatriförvaltningen anvÀnder idag, till skillnad frÄn andra klinker, inte det administrativa diagnosverktyget i Cosmic. AnvÀndningen av detta skulle underlÀtta utdata gÀllande diagnos. Att Psykiatriförvaltningen inte har infört diagnosverktyget beror pÄ att detta verktyg inte hade levererats av leverantören Cambio vid den tidpunkt dÄ Cosmic infördes pÄ Psykiatriförvaltningen samt att de inte var beroende av diagnosutdata, dÄ deras ersÀttningssystem inte krÀvde det. Cosmic förvaltningsenhet Àr fortfarande under uppbyggnad och har inte tillrÀckligt med resurser för att samtidigt arbeta strategiskt, drifta systemet, supporta anvÀndarna och parallellt med detta bÄde testa systemet och interagera med leverantören. Detta har Àven medfört att de tydliga rutiner och arbetsprocesser mellan vÄrdverksamheten och Cosmicförvaltningen, som skulle behövas för att underlÀtta kommunikationen, informationen och förbÀttringsarbetet inom landstinget, Ànnu inte har arbetats fram.Utdata ur Cosmi