СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНАЯ ДИНАМИКА СОВРЕМЕННОСТИ: ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ МИГРАЦИИ И СПОРТА

This article analyzes the driving factors of socio-cultural dynamics of modernity, as one of which examines migration and its consequences. Recent wave of refugees’ giant stream from the Middle East, mainly Islamic religion, hit the quiet and secured Western Europe that was the object of their aspirations. The countries of Western Europe priority oriented on secular values are radically far from the familiar world of migrants, which exacerbates for the latter a problem of transitional period.Active participation in various forms of sports interaction and success achievement in this field is proposed and grounded in the article as the optimal way of effective inculturation of migrants in the European community. The attempt to use sport as an element of cultural innovation has been made repeatedly which shows its creative potential. Various tendencies, such as Taylorism, futurism (Russian and European), fascism, Soviet “anthroposociology”, functionalism and ideological movement of technocrats actively exploited symbols, images, features and ideas of sport. The field of sport acts as a space of opportunities for exercise, playback and development of behavior patterns as for specific individuals and for certain social groups with the subsequent carrying over to real life with a certain degree of success.Статья посвящена анализу движущих факторов социокультурной динамики современности, в качестве одного из которых исследуется миграция и ее последствия. Современная волна гигантского потока беженцев из стран Ближнего Востока, преимущественно исламского вероисповедания, обрушилась на спокойную и обеспеченную Западную Европу, явившуюся объектом их устремлений. Страны Западной Европы, приоритетно ориентирующиеся на светские ценности, кардинально далеки от привычного мира мигрантов, что обостряет для последних проблему переходного периода. В качестве одного из путей эффективной инкультурации мигрантов в европейское сообщество обсуждается задействование сферы спорта. Попытка использовать спорт как элемент культурной инноватики предпринималась неоднократно, что свидетельствует о его творческом потенциале. Разнообразные течения, такие как тейлоризм, футуризм (европейский и русский), фашизм, советская “антропомаксимология”, функционализм и идеологическое движение технократов активно экс-плуатировали символы, образы, черты и идеи спорта. Сфера спорта выступает как пространство возможностей для тренировки, проигрывания и выработки моделей поведения, как для конкретных индивидов, так и для отдельных социальных групп и даже целых государств, с их последующим переносом с определенной долей успешности в реальную жизнь

The local repolarization heterogeneity in the murine pulmonary veins myocardium contributes to the spatial distribution of the adrenergically induced ectopic foci

An atrial tachyarrhythmias is predominantly triggered by a proarrhythmic activity originate from the pulmonary veins (PV) myocardial sleeves; sympathetic or adrenergic stimulation facilitates PV proarrhythmia. In the present study the electrophysiological inhomogeneity, spatiotemporal characteristics of the adrenergically induced ectopic firing and sympathetic nerves distribution have been investigated in a murine PV myocardium to clarify mechanisms of adrenergic PV ectopy. Electrically paced murine PV demonstrate atrial-like pattern of conduction and atrial-like action potentials (AP) with longest duration in the mouth of PV. The application of norepinephrine (NE), agonists of α- and β-adrenergic receptors (ARs) or intracardiac nerves stimulation induced spontaneous AP in a form of periodical bursts or continuous firing. NE- or ARs agonists-induced SAP originated from unifocal ectopic foci with predominant localization in the region surrounding PV mouth, but not in the distal portions of a murine PV myocardium. A higher level of catecholamine content and catecholamine fiber network density was revealed in the PV myocardial sleeves relative to LA appendage. However, no significant local variation of catecholamine content and fiber density was observed in the murine PV. In conclusion, PV mouth region appear to be a most susceptible to adrenergic proarrhythmia in mice. Intrinsic spatial heterogeneity of AP duration can be considered as a factor influencing localization of the ectopic foci in PV. © 2019, The Physiological Society of Japan and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature.18-34-00931The study is supported by RFBR 18-34-00931 grant. AP Action potentials AR Adrenergic receptors EAD Early afterdepolarization DAD Delayed afterdepolarization DD Diastolic depolarization SAP Spontaneous action potentials RMP Resting membrane potentials LA Left atria LAA Left atria appendage PKA Proteinkinase A PV Pulmonary veins PNS Postganglionic nerves stimulation NCX Natrium-sodium exchanger NE Norepinephrine PHE Phenylephrine ISO Isoproterenol

