Information Measures and some Distribution Approximations.

The Fisher and Kullback- Liebler information measures were calculated from the approximation of a binomial distribution by both the Poisson and the normal distributions and are applied to the approximation of a Poisson distribution by a normal distribution. In this paper the concept of relative loss in information due to approximating the distribution of a random variable by that of another distribution of is introduced, and this concept is used to determine the value of the sample size for which the relative loss in information measure is less than a given level

Effects of Some Essential Oils on Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production

The present study aimed at investigating the effects of some essential oils on inhibiting fungal growth of A. flavus and aflatoxin production. Clove oil was found as the best among the six different oils tested against the radial growth at the concentration of 0.05. mL/100ml. However the other oils were also significantly better than the control except the Pumpkin oil. Different concentrations (0.00, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 ml/100ml) of only three of the oils were tested against the radial growth of A. flavus. Clove and Cumin oils were significantly effective than the control at all these concentrations. Although Pumpkin oil was slightly more effective than the control at its higher concentration (0.05) ml/100ml), it was not effective at its lower concentrations (0.01 and 0.03 ml/100ml). Clove oil was also the best in suppressing mycelial growth at the concentration of 0.05 ml/100ml. However, the other oils were also significantly better than the control, while, Pumpkin oil was non-effective. Spore germination was also affected by the oils tested. Clove oil gave complete inhibition at its higher concentration followed by Cumin, Rehan, Garlic and Desert date, while Pumpkin oil was the least one. Aflatoxin production was highly affected by the essential oils tested. Clove and Cumin exhibited a complete inhibition, followed by Rehan; Garlic and Desert date while Pumpkin oil was non-effective

SubmergeStyleGAN:Synthetic Underwater Data Generation with Style Transfer for Domain Adaptation

Underwater computer vision applications are challenged by limited access to annotated underwater datasets. Additionally, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on in-air datasets do not perform well underwater due to the high domain variance caused by the degradation impact of the water column. This paper proposes an air-to-water dataset generator to create visually plausible underwater scenes out of existing in-air datasets. SubmergeStyleGAN, a generative adversarial network (GAN) designed to model attenuation, backscattering, and absorption, utilizes depth maps to apply range-dependent attenuation style transfer. In this work, the generated attenuated images and their corresponding original pairs are used to train an underwater image enhancement CNN. Real underwater datasets were used to validate the proposed approach by assessing various image quality metrics, including UCIQE, UIQM and CCF, as well as disparity estimation accuracy before and after enhancement. SubmergeStyleGAN exhibits a faster and more robust training procedure compared to existing methods in the literature

Proposing an Approximate Mathematical Model to Conduct the Calculations of Radioactive Cs137 in the Plant

This study aims at calculating theoretically the radioactive of cesium Cs 137 in the plant of Nineveh governorate by selecting 50 positions as samples of the study. The calculations are carried out by constructing a mathematical model that determines theoretically the radioactive of cesium Cs 137in the plant. In this paper, the main features and process of mathematical modeling is stated and used clearly in the process of constructing the mathematical model which conducts the determination of the radioactive of cesium Cs 137. The values calculated by the proposed mathematical model show that Cs 137 radioactive range is: (1.0832 in (A42 & A42) – 4.1020 in (A48)) Bq/kg in plant. These calculations are conducted by comparing the results, obtained from the constructed model, with the values of other references. The result of this comparison shows good agreement with other literatures

Study on prevalence of internal parasites in semi- intensive dairy production system of Sudan

A cross sectional study was conducted in the dairy cattle of Al-Rodwan dairy project in Omdurman town during the three different seasons of the year. The results of the faecal examinations (n-290) showed that the prevalence of the internal parasites was 16, 8.42, and 7.36% for dry cool, dry hot, and wet hot season, respectively. The prevalence of coccidiosis was found to be 13, 4.21, and 2.10% for dry cool, dry hot, and wet hot season, respectively, while the prevalence of Fasciolosis was 1, 4.21, and 4.21% for dry cool, dry hot, and wet hot season, respectively. Statistically, no association between season and the prevalence of internal parasites (P> 0.05). A positive association (P< 0.01) between the milk yield and the occurrence of internal parasites was observed (infection with internal parasite reduce milk yield of the animal). Similarly, an association was recorded for the breed and age of the animal with infection of internal parasites (P< 0.05). Application of odds ratio (OR) indicated that breed was considered to be a protective factor (OR = 0.294), while age of the animal was considered to be a risk factor (OR = 3.638) for presence of internal parasites

