Lipid Profile and Serum Characteristics of the Blind Subterranean Mole Rat, Spalax

to underground life resulted in structural and molecular-genetic differences comparing to above-ground mammals. These differences include higher myocardial maximal oxygen consumption, increased lung diffusion capacity, increased blood vessels density, and unique expression patterns of cancer and angiogenesis related genes such as heparanase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and P53. revealed special features in this mammal. pursue underground, dietary components, and evolutionary genetic adaptations. Unfolding the genetic basis of these differences will probably result in unique treatments for a variety of human diseases such as dyslipedemias, inflammation and cancer

Regenerasi Embriogenesis Somatik pada Beberapa Klon Kakao Indonesia dari Eksplan Bunga

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:IN; mso-no-proof:yes;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> This research was aimed to observe the response of different clones and specifi  c organs due to the somatic embryogenesis regeneration. It was arranged in factorial randomized completely design with three replication. The fi  rst factor was cocoa clones i.e. ICCRI 01, ICCRI 02, ICCRI 03, ICCRI 04, KW 514, RCC72, and Sca 6. The second factor was fl  ower parts i.e. petal, staminode and anther. Every explant was regenerated on initiation, induction, multiplication and rooting media. Almost all treatments showed high response of embryogenic calli which range 89.5 to 100% at initial stage, but different results were found at the following process of somatic embryogenesis. The experiment showed that each clones and each different part of fl  ower had different response to somatic embryogenesis. The highest response of the explant number resulted from Sca 6 clone, which produce 35.8% embryo with average number of embryo per explant (1.34) followed by RCC 72 (28.4%, averaged 0.7) ICCRI 03 (24.7%, averaged 1.3) ICCRI 04 (18.6%, averaged 0.6). While ICCRI 02 showed the lowest responsive clone. Especially for ICCRI 01, 55.8% explant was rooted and  only 1.3% explant producing embryo. The highest response of somatic embryo was resulted form petal

Response of regulation of resistance genes, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant enzymes to salicylic acid treatments in drought tolerant rice

Received: February 1st, 2023 ; Accepted: March 19th, 2023 ; Published: April 13th, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] is one of the most important issues in crop production which may disrupt physiological processes and biochemical metabolism in rice plants, including the emergence of plant resistance gene expression such as OsAB13 and OsLEA, the formation of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), namely hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as the emergence of gene expression related to antioxidant enzyme activity such as OsAPX1, OsCATA, Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, and APX Cytosolic. Besides the emergence of plant resistance gene expression, ROS, and changes in gene expression related to antioxidant enzymes, rice plants also produce salicylic acid which acts as an endogenous signal to activate plant resistance gene responses and can encourage plant resistance responses such as antioxidant enzyme activity. The treatments in this study included: control, 15% PEG 6000, 15% PEG 6000 + SA 1 mM, and SA 1 mM. The results showed that the interaction between treatments and rice plant varieties significantly affected plant height, root length, total chlorophyll, and H2O2 content. The expression of the OsAPX1, OsCATA, Mn-SOD, and Cu/Zn-SOD genes increased in the 15% PEG 6000 treatment compared to the control. In the 15% PEG 6000 + SA 1 mM treatment, there was an increase in gene expression of APX Cytosolic, Cu/Zn-SOD, and OsCATA compared to the 15% PEG 6000 treatment. The OsLEA is expressed in Siakraya and Sertani 1 as an indicator of resistance to drought stress, and the OsAB13 is expressed in Indragiri, Sertani 1, and Siakraya varieties as an indicator of resistance to drought stress

Sex chromosome positions in human interphase nuclei as studied by in situ hybridization with chromosome specific DNA probes

Two cloned repetitive DNA probes, pXBR and CY1, which bind preferentially to specific regions of the human X and Y chromosome, respectively, were used to study the distribution of the sex chromosomes in human lymphocyte nuclei by in situ hybridization experiments. Our data indicate a large variability of the distances between the sex chromosomes in male and female interphase nuclei. However, the mean distance observed between the X and Y chromosome was significantly smaller than the mean distance observed between the two X-chromosomes. The distribution of distances determined experimentally is compared with three model distributions of distances, and the question of a non-random distribution of sex chromosomes is discussed. Mathematical details of these model distributions are provided in an Appendix to this paper. In the case of a human translocation chromosome (XqterXp22.2::Yq11Y qter) contained in the Chinese hamster x human hybrid cell line 445 x 393, the binding sites of pXBR and CY1 were found close to each other in most interphase nuclei. These data demonstrate the potential use of chromosome-specific repetitive DNA probes to study the problem of interphase chromosome topography