INFLUENCE OF HELIOGEOPHYSICAL FACTORS ON HUMAN HEALTH

The purpose of this work is the development of the connection between a level of geomagnetic activity and a quantity of emergency calls for cardiovascular diseases. To perform the study we analyzed data on the quantity of emergency calls in Irkutsk during 8years period (2001-2004, 2007-2010). In total we analyzed 1460 days, 8942 cases of acute myocardial infarction and 1953 cases of intra-cerebral hemorrhage. There is a significant positive correlation between the number of ambulance calls for acute vascular pathology (myocardial infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage) and the Kp index over all years of study

Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of interregional interactions in ensuring economic security

The adoption of strategies for the spatial development of the Russian Federation, national and economic security has brought the study of inter-regional interactions up to date. In this regard, the authors have reviewed the theoretical and methodological approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to the issues of interregional cooperation in various branches of science and production. Interpretations of the concepts “inter-regional interaction”, “economic security” and “economic security of the region” are analysed. The role of inter-regional cooperation, especially inter-regional investment projects, as critical factors in ensuring regional economic security is emphasised. Groups of potential risks and risk-forming factors for joint inter-regional infrastructure projects are identified. Interregional projects are classified according to their scope and purpose: 1) in the production sphere; 2) projects promoting innovation; 3) projects aiming at infrastructure development. Examples of existing interregional projects in the Ural Federal District are presented. The study uses general scientific methods, in particular, analysis and synthesis. The results of the study can serve as a basis for the further development of new theoretical and methodological approaches to solving the problems of inter-regional cooperation

Comparing prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors between population-based surveys in Russia and Norway.

BACKGROUND: Little data exists on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Russian population. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of CKD in a population-based study in Russia, compare with a similar study in Norway, and investigate whether differences in risk factors explained between-study differences in CKD. METHODS: We compared age- and sex-standardised prevalence of reduced eGFR (< 60 ml/min/1.73m2 CKD-EPI creatinine equation), albuminuria and or a composite indicator of CKD (one measure of either reduced eGFR or albuminuria) between participants aged 40-69 in the population-based Know Your Heart (KYH) study, Russia (2015-2018 N = 4607) and the seventh Tromsø Study (Tromsø7), Norway (2015-2016 N = 17,646). We assessed the contribution of established CKD risk factors (low education, diabetes, hypertension, antihypertensive use, smoking, obesity) to between-study differences using logistic regression. RESULTS: Prevalence of reduced eGFR or albuminuria was 6.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.4, 7.7) in KYH and 4.6% (95% CI 4.0, 5.2) in Tromsø7 standardised for sex and age. Odds of both clinical outcomes were higher in KYH than Tromsø7 (reduced eGFR OR 2.06 95% CI 1.67, 2.54; albuminuria OR 1.54 95% CI 1.16, 2.03) adjusted for sex and age. Risk factor adjustment explained the observed between-study difference in albuminuria (OR 0.92 95% CI 0.68, 1.25) but only partially reduced eGFR (OR 1.42 95% CI 1.11, 1.82). The strongest explanatory factors for the between-study difference was higher use of antihypertensives (Russian sample) for reduced eGFR and mean diastolic blood pressure for albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence of a higher burden of CKD within the sample from the population in Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk compared to Tromsø, partly explained by between-study population differences in established risk factors. In particular hypertension defined by medication use was an important factor associated with the higher CKD prevalence in the Russian sample

RESPONSE OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS TO GEOMAGNETIC STORMS

At present, influence of weak magnetic fields associated with solar and geomagnetic activity on biological systems is gaining more interest. Taking into account the accumulated data on the influence of geomagnetic storms on different biological levels, it is obvious that the mechanism of influence is universal. One of the approaches in this search may be the study of patterns and differences in the response to geomagnetic storms of various biological objects. As a research material served: data on the number of ambulance calls in the city of Irkutsk for acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction; results of retrospective analysis of the number of spontaneous parturition of the city of Irkutsk; data on the motion activity of fruit fly Drosophyla melanogaster, obtained by automated monitoring. The investigated indicators were compared with the parameters of geomagnetic activity at different time scales. As indicators of geomagnetic storms, three-hour (ap) and daily (Ap) equal to the average amplitude of variation of the geomagnetic field of the Earth. In the case of comparing the motion activity of fruit flies with magnetic storms, the local companions of the Earth’s magnetic field were additionally considered according to the data of the Irkutsk magnetic observatory. As a result of the conducted studies it was established that the detected response of biological systems depends on the characteristics of the state of the Earth’s magnetic field, which falls on the period of passage of magnetic storms. The obtained data also indicate possible gender differences in the response to the effects of the geomagnetic factor by organisms of different levels

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 reverses glaucomatous lesions in rabbits