Trends of Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes of Notified Cases in Three Refugee Camps in Sudan: A Four-year Retrospective Analysis, 2014–2017

Background: Refugees are vulnerable to tuberculosis (TB) infection. Tracking of program performance is needed to improve TB care and prevention. The objective of this study was to assess the trends of TB treatment outcomes of notified cases in three refugee camps in Sudan from 2014 to 2017. Methods: This study was a historical cohort study. Sex, age, type of TB, TB patient category, and treatment outcome of all TB cases registered in three refugee camps (Al Kashafa, Shagarab, Wadsherify) from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017 were collected from the TB register. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore factors for unsuccessful TB treatment. Results: A total of 710 TB cases of which 53.4% were men, 22.1% children (<15 years), and 36.2% extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) were registered. Overall, the TB treatment success rate was 75.7% with a declining trend from 86.2% in 2015 to 63.5% in 2017. On average, 11.4% were lost to follow-up (LTFU), 6.6% died, 5.9% were not evaluated, and in 0.3% the treatment failed. Being 15–24 years old and having EPTB were significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome. Conclusion: The treatment success rate in the refugee camp in 2017 (63.5%) was far lower than the national treatment success rate (78%) and the End TB global target (≥90%) that needs to be improved. LTFU, died, and not evaluated outcomes were high which indicated the necessity to improve the TB treatment program

The Khartoum revolving drug fund: an evaluation of sustainability, quality and access

sch_iihunpub3382unpu

Beyond the Planar Limit in ABJM

In this article we consider gauge theories with a U(N)X U(N) gauge group. We provide, for the first time, a complete set of operators built from scalar fields that are in the bi fundamental of the two groups. Our operators diagonalize the two point function of the free field theory at all orders in 1/N. We then use this basis to investigate non-planar anomalous dimensions in the ABJM theory. We show that the dilatation operator reduces to a set of decoupled harmonic oscillators, signaling integrability in a nonplanar large N limit.Comment: v2: minor revisison

Effects of Goat Manure Fertilization on Grain Nutritional Value in Two Contrasting Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Varieties Cultivated at High Altitudes

In this study, the effects of goat manure fertilization (2, 4, 8, and 12 Tn/ha) on the grain yield, organic compounds, and mineral composition of two quinoa varieties (CICA-17 and Regalona Baer) were evaluated under field conditions in Northwest Argentina. The results indicate that fertilization improved the quinoa grain yield and total protein content. Low manure doses positively affected the fatty acid (FA) profile, and significant changes were determined for the monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid contents of CICA-17 and on the saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents of R. Baer seeds. The amino acid contents were positively affected in CICA-17 and negatively in R. Baer. Soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), major elements (K, Si, P, Mg, Ca, and Na), minor elements (Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, and Cu), and ultratrace elements (Cr and Li) were detected and discussed in terms of their impact on human nutrition and health. Conclusively, manure addition affected some essential amino acids, the desaturase activity, the n6:n3 and SFA/UFA ratios, the atherogenic index, soluble sugars, and mineral content, and the fatty acid metabolism of each variety was differently affected, especially the C16 and C18 desaturase activity, which responded differently to various manure doses. Manure addition is a promising alternative to improve the nutritional quality and functionality of quinoa grains, but the response is not linear

Nonplanar integrability at two loops

In this article we compute the action of the two loop dilatation operator on restricted Schur polynomials that belong to the su(2) sector, in the displaced corners approximation. In this non-planar large N limit, operators that diagonalize the one loop dilatation operator are not corrected at two loops. The resulting spectrum of anomalous dimensions is related to a set of decoupled harmonic oscillators, indicating integrability in this sector of the theory at two loops. The anomalous dimensions are a non-trivial function of the 't Hooft coupling, with a spectrum that is continuous and starting at zero at large N, but discrete at finite N.Comment: version to appear in JHE