Multi-objective Tree-structured Parzen Estimator Meets Meta-learning

Hyperparameter optimization (HPO) is essential for the better performance of deep learning, and practitioners often need to consider the trade-off between multiple metrics, such as error rate, latency, memory requirements, robustness, and algorithmic fairness. Due to this demand and the heavy computation of deep learning, the acceleration of multi-objective (MO) optimization becomes ever more important. Although meta-learning has been extensively studied to speedup HPO, existing methods are not applicable to the MO tree-structured parzen estimator (MO-TPE), a simple yet powerful MO-HPO algorithm. In this paper, we extend TPE's acquisition function to the meta-learning setting, using a task similarity defined by the overlap in promising domains of each task. In a comprehensive set of experiments, we demonstrate that our method accelerates MO-TPE on tabular HPO benchmarks and yields state-of-the-art performance. Our method was also validated externally by winning the AutoML 2022 competition on "Multiobjective Hyperparameter Optimization for Transformers".Comment: Meta-learning workshop on NeurIPS 202

Design Nonlinear Model Reference with Fuzzy Controller for Nonlinear SISO Second Order Systems

Model reference controller is considering as one of the most useful controller to specific performance of systems where the desired output is produced for a given input. This system used the difference between the outputs of the plant and the desired model by comparing them to produce the signals of the control. This paper focus on design a model reference controller (MRC) combined with (type-1 and interval type-2) fuzzy control scheme for single input-single output (SISO) systems under uncertainty and external disturbance. The model reference controller is designed firstly without fuzzy scheme based on an optimal desired model and Lyapunov stability theory. Then a (type-1 and Interval type-2) fuzzy controller Takagi-Sugeno type is combine with the suggested MRC in order to enhance the performer of it, the common parts between the two fuzzy systems such as: fuzzifier, inference engine, fuzzy rule-base and defuzzifier are illustrated. In this paper the proposed controller is applied to controla (SISO) inverted pendulum sustem and the Matlab R2015 software is used to carry out two simulation cases for the overall controlled scheme. The obtained results for the two cases show that the proposed MRC with both fuzzy control schemes have acceptable performance, but it have better performance with the interval type-2 fuzzy scheme

Comparison of Protein Concentration in Red and White Muscles in Two Species of Bony Fish

تتناول الدراسة الحالية تقدير تركيز البروتين ودراسة تأثير زيادة وزن الأسماك على تركيز البروتين في العضلات الحمر والبيض في منطقتين مختلفتين (R1: المنطقة الأمامية وتبعد 2 سم خلف الرأس و R2: المنطقة الخلفية وتبعد 2 سم عن الزعنفة الذيلية ) في نوعين من الأسماك العظمية ، وهما الكارب الشائع (Cyprinus carpio) والبلطي النيلي (Oreochromis niloticus) ، تم جمع العينات من نهر كرمة علي شمال البصرة في الفترة ما بين أكتوبر 2019 وفبراير 2020, وتم استخلاص البروتين بأستخدام Protein extraction buffer ، أظهرت الدراسة الحالية  أن متوسط ​​تركيز البروتين في العضلات  الحمر للبلطي النيلي كان يتراوح بين( 7.74-7.4 )ملغم / مل و (6.8 -8.85 ملغم / مل) في منطقة R1 و R2 على التوالي ، بينما تراوح بين ( 173 -334 ملغم / مل ) و( 127-253 ملغم / مل ) في العضلات البيض  في منطقة R1 و R2  على التوالي. اما في الكارب  كان تركيز البروتين للعضلات الحمر بين ( 7.19-9.10 ملغم / مل و 6.87-8.41 ملغم / مل ) في منطقتي R1 و R2 على التوالي.  بينما تراوح تركيز البروتين في العضلات البيض بين 98.7-250.2 ملغم / مل )و( 61.5-214.1 ملغم / مل) في منطقتي R1 و R2 على التوالي. أشارت نتائج التحليل الإحصائي لتركيز البروتين في العضلات الحمر والبيض في مناطق الجسم إلى وجود فروقاً معنوية (P <0.05) وفروقاً غير معنوية (P> 0.05) بين تركيز البروتين في العضلات الحمر والبيض في الأنواع المدروسة واستنتجت الدراسة الحالية أن العضلات البيض تحتوي على تركيز بروتيني أعلى من العضلات الحمر وأن زيادة الوزن لها تأثير معنوي على تركيز البروتين في العضلات البيض.The current study deals with estimating the protein concentration and the effect of fish weight on protein concentration values in red and white muscles in two different regions ( R1 : Anterior region lies 2 cm behind the head and R2: posterior region lies 2cm from caudal fin  (in  two types of bony fish, namely common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Samples were collected from Karmat Ali river- north of Basrah between October 2019 and February 2020. The protein was extracted using protein extraction buffer, the current study show that the average of  protein concentration in red muscles of Nile tilapia ranged between  7.74-7.4 mg / ml  and ( 6.8-8.85 mg / ml) in R1 and R2 region respectively, while it ranged between 173-334 mg / ml and 127-253 mg / ml  in R1and R2 region in white muscles, respectively. In Carp, protein concentration for red muscles was 7.19-9.10 mg / ml and  6.87-8.41 mg / ml  in R1 and R2 regions, respectively. On the other hand,  protein concentration in white muscles ranged between 98.7-250.2 mg / ml and 61.5-214.1 mg / ml  in both  R1 and R2 regions respectively. The statistical analysis results of the protein concentration in the red and white muscles in the body regions indicated that there was a significant difference(P<0.05) and non- significant difference (P>0.05) between the protein concentration in red and white muscles in the studied species ,The current study concluded that white muscles contain a higher protein concentration than red muscles and that weight gain has a significant effect on protein concentration in white muscles

