One-dimensional modelling of pulse wave propagation in human airway bifurcations in space-time variables

Airflow in the respiratory system is complicated as it goes through various regions with different geometries and mechanical properties. Three-dimensional (3-D) simulations are typically limited to local areas of the system because of their high computational cost. On the other hand, the one-dimensional (1-D) equations of flow in compliant tubes offer a good compromise between accuracy and computational cost when a global assessment of airflow in the system is required. The aim of the current study is to apply the 1-D formulation in space and time variables to study the propagation of a pulse wave in human airways; first in a simple system composed of just one bifurcation, trachea-main bronchi, according to the symmetrical Weibel model. Then extending the system to include a further generation, the bronchi branches. Pulse waveforms carry information about the functionality and morphology of the respiratory system and the 1-D modelling, in terms of space and time variables, represents an innovative approach for respiratory response interpretation. 1-D modelling in space-time variables has been extensively applied to simulate blood pressure and flow in the cardiovascular system. This work represents the first attempt to apply this formulation to study pulse waveforms in the human bronchial tree

Specific protein detection using designed DNA carriers and nanopores.

Nanopores are a versatile technique for the detection and characterization of single molecules in solution. An ongoing challenge in the field is to find methods to selectively detect specific biomolecules. In this work we describe a new technique for sensing specific proteins using unmodified solid-state nanopores. We engineered a double strand of DNA by hybridizing nearly two hundred oligonucleotides to a linearized version of the m13mp18 virus genome. This engineered double strand, which we call a DNA carrier, allows positioning of protein binding sites at nanometer accurate intervals along its contour via DNA conjugation chemistry. We measure the ionic current signal of translocating DNA carriers as a function of the number of binding sites and show detection down to the single protein level. Furthermore, we use DNA carriers to develop an assay for identifying a single protein species within a protein mixture.We thank Vivek Thacker and Nadanai Laohakunakorn for critical reading of this manuscript. N.A.W.B. was supported by an EPSRC Doctoral Prize Award. U.F.K. acknowledges support by an ERC starting grant, PassMembrane 261101.This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja512521w

Digitally encoded DNA nanostructures for multiplexed, single-molecule protein sensing with nanopores.

The simultaneous detection of a large number of different analytes is important in bionanotechnology research and in diagnostic applications. Nanopore sensing is an attractive method in this regard as the approach can be integrated into small, portable device architectures, and there is significant potential for detecting multiple sub-populations in a sample. Here, we show that highly multiplexed sensing of single molecules can be achieved with solid-state nanopores by using digitally encoded DNA nanostructures. Based on the principles of DNA origami, we designed a library of DNA nanostructures in which each member contains a unique barcode; each bit in the barcode is signalled by the presence or absence of multiple DNA dumbbell hairpins. We show that a 3-bit barcode can be assigned with 94% accuracy by electrophoretically driving the DNA structures through a solid-state nanopore. Select members of the library were then functionalized to detect a single, specific antibody through antigen presentation at designed positions on the DNA. This allows us to simultaneously detect four different antibodies of the same isotype at nanomolar concentration levels.N.A.W.B. and U.F.K. acknowledge funding from an ERC starting grant (Passmembrane 261101) and an ERC consolidator grant (Designerpores 647144). N.A.W.B. also acknowledges funding from an EPSRC doctoral prize award.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Nature Publishing Group via https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.5

Nanopores formed by DNA origami: a review.

Nanopores have emerged over the past two decades to become an important technique in single molecule experimental physics and biomolecule sensing. Recently DNA nanotechnology, in particular DNA origami, has been used for the formation of nanopores in insulating materials. DNA origami is a very attractive technique for the formation of nanopores since it enables the construction of 3D shapes with precise control over geometry and surface functionality. DNA origami has been applied to nanopore research by forming hybrid architectures with solid state nanopores and by direct insertion into lipid bilayers. This review discusses recent experimental work in this area and provides an outlook for future avenues and challenges.N.A.W.B. acknowledges funding from the EPSRC NanoDTC program and an EPSRC doctoral prize award, U.F.K. acknowledges funding from an ERC starting Grant.This is the accepted manuscript of a paper published in FEBS Letters (Bell NAW, Keyser UF, FEBS Letters 2014, 588, 3564–3570, doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2014.06.013)

Peningkatan Perilaku Religius melalui Integrasi Pembelajaran Pai dan Pembinaan di Unit Kegiatan Keagamaan Mahasiswa

Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui 1) model pembinaan keagamaan di UNY; 2) mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan dalam berperilaku religius antara mahasiswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran PAI terpadu dengan mahasiswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran PAI; dan 3) mengetahui perilaku religius mahasiswa yang mengikuti perkuliahan Pendidikan Agama Islam yang terintegarasi dengan pembinaan di unit kegiatan keagamaan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan (action research). Subjek penelitiannya adalah mahasiswa Pendidikan Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik UNY kelas A. Objeknya adalah integrasi pembelajaran PAI dan pembinaan keagamaan mahasiswa melalui pelaksanaan program Tutorial Pendidikan Agama Islam. Hasil yang bisa diperoleh adalah: 1) Model pembinaan keagamaan yang tepat untuk pembinaan keagamanaa melalui Tutorial Pendidikan Agama Islam adalah dengan strategi pembelajaran melalui diskusi dengan topik-topik kontemporer yang terjadi di masyarakat; 2) Hasil probabilitas 0,857 > 0,05 = Ho diterima. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam berperilaku religius antara mahasiswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran PAI terpadu dengan mahasiswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran PAI; dan 3) Perilaku religius mahasiswa yang mengikuti perkuliahan Pendidikan Agama Islam yang terintegrasi dengan pembinaan di unit kegiatan keagamaan pada umumnya, baik hal tersebut berdasar hasil rata- rata amalan harian yaitu amalan Shalat fardlu dihasilkan rata-rata 3,78 maupun rata-rata amalan bacaan tilawah Al Qur'an yaitu 3,07