Original article is published in: Frontiers in Bioscience, Landmark, 20, 892–901, January 1, 2015Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. This disease is characterized by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and visual field loss that seems to be related to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Several lines of evidences have implicated the crucial role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress in RGC may underlie or contribute to susceptibility of RGC to apoptosis. In our work we (i) designed a rabbit model of chronic, moderately elevated IOP for studying glaucoma and (ii) demonstrated efficacy of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 as a tool to reverse several traits of experimental glaucoma induced by a series of injections of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) to the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye. It is shown that 6 months instillations of drops of 0.2.5–5 µM solution of SkQ1 normalize IOP and eye hydrodynamics and abolish an increase in lens thickness that accompanies glaucoma.Original article is published in: Frontiers in Bioscience, Landmark, 20, 892–901, January 1, 2015Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. This disease is characterized by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and visual field loss that seems to be related to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Several lines of evidences have implicated the crucial role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress in RGC may underlie or contribute to susceptibility of RGC to apoptosis. In our work we (i) designed a rabbit model of chronic, moderately elevated IOP for studying glaucoma and (ii) demonstrated efficacy of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 as a tool to reverse several traits of experimental glaucoma induced by a series of injections of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) to the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye. It is shown that 6 months instillations of drops of 0.2.5–5 µM solution of SkQ1 normalize IOP and eye hydrodynamics and abolish an increase in lens thickness that accompanies glaucoma

Import Replacement for Arctic Projects Implementation

The article is aimed at examining one of the most important social and economic task – the systemic development of the Arctic zone as regards solving the problem of dependence of the Russian oil and gas industry on foreign technologies and equipment. As the main approach, we propose anticipatory import substitution, which presupposes the orientation of importsubstituting products not only to domestic but also to external markets. The author’s approach to import substitution implies the creation of effective mechanisms for the development of interregional cooperation through oil and gas companies - local suppliers of products and services. As an object of study we selected industrial enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region and economic entities of natural monopolies located in the territory of the northern part of Tyumen region. Their interaction is estimated by еру authors from the position of regional marketing by highlighting the marketing outlines of this interaction. As a result of the research, the Russian market of equipment and technologies for the oil and gas sector was characterized, with its features and the latest changes in the conditions of the economic sanctions revealed. We formulate the problems, opportunities and directions of import substitution of products used by oil and gas producing enterprises in the development of the Russian Arctic using the scientific and production potential of the Sverdlovsk region enterprises. The results can be used for the development of strategic and program documents at a federal and regional level aimed at addressing the problems of Arctic development. The study showed that the policy of import substitution of industrial production for the North and the Arctic should be based on the principles of innovative growth and focus on the subsequent export orientation of products. The emphasis was on the search for new opportunities for the growth of Ural exports through the formation of new technological markets based on the introduction of new technologies.Статья направлена исследование важнейшей социально-экономической задачи – системного освоения Арктической зоны в части решения проблемы зависимости российской нефтегазовой отрасли от иностранных технологий и оборудования. В качестве основного подхода предлагается опережающее импортозамещение, предполагающего ориентацию замещающей импорт продукции не только на внутренний, но и на внешний рынки. Авторский подход по импортозамещению подразумевает создание действенных механизмов развития межрегионального сотрудничества по линии «нефтегазовые компании – локальные поставщики продукции и услуг». В качестве объекта исследования выбраны промышленные предприятия Свердловской области и хозяйствующие субъекты естественных монополий, дислоцированных на территории Тюменского Севера. Их взаимодействие авторами оценивается с позиции регионального маркетинга путем выделения маркетинговых контуров данного взаимодействия. В результате исследования охарактеризован рынок оборудования и технологий для нефтегазового комплекса Российской Федерации, выявлены его особенности и последние изменения в условиях действия экономических санкций. Сформулированы проблемы, возможности и направления импортозамещения продукции, используемой нефтегазодобывающими предприятиями при освоении и развитии российской Арктики с использованием научного и производственного потенциала предприятий Свердловской области. Результаты могут быть использованы при формировании стратегических и программных документов федерального и регионального уровня направленных на решение проблем освоения Арктики. Исследование показало, что политика импортозамещения промышленного производства для Севера и Арктики должна формироваться на принципах инновационного роста и развития последующей экспортной ориентации продукции. Сделан акцент на поиске новых возможностей роста уральского экспорта за счет формирования новых технологических рынков на основе внедрения новых технологий.Публикация подготовлена в соответствии с государственным заданием ФАНО России для ФГБУН Института экономики УрО РАН на 2018 г., в рамках проекта №18-6-7-42 «Социально-экономическое развитие Арктической зоны Урала: потенциальные возможности, приоритеты и перспективы пространственного освоения

