Investigation of the role of chemical composition on the weathering and emulsification behaviour of North Sea crude oil

The exploration, production, transportation and refining of petroleum often pose great technical and environmental challenges to the oil and gas industry. It is therefore extremely important to reliably predict and control fluid behaviour, in order to optimize production cost and for purposes of potential environmental pollution in the oil and gas operational activities. The investigations in this work focuses upon North Sea crude oils. In view of the fact that the North Sea crude oils are derived from the same source rock (Kimmeridge), they would be expected to have the same chemistry, but however, they tend to behave differently. The objectives of the research were to develop a better understanding of the effect of temperature and time on evaporation rate and its role in modifying the rate of weathering of North Sea crude oils on seawater. In this research, the chemistry of the oils was investigated to see the relationship to their emulsification behaviour. In the first part of this thesis, the weathering behaviour of four North Sea crude oils were investigated, in particular the evaporation, using a novel evaporation method. It was observed that the rate of evaporation varied between the North Sea oils. Evaporation of emulsified oil differed to unemulsified oil. North Sea crude oils of different states of weathering were emulsified and their viscosities and water contents measured. The four oils produced emulsion types of different viscosities and states of stability. The effects of degree of weathering of oils on emulsion states were assessed. The chemistry of the four North Sea crudes was investigated using a range of analytical techniques. The oils were fractionated by SARA analysis to produce saturates, aliphatic, resins and asphaltene fractions, prior to chemical analyses, using a range of analytical techniques (The crude oils were fractionated and the fractions analyzed for their chemical compositions). The compositions of the four crude oils differed to one another. From these analyses, a number of parameters were selected to characterize the oils. These were polarity, aromaticity and alkyl side chain. These data were used in a modeling study. The asphaltenes from the North Sea crudes investigated were substituted into both synthetic and model oils to study the effect on emulsification. It was observed that the asphaltenes had an effect on the emulsification behaviour. The behavior of modeled asphaltene structures based on the chemical characterization data was found to correlate with the emulsification behavior of the North Sea crudes investigatedAkwa Ibom State University of Technology (AKUTECH

Utilization of Digital Forensics in Proving the Crime of Disseminating Indecent Videos Through Facebook Social Media in the Legal Area of West Kalimantan Police

The research entitled: "Utilization of Digital Forensics in Proving the Crime of Disseminating Indecent Videos Through Facebook Social Media in the KALBAR Police Legal Area" aims to find out and describe the implementation of information and research results in Pontianak city and to find out and analyze the utilization of digital forensics in proving the crime of spreading indecent videos through Facebook social media in the KALBAR police jurisdiction. This research was conducted using a sociological juridical approach method, namely examining and processing data from field research by starting from normative legal aspects supported by documents related to the problem in the form of regulations and cases related to the subject matter Based on research and data analysis, information can be obtained that the implementation of Digital Forensics related to the criminal act of spreading immoral videos through Facebook social media is a process of investigating and analyzing digital evidence related to the crime. In this case, the digital evidence that is the focus is an immoral video that spreads through the Facebook social media platform. Discussed in several important topics, namely; 1. The Role of Digital Forensics Related to the Crime of Dissemination of Indecent Video Through Facebook Social Media, 2. What Factors Become Obstacles in Proof Through Digital Forensics Related to the Crime of Dissemination of Indecent Video Through Facebook Social Media, 3. What Efforts Have Been Made in Optimizing Digital Forensic Evidence Related to the Crime of Immoral Video Dissemination Through Facebook. The conclusion that can be conveyed in this research is that the application of digital forensics involves several important stages, including the identification of digital evidence, storage of digital evidence, analysis of digital evidence, and presentation of findings. Digital forensics has a crucial role in proving legal cases. In Indonesia, the evidentiary system requires a minimum of two valid pieces of evidence and the conviction of the Judge to determine the guilt of the defendant. In the case of cyber crime, electronic evidence must meet both formal and material requirements to be considered valid and admissible in court. Therefore, the application of digital forensics in the investigation of cyber crime, especially the distribution of immoral videos, has an important role in finding relevant electronic evidence and evidence for the judicial process

Comparative study of oil recovery improvement by sterilization process using firewood and electricity

