Improvement of fatty acid profile and studio of rheological and technological characteristics in breads supplemented with flaxseed, soybean, and wheat bran flours

Functional breads constitute an interesting alternative as vehicle of new essential fatty acids sources. The aim of this study was to improve the fatty acids (FA) profile of bakery products, producing breads with low saturated fatty acid (SFA) content and with high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, through partial substitution of wheat flour by other ingredients (soy flour, flax flour, and wheat bran) and to analyze the effect of this change on the technological, rheological, and sensorial characteristics of breads. Flaxseed flour (FF), soybeans flour (SF), or wheat bran (WB) was used to replace 50, 100, and 150 g kg-1 of wheat flour (WF) in breads. FF or SF produced a decrease in monounsaturated and SFA and an increase of PUFA in these breads. Furthermore, breads replaced with FF presented considerable increase in the content of n3 FA, while, SF or WB contributed to rise of linoleic and oleic FA, respectively. The substitution percentage increase of FF, SF, or WB to formulation produced changes in the colour, rheological, textural, and technological characteristics of breads. This replacement resulted in improved lipid profile, being breads with 50 g kg-1 SF, the better acceptance, baking features, and enhanced fatty acid profile.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

Improvement of fatty acid profile and studio of rheological and technological characteristics in breads supplemented with flaxseed, soybean, and wheat bran flours

Functional breads constitute an interesting alternative as vehicle of new essential fatty acids sources. The aim of this study was to improve the fatty acids (FA) profile of bakery products, producing breads with low saturated fatty acid (SFA) content and with high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, through partial substitution of wheat flour by other ingredients (soy flour, flax flour, and wheat bran) and to analyze the effect of this change on the technological, rheological, and sensorial characteristics of breads. Flaxseed flour (FF), soybeans flour (SF), or wheat bran (WB) was used to replace 50, 100, and 150 g kg-1 of wheat flour (WF) in breads. FF or SF produced a decrease in monounsaturated and SFA and an increase of PUFA in these breads. Furthermore, breads replaced with FF presented considerable increase in the content of n3 FA, while, SF or WB contributed to rise of linoleic and oleic FA, respectively. The substitution percentage increase of FF, SF, or WB to formulation produced changes in the colour, rheological, textural, and technological characteristics of breads. This replacement resulted in improved lipid profile, being breads with 50 g kg-1 SF, the better acceptance, baking features, and enhanced fatty acid profile.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

Improvement of fatty acid profile and studio of rheological and technological characteristics in breads supplemented with flaxseed, soybean, and wheat bran flours

Functional breads constitute an interesting alternative as vehicle of new essential fatty acids sources. The aim of this study was to improve the fatty acids (FA) profile of bakery products, producing breads with low saturated fatty acid (SFA) content and with high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, through partial substitution of wheat flour by other ingredients (soy flour, flax flour, and wheat bran) and to analyze the effect of this change on the technological, rheological, and sensorial characteristics of breads. Flaxseed flour (FF), soybeans flour (SF), or wheat bran (WB) was used to replace 50, 100, and 150 g kg-1 of wheat flour (WF) in breads. FF or SF produced a decrease in monounsaturated and SFA and an increase of PUFA in these breads. Furthermore, breads replaced with FF presented considerable increase in the content of n3 FA, while, SF or WB contributed to rise of linoleic and oleic FA, respectively. The substitution percentage increase of FF, SF, or WB to formulation produced changes in the colour, rheological, textural, and technological characteristics of breads. This replacement resulted in improved lipid profile, being breads with 50 g kg-1 SF, the better acceptance, baking features, and enhanced fatty acid profile.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

Stereo-PIV Measurements on Circular and Chevron Synthetic Jets

The evolution and flow mechanisms of a circular and of a 6-chevrons synthetic jet are experimentally investigated with stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (Stereo-PIV). Both synthetic jet configurations are driven at the same frequency equal to 96 Hz and at the same electrical power equal to 5.2 W. It yields to a Reynolds number (Re) equal to 5600 and 6000 and a Strouhal number (Sr) equal to 0.115 and 0.106 for the circular and the chevron synthetic jet respectively. Stereo-PIV measurements are carried out along both streamwise and crosswise planes in order to investigate the dynamic behavior of the vortex ring. A three-dimensional reconstruction of the vortex ring is performed by acquiring data in the crosswise plane. The chevron synthetic jet shows the presence of streamwise vortices together with a wavy-like vortex ring. The streamwise vortices disappear at approximately 4.5 diameters downstream from the nozzle exit where the vortex ring resembles a round circular one. The current investigation establishes that it is possible to generate a synthetic jet even in presence of a chevron exit nozzle, which does not disrupt the azimuthal coherence but confers a particular pattern to the vortex ring