By-Product Alcohol: Fusel Oil as an Alternative Fuel in Spark Ignition Engine

Fusel oil is a by-product obtained through the fermentation of some agricultural products. The fusel oil properties are closer to other alternative combustible types and the limited number of studies on the use of fusel oil as an alcohol derivative in SI engines constitutes to the base of this study. This paper experimentally examined the impacts of a by-product of alcohol, which is fusel oil by blending it with gasoline, on engine performance, combustion characteristics, and emissions in a 4-cylinder SI engine. The test was achieved at different engine speeds and a 60 % throttle valve (load). As results, brake power, BTE, and BSFC of F10 are higher at all engine speeds. Maximum engine BTE was 33.9%, at the lowest BSFC with F10. Moreover, it is worth seeing that the F10 under rich air-fuel ratio has less variation of COVIMEP compared to the F20 and gasoline. F10 represents shorter combustion duration, thereby, the engine power increased. NOx emission for F10 at 4500 rpm was lower than gasoline. The highest value of HC emission is obtained with F10 compared to gasoline and F20 with an average increase of 11% over the engine speed range. CO and CO2 emissions increased when using fusel oil blends

Performance, Combustion Characteristics and Emission Tests of Single Cylinder Engine Running on Fusel Oil - Diesel Blended (F20) Fuel

Alcohols produced from a renewable source are amongst the important alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Investigations on alternative fuels for compression ignition engines regarded as one of the major research areas. This paper details an experimental examination of the performance and emissions in single cylinder compression ignition engines operating with fusel oil F20 and pure diesel F0 at five engine speeds and 50% engine load. The test results indicated that the engine power and torque slightly decrease with the F20 at low speeds compared with pure diesel. Further, the in-cylinder pressure was decreased at all engine speed for F20 in comparison with pure diesel. The volumetric efficiency and fuel consumption were increased for F20 due the low heating value of fusel oil. The results showed that CO2 and CO emissions were increased because of the water content, low heating value and low cetane number for fusel oil. The maximum reduction in NOx emissions was 18% for F20 at 1500 rpm

Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease in Kuantan, Malaysia

Background: To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) at Jalan Hospital Eye Care, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia. Methods: The dry eye symptoms and tear breakup time test (TBUT) values retrieved from the medical records of 643 patients were retrospectively analysed. Dry eye cases with one or more symptom were included. ‘Yes’ or ‘no’ responses were used in discriminant analysis of tear abnormality (TBUT < 5 seconds). Results: The crude prevalence of DED was 48.5%, the age-adjusted prevalence was 43% in women <50 years of age, and 68.4% in those ≥50 years of age. Contact lens wear and low TBUT values were associated with DED risk in men. Age of ≥50 years and a low tear meniscus height (TMH) score were associated with risk of DED symptoms in women. Conclusions: The prevalence of DED in optometric outpatients at IIUM was relatively high, especially in the elderly population. Symptoms and signs were poorly associated with DED. TBUT performed well in diagnosing dry eye and may be useful to improve the assessment of patients with dry eye problems in this region

Can Fairness be Automated?:Guidelines and Opportunities for Fairness-aware AutoML

The field of automated machine learning (AutoML) introduces techniques that automate parts of the development of machine learning (ML) systems, accelerating the process and reducing barriers for novices. However, decisions derived from ML models can reproduce, amplify, or even introduce unfairness in our societies, causing harm to (groups of) individuals. In response, researchers have started to propose AutoML systems that jointly optimize fairness and predictive performance to mitigate fairness-related harm. However, fairness is a complex and inherently interdisciplinary subject, and solely posing it as an optimization problem can have adverse side effects. With this work, we aim to raise awareness among developers of AutoML systems about such limitations of fairness-aware AutoML, while also calling attention to the potential of AutoML as a tool for fairness research. We present a comprehensive overview of different ways in which fairness-related harm can arise and the ensuing implications for the design of fairness-aware AutoML. We conclude that while fairness cannot be automated, fairness-aware AutoML can play an important role in the toolbox of an ML practitioner. We highlight several open technical challenges for future work in this direction. Additionally, we advocate for the creation of more user-centered assistive systems designed to tackle challenges encountered in fairness work

STUDY OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY AND ITS RELATION WITH METFORMIN TREATMENT AMONG DIABETICS IN PRINCE RASHID HOSPITAL

Introduction: Vitamin B12 has important functions in physiology and pathology of human body. It can help against diseases through improving immune system. The role of Its deficiency with metformin treatment is still subjecting to diabetes. Objectives: 1. To investigate the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency among diabetics visiting internal medicine clinics in Prince Rashid Hospital. 2. To explore the association of Vitamin B12 deficiency with metformin treatment among the same sample. Methods and subjects, Study design: A retrospective design was employed to collect data from files of diabetic patients. Study sample: A total of 447 files of diabetic patients were accessed if inclusion criteria were met. Inclusion criteria: Diabetic patient. Vitamin B12 status is mentioned. Metformin treatment is recorded in files of diabetic patients. Data collection: data will be collected for each patient and entered into excel sheet for further analysis. Statistical analysis: SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Data was presented as frequency and percentage for numerical variables, whereas the association between variables was tested using Chi- Square test. Significance was tested at alpha level &lt; 0.05. Results: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was 7.2%. The mean age of study participants was 55.70+10.13 years. Metformin intake was reported by approximately 84% of diabetics. About 76% of participants had cardiac diseases. No significant association was observed between metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency (p=0.269). Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among diabetics was 7.2%. No significant association was observed between treating diabetics with metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency. Recommendation: Lacking the association between treatment of metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency may due to small participants included in other studies, and we recommend to include larger numbers of participants in future studies