This study presents a palm fruits sterilization unit that was designed for firewood and electricity independently as sources of energy and its performance was evaluated. 2kg of palm fruit at 100 oC for 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 minutes using steam generated from electricity was evaluated. The yield of the palm fruits was also evaluated at 100 oC for 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 minutes using firewood to cook palm fruits directly in water. Further laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the quality of oil obtained from fresh palm fruits cooked with steam and fresh palm fruits cooked in water. The maximum oil fluid recovery percentage at 100 oC for 120 minutes sterilization time using electricity energy source and firewood energy source were 27.1 and 26.0 % respectively. The experimental result shows that at 100 oC and 90 minutes of sterilization using firewood and electricity, oil released from the digested fibre accounted for 46 % (111.33 g) and 54 % (130.5 g) of the total oil content respectively. The free fatty acid ,content peroxide value and moisture content of the oil sample cooked with steam and in water at 100 oC for 90 minutes were 3.9 %, 8.5 (O2/kg), 0.11 % and 4.4 %, 10.3 (O2/kg), 5.5 % respectively. The boiler efficiency of 99.5% was achieved for the unit. Keywords: Palm fruit, sterilization, oil recovery, boiler, firewood, electricity

Elisitasi Kebutuhan Sistem Informasi E-Sertifikasi Next Gen

PT Profio Teknova Indonesia adalah perusahaan privat yang bergerak di bidang jasa perangkat lunak dan layanan IT yang didirikan pada tahun 2015. PT Profio Teknova Indonesia menjadi salah satu pihak yang berkontribusi dalam proses pembuatan Sistem Informasi E-Sertifikasi Next Gen milik Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika RI. E-Sertifikasi Next Gen merupakan sebuah pembaharuan dari Layanan Sistem Informasi E- sertifikasi sebelumnya. Sistem Informasi E-Sertifikasi bertujuan untuk mempermudah ketentuan pelayanan operasional sertifikasi alat atau perangkat telekomunikasi. Kemenkominfo RI bekerja sama dengan PT Profio Teknova Indonesia untuk melakukan elisitasi kebutuhan E-Sertifikasi Next Gen dengan memperhatikan Layanan Sistem Informasi E-Sertifikasi sebelumnya dan melakukan dokumentasi dari hasil elisitasi kebutuhan yang berupa DDL dan ERD dari basis data Sistem Informasi E-Sertifikasi sebelumnya dalam bentuk Dokumen DPPL

The Role of Busines Actors in Ensuring Halal Products

The number of certified halal products from business actors in the area of the South Pontianak Sub-district tends to be low. This study aimed to determine the role of business actors in implementing halal product guarantees in the South Pontianak city area with the title of the role of business actors in guaranteeing halal products in the South Pontianak sub-District area. This type of research is a qualitative approach using a juridical sociological system. The population in this study consists of business actors in the South Pontianak Sub-district area. Data collection techniques involved observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The results of this study indicate that business actors in ensuring halal products in the South Pontianak sub-district area have not been optimally implemented as they experienced some obstacles; firstly, business actors are unaware of the obligation to register their products; secondly, the registration process for Halal certification is difficult and costly. The efforts made by business actors in ensuring halal products are by joining the MSME group, which assists in product registration, obtaining halal certificates, and receiving guidance and socialization from the government. 

Magnetic susceptibility of vanadium garnets NaPb2Co2V3O12 and NaPb2Ni2V3O12

Vanadium garnets NaPb2Co2V3O12 and NaPb2Ni2V3O12 have been successfully synthesized. The X-ray diffraction experiments indicate that these compounds have the garnet structure of cubic symmetry of space group Ia3?d(Oh10) with the lattice constant of 12.742 Å (NaPb2Co2V3O12) and 12.666 Å (NaPb2Ni2V3O12), respectively. The magnetic susceptibility of NaPb2Ni2V3O12 shows the Curie Weiss paramagnetic behavior between 4.2 and 350 K. The effective magnetic moment μeff of NaPb2Ni2V3O12 is 3.14 μB due to Ni2+ ion at A-site and the Weiss constant is -3.67 K (antiferromagnetic sign). For NaPb2Co2V3O12, the simple Curie Weiss law cannot be applicable. The ground state is the spin doublet E2(t26e) and the first excited state is spin quartet T4(t25e), according to Tanabe-Sugano energy diagram on the basis of octahedral crystalline symmetry. This excited spin quartet state just a bit higher than ground state influences strongly the complex temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility for NaPb2Co2V3O12