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) fails to improve blood flow and to promote collateralization in a diabetic mouse ischemic hindlimb model

BACKGROUND: Angiogenic therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been proposed as a treatment paradigm for patients suffering from an insufficiency of collateral vessels. Diabetes is associated with increase in the production of VEGF and therefore additional VEGF may not be beneficial. Accordingly, we sought to determine the efficacy of VEGF therapy to augment collateral formation and tissue perfusion in a diabetic mouse ischemic hindlimb model. METHODS: Diabetic and non-diabetic mice were studied in parallel for the efficacy of VEGF administration. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin. Hindlimb ischemia was produced by severing the left iliac artery. An outlet tube from an osmotic infusion pump with placebo/ 500 micrograms of plasmid-DNA encoding VEGF was fenestrated and tunneled into the left quadriceps muscle. RESULTS: VEGF induced more rapid and complete restoration of blood flow in normal mice. However, in the setting of diabetes there was no difference between VEGF Vs. placebo in the rate or adequacy of flow restoration. There was a significant increase in smooth muscle actin and Factor-VIII antigen densities in diabetic animals and in animals which received VEGF. CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenic therapy with VEGF in the setting of diabetes does not appear to have the beneficial effects seen in the absence of diabetes

Quantitative trait loci conferring grain mineral nutrient concentrations in durum wheat 3 wild emmer wheat RIL population

Mineral nutrient malnutrition, and particularly deficiency in zinc and iron, afflicts over 3 billion people worldwide. Wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, genepool harbors a rich allelic repertoire for mineral nutrients in the grain. The genetic and physiological basis of grain protein, micronutrients (zinc, iron, copper and manganese) and macronutrients (calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur) concentration was studied in tetraploid wheat population of 152 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from a cross between durum wheat (cv. Langdon) and wild emmer (accession G18-16). Wide genetic variation was found among the RILs for all grain minerals, with considerable transgressive effect. A total of 82 QTLs were mapped for 10 minerals with LOD score range of 3.2–16.7. Most QTLs were in favor of the wild allele (50 QTLs). Fourteen pairs of QTLs for the same trait were mapped to seemingly homoeologous positions, reflecting synteny between the A and B genomes. Significant positive correlation was found between grain protein concentration (GPC), Zn, Fe and Cu, which was supported by significant overlap between the respective QTLs, suggesting common physiological and/or genetic factors controlling the concentrations of these mineral nutrients. Few genomic regions (chromosomes 2A, 5A, 6B and 7A) were found to harbor clusters of QTLs for GPC and other nutrients. These identified QTLs may facilitate the use of wild alleles for improving grain nutritional quality of elite wheat cultivars, especially in terms of protein, Zn and Fe

Restoration of energy homeostasis by SIRT6 extends healthy lifespan

Aging leads to a gradual decline in physical activity and disrupted energy homeostasis. The NAD+-dependent SIRT6 deacylase regulates aging and metabolism through mechanisms that largely remain unknown. Here, we show that SIRT6 overexpression leads to a reduction in frailty and lifespan extension in both male and female B6 mice. A combination of physiological assays, in vivo multi-omics analyses and 13C lactate tracing identified an age-dependent decline in glucose homeostasis and hepatic glucose output in wild type mice. In contrast, aged SIRT6-transgenic mice preserve hepatic glucose output and glucose homeostasis through an improvement in the utilization of two major gluconeogenic precursors, lactate and glycerol. To mediate these changes, mechanistically, SIRT6 increases hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression, de novo NAD+ synthesis, and systemically enhances glycerol release from adipose tissue. These findings show that SIRT6 optimizes energy homeostasis in old age to delay frailty and preserve healthy aging