Stereo PIV measurements on circular and chevron synthetic jets

Abstract.Aerodynamics, Wind Energy & PropulsionAerospace Engineerin

Il linfoma nasale del gatto : valutazione citologica, istologica e immunoistochimica

Il linfoma \ue8 il tumore primario nasale pi\uf9 comune nel gatto. Sono state esaminate biopsie endoscopiche di lesioni nasali in 156 gatti. Le biopsie sono state fissate in formalina e processate routinariamente. Le diagnosi istologiche risultavano 35 linfomi, 23 neoplasie di origine epiteliale e 17 sarcomi. In 79 casi si evidenziava un processo infiammatorio (polipo, rinite linfoplasmacellulare, altra rinite). Per i linfomi 26 casi venivano classificati clinicamente come nasali primari, 6 casi erano nasali e nasofaringei, 3 erano solo il rinofaringei. Per 26/35 di linfoma erano disponibili campioni citologici colorati con May Gr\ufcnwald-Giemsa. Nei casi di linfoma venivano applicate la classificazione WHO e colorazioni immunoistochimiche anti-CD20, -CD3 e -FeLV p27 e -gp70 e Calicivirus. La maggioranza dei gatti era Comune Europea (n=28), con et\ue0 media di 10,5 anni (range 1-19 anni) e prevalenza maschile (F/M=0,54). I linfomi erano caratterizzati da crescita diffusa (31) o crescita follicolare o nodulare (4). Tre casi sono stati diagnosticati come plasmocitomi, 12 come linfomi a piccole cellule, 6 a medie cellule e 11 a grosse cellule. In 30 casi si evidenziava un fenotipo B, l\u2019espressione di proteine di FeLV si evidenziava in FeLV. Una nuova entit\ue0 diagnosticata in questa sede \ue8 stata un linfoma centrofollicolare di I grado. La maggioranza dei linfomi era caratterizzata da comportamento aggressivo e prognosi sfavorevole. L\u2019esame necroscopico \ue8 stato eseguito in 4 gatti; in un caso, il tumore era limitato al rinofaringe, mentre negli altri \ue8 stato dimostrata una progressione con coinvolgimento di alcuni organi interni

Diagnostic accuracy of brush cytology in canine chronic intranasal disease

BACKGROUND: Most cases of canine chronic intranasal disease cannot be differentiated based on clinical examination alone, and biopsy is often required for a definitive diagnosis. Nonsurgical cytologic and histologic biopsy techniques represent desirable diagnostic approaches. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of brush cytology in differentiating non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases in dogs with chronic intranasal disease. METHODS: Cytologic samples of lesions in dogs with chronic intranasal disease were obtained by brushing over a 12-year period. All dogs had complete physical examinations as well as radiographic, rhinoscopic, and cytologic evaluation. Histologic diagnosis, follow-up clinical information, or both were used as the gold standard, and dogs free of disease or with no progression of disease at 1 year were considered negative for neoplasia. Indicators of performance of brush cytology in detecting neoplasia were calculated and included sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio. RESULTS: Samples of nasal brushings from 138 dogs were evaluated. Of 62 cases of neoplastic disease, true-positive and false-negative diagnoses were made using cytologic evaluation in 44 (71.0%)and 18 (29.0%) cases, respectively. False-negative diagnoses of neoplasia were not attributed to low cellularity, but to the presence of inflammatory cells that masked neoplastic cells. Brush cytology had a sensitivity of 0.71, specificity of 0.99, positive likelihood ratio of 53.94, negative likelihood ratio of 0.29, and diagnostic odds ratio of 188.33. CONCLUSIONS: Brush cytology has good diagnostic accuracy for chronic intranasal lesions in dogs