Van Vleck paramagnetism of the thulium garnet Tm3Al5O12

The magnetic susceptibility of the garnet-type single crystal Tm3Al5O12 exhibits the typical Van Vleck temperature independent paramagnetism below ≈8 K. The temperature dependence of the susceptibility over the range 2.0–300 K has been analyzed on the assumption that the cubic crystal-electric-field dominates the energy level on 3H6 (J=6) ground multiplet for Tm3+ ion having 12-electrons in 4f shell. The ground state of the 3H6is nonmagnetic with Γ2 singlet, avoiding the Kramers doublet. The energy separation between Γ2 and the first excited state Γ(2)5 triplet is evaluated to be 68.0 K. The whole energy interval Δ between Γ2 and the highest state Γ1 in 3H6 is estimated to be 339.5 K

Ferromagnetism and the metal-insulator transition in the thiospinel Cu(Ir1-xCrx)2S4

A thiospinel CuIr2S4 exhibits a temperature-induced metal-insulator (M-I) transition at 230 K with a simultaneous spin-dimerization and charge-ordering transition although a three-dimensional system. On the other hand, CuCr2S4 has the same spinel structure without any structural transformations. CuCr2S4 remains metallic and is ferromagnetic with the Curie temperature TC≃377 K. In order to see the effect of substituting Cr for Ir on the M-I transition, we have carried out a systematic experimental study of electrical and magnetic properties of Cu(Ir1-xCrx)2S4 system. The M-I transition temperature decreases steeply with increasing Cr-composition x and this transition is not detected above x≃0.05. The value of TC decreases with decreasing x from 1.0, then TC disappears below x≃0.20. The ferromagnetic state suggests the non-collinear spin alignment. In the intermediate composition range over x=0.08 to 0.20, the B-site undergoes a local crystal distortion around 180 K, where the energy level t2g splits into lower symmetry. Then the low-spin state within the t2g subspace is realized for Cr3+ ion with s=1/2. The magnetic state of Cr3+ ion indicates a crossover from high temperature s=3/2 to low temperature s=1/2 state around 180 K

Antiferromagnetic phase transition in garnet-type AgCa2Co2V3O12 and AgCa2Ni2V3O12

Antiferromagnetic phase transition in two vanadium garnets AgCa2Co2V3O12 and AgCa2Ni2V3O12 has been found and investigated extensively. The heat capacity exhibits sharp peak due to the antiferromagnetic order with the Néel temperature TN = 6.39 K for AgCa2Co2V3O12 and 7.21 K for AgCa2Ni2V3O12, respectively. The magnetic susceptibilities exhibit broad maximum, and these TN correspond to the inflection points of the magnetic susceptibility χ a little lower than T(χmax). The magnetic entropy changes from zero to 20 K per mol Co2+ and Ni2+ ions are 5.31JK-1 mol-Co2+-ion-1 and 6.85JK-1 mol-Ni2+-ion-1, indicating S = 1/2 for Co2+ ion and S=1 for Ni2+ ion. The magnetic susceptibility of AgCa2Ni2V3O12 shows the Curie-Weiss behavior between 20 and 350K with the effective magnetic moment μef f= 3.23μBNi2+-ion-1 and the Weiss constant&thetas; = -16.4 K (antiferromagnetic sign). Nevertheless, the simple Curie-Weiss law cannot be applicable for AgCa2Co2V3O12. The complex temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility has been interpreted within the framework of Tanabe-Sugano energy diagram, which is analyzed on the basis of crystalline electric field. The ground state is the spin doublet state 2E(t26e) and the first excited state is spin quartet state 4T1(t25e2) which locates extremely close to the ground state. The low spin state S = 1/2 for Co2+ ion is verified experimentally at least below 20K which is in agreement with the result of the heat capacity