Zašto je između nas visoka željezna ograda?

Kostantina Avlami govori o problemima tranzicije u predgrađu Atene, gdje je vrtić i fizički željeznom ogradom odijeljen od osnovne škole

The identification of a low molecular mass bacteriocin, rhamnosin A, produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain 68

Aims: This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of a peptide with bacteriocin-like properties isolated from Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain 68, previously identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and originating from human gastrointestinal flora. Methods and Results: The peptide was isolated from a supernatant of bacteria maintained under restrictive conditions by a combination of ethanol precipitation and reversed-phase chromatography. The molecular mass of the peptide as assessed by mass spectrometry was 6433 center dot 8 Da. An isoelectric point of 9 center dot 8 was determined by 2D-PAGE. The peptide designated rhamnosin A inhibited Micrococcus lysodeikticus ATCC 4698 but did not inhibit Lactobacillus plantarum 8014 or Lact. plantarum 39268. Inhibitory activity against M. lysodeikticus at concentrations used in this study was shown to be bacteriostatic rather than bacteriolytic or bactericidal. Rhamnosin A retained biological activity after heat treatment (95 degrees C, 30 min) but was sensitive to proteolytic activity of pepsin and trypsin. Conclusions: The N-terminal sequence of rhamnosin A, as determined by Edman degradation and in more detail by blast analysis, did not show identity with any currently available Lact. rhamnosus HN001-translated protein sequences, nor any significant similarity with other sequences in the nonredundant protein sequence database. Being a small, heat-stable, nonlanthionine-containing peptide, rhamnosin A should be categorized as a class II bacteriocin. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study describes a partial bacteriocin sequence isolated from Lact. rhamnosus 68 and broadens our understanding of bacteriocins

How to detect carbapenemase producers? A literature review of phenotypic and molecular methods

© 2014 Elsevier B.V. This review describes the current state-of-art of carbapenemase detection methods. Identification of carbapenemases is first based on conventional phenotypic tests including antimicrobial susceptibility testing, modified-Hodge test and carbapenemase-inhibitor culture tests. Second, molecular characterization of carbapenemase genes by PCR sequencing is essential. Third, innovative biochemical and spectrometric detection may be applied

L'écriture de l'histoire grecque en France au XIXe siècle : temporalités historiques et enjeux politiques

Is it pertinent to study the tales of ancient Greece in light of the historic temporalities that govern their narratives ? This author believes that it is, and this article is an attempt to map out the political stakes that, in the 19th century, marked the historical discourse about Athenian democracy. The first of two parts examines Volney and Benjamin Constant's critique of the way in which the Greco-Roman model evoked revolution and assesses the significance of their analysis. The second part analyses the Greek tales written by Victor Duruy and Louis Menard and looks at how the work of George Grote was received in France. At the time of the Revolution, references to the Greco-Roman world drew on a conception of time based on the immutability of nature and a historicity that beat to the rhythm of progress. The ancient world thus emerges both as a role model and as a witness to the distance that separates antiquity from modem times. It is the paradigmatic reference to antiquity that became marginalized in the aftermath of the Reign of Terror. It was denounced not only as an inopportune imitation but, even worse, as being devoid of any historic meaning or, in other words, deeply «anti-historic». How, then, has the writing of history, been affected by the dissolution of the historia magistra vitae and by the Greek world's subsequent introduction into the historical process of the rise of western civilisation ?Étudier les histoires de la Grèce ancienne à la lumière des temporalités historiques qui régissent leurs récits peut-il constituer une piste de travail pertinente? En répondant par l'affirmative, cet article tente de cartographier les enjeux politiques qui marquent, au XIXe siècle, le discours historique sur la démocratie athénienne. Dans la première des deux parties, il s'agit de mesurer la portée de la critique de Volney et de Benjamin Constant au sujet de l'évocation révolutionnaire du modèle gréco-romain, tandis que la seconde propose une analyse des histoires grecques de Victor Duruy et de Louis Ménard en passant par la réception en France de l'œuvre de George Grote. Sous la Révolution, la référence au monde gréco-romain puisait à la fois dans une conception du temps fondée sur l'immutabilité de la nature et dans une historicité scandée au rythme des progrès; en ce sens, le monde antique surgissait tantôt comme un exemple, tantôt comme un témoignage de la distance séparant l'antiquité des temps modernes. C'est la référence paradigmatique à l'antiquité qui se trouve marginalisée au lendemain de la Terreur, dénoncée non seulement comme une imitation inopportune mais, qui plus est, comme étant dépourvue de tout sens historique, autrement dit, comme profondément «anti-historique». Quels sont donc sur le plan de l'écriture de l'histoire, les effets de la dissolution de l'historia magistra vitae et de l'inscription consécutive du monde grec dans un processus historique ascendant de la civilisation occidentale?Avlami Chryssanthi. L'écriture de l'histoire grecque en France au XIXe siècle : temporalités historiques et enjeux politiques. In: Romantisme, 2001, n°113. L'Antiquité. pp. 61-85

Le concept d’éducation dans l’Histoire de l’éducation dans l’Antiquité

« En règle générale, le philosophe n’est jamais plus proche de la bête que lorsqu’il veut, en toute confiance, être Dieu ;de même pour les calculs assurés du perfectionnement du monde. » J.G. Herder, Auch eine Philosophie der Geschichte, III, § 557 Nous avons hérité du xixe siècle une image de la Grèce ancienne qui, si elle nous paraît aujourd’hui dérisoire, n’en reste pas moins, dans sa banalité même, une image dominante : si les Grecs sont dignes d’admiration c’est parce qu’ils sont à l’ori..

Lactobacillus rhamnosus endocarditis complicating colonoscopy

We report the first case of endocarditis caused by Lactobacillus after an uneventful colonoscopy. The initial empiric treatment with the standard regimen of penicillin-aminoglycoside failed; Subsequent treatment with a combination of antibiotics, selected according to the in vitro studies, was successful. (C) 2001 The British Infection Society

RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL COMPARING CEFTRIAXONE AMIKACIN VERSUS CEFTAZIDIME AMIKACIN AS INITIAL THERAPY OF FEBRILE EPISODES IN NEUTROPENIC PATIENTS

Neutropenic patients with underlying hematologic (usually malignant) diseases were randomized to receive either 2 g ceftriaxone once daily + 0.5 g amikacin or 2 g ceftazidime twice daily + 0.5 g amikacin b.i.d. when fever was higher than 38-degrees-C and granulocyte counts less than 0.5 x 10(9)/l. 25 patients were included in each treatment group. Successful outcome of treatment was observed in 28 (13/15) and in an additional 5 (2/3) patients after modification of the therapy. Tolerability was excellent in both groups

Moraxella catarrhalis endocarditis: Case report and review of the literature

A case of bacterial endocarditis caused by Moraxella catarrhalis in an apparently immunocompetent Greek male is presented, which was diagnosed after a 2-month history of low-grade fever of unknown origin. The agent seems to be a rare pathogen, but due to the high mortality rate, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of relevant cases. Beta-lactamase production by many strains complicates the choice of antibiotic

Bone marrow infection caused by Actinobacillus ureae in a rheumatoid arthritis patient

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is described who presented with low-grade fever for 3 months, in whom Actinobacillus ureae was cultured from bone marrow aspirate. Fever responded favourably to penicillin therapy. It is the first reported isolation of A. ureae from bone marrow