ДЕЙСТВИЕ АНТИОКСИДАНТА SKQ1 НА СТРУКТУРНОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ МОЗГА В ПОСТРЕАНИМАЦИОННОМ ПЕРИОДЕ

The aim was to assess the efficacy of mitochondriatargeted antioxidant SkQ1 in prevention of structural and functional abnormalities of brain postresuscitation after cardiac arrest.Materials and methods. Adult male Wistar rats (n=19) underwent cardiac arrest for 7 minutes followed by resuscitation. Nine rats were administered with 500 nmol/kg SkQ1 per os with water for 2 weeks (1 week before and 1 week after resuscitation). A control group consisted of shamoperated animals (n=10). At days 4—6 post operation locomotor activity and anxiety («elevated plus maze» test) and sensorimotor function of limbs («beam walking» test) were examined. Total numbers of neurons per 1 mm of their layer length in vulnerable neuronal populations (cerebellar Purkinje cells and piramidal neurons of hippocampus fields CA1 and CA4) were estimated by histological analysis of the specimens stained with cresyl violet on day 7 postresuscitation. To identify possible mechanisms of SkQ1 action, the immunohistochemical study of a glialderived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression in piramidal neurons of hippocampus was performed by indirect peroxidaseantiperoxidase method and antiGDNF primary polyclonal antibodies.Results. Ischemiareperfusion resulted in neuronal loss in all studied brain areas followed by reduction in locomotor activity and development of sensorimotor deficit. SkQ1 prevented development of postresuscitative locomotor and sensorimotor irregularities, significantly reduced Purkinje cells loss, prevented death of piramidal neurons in hippocampal field CA4, but not in CA1. Data demonstrated, that iIn Purkinje cells from resuscitated rats treated with SkQ1 there was a significant increase in number of GDNFpositive neurons, which were more resistant to ischemia (transition of GDNFnegative cells toward the category of cells actively expressing this factor) that promoted their survival postresuscitation.Conclusion. Data confirm the positive effects of SkQ1 on structural and functional status of the brain postre suscitation and suggest possible use of SkQ1 for the prevention or correction of posthypoxic encephalopathies.Цель работы — оценка эффективности митохондриальнонаправленного антиоксиданта SkQ1 для предупреждения постреанимационных нарушений структурнофункционального состояния мозга.Материалы и методы. У 19 половозрелых самцов крыс Вистар вызывали остановку сердца на 7 минут с последующей реанимацией. Часть животных (n=9) получала SkQ1 перорально в дозе 500 нмоль/кг с водой в течение 2х недель (1 неделю до и 1 неделю после реанимации). Контролем служили ложнооперированные животные (n=10). На 4—6е сутки после реанимации у крыс оценивали двигательную активность и тревожность (тест «приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт»), а также сенсомоторную функцию конечностей (тест «сужающаяся дорожка»). Через 7 суток после реанимации на препаратах, окрашенных по Нисслю, определяли плотность нейронов на 1 мм длины их слоя в высокочувствительных к гипоксии нейрональных популяциях (пирамидные нейроны полей СА1 и СА4 гиппокампа, клетки Пуркинье мозжечка). Для выявления возможных механизмов действия SkQ1 проводили иммуногистохимическое исследование экспрессии глиального нейротрофического фактора (GDNF) непрямым пероксидазноантипероксидазным методом с использованием первичных поликлональных антител против GDNF.Результаты. Обнаружено, что ишемияреперфузия приводит к гибели нейронов во всех исследованных отделах мозга, что сопровождается снижением двигательной активности и развитием сенсомоторного дефицита. Применение SkQ1 предупреждает развитие постреанимационных двигательных и сенсомоторных нарушений, существенно уменьшает гибель клеток Пуркинье мозжечка, предотвращает гибель пирамидных нейронов в поле СА4 гиппокампа, но не в поле СА1. Показано, что в популяции клеток Пуркинье мозжечка применение SkQ1 сопровождается увеличением числа GDNFположительных нейронов, более устойчивых к ишемии (переход части GDNFотрицательных клеток в категорию активно экспрессирующих этот фактор нейронов), что способствует их выживанию в постреанимационном периоде.Заключение. Полученные в работе данные свидетельствуют о положительном воздействии SkQ1 на структурнофункциональное состояние мозга в постреанимационном периоде, что обуславливает перспективность применения этого препарата для предотвращения и коррекции постгипоксических энцефалопатий