Else Frenkel Brunswik and Contemporary Sociologists

The article presents and discusses an unpublished critical remark written by Robert K Merton which addressed Else Frenkel Brunswik's contribution to The Authoritarian Personality. The author contextualizes both Merton’s remarks and the book’s reception by other contemporary sociologists

Global Distribution of Human-Associated Fecal Genetic Markers in Reference Samples from Six Continents

Numerous bacterial genetic markers are available for the molecular detection of human sources of fecal pollution in environmental waters. However, widespread application is hindered by a lack of knowledge regarding geographical stability, limiting implementation to a small number of well-characterized regions. This study investigates the geographic distribution of five human-associated genetic markers (HF183/BFDrev, HF183/BacR287, BacHum-UCD, BacH, and Lachno2) in municipal wastewaters (raw and treated) from 29 urban and rural wastewater treatment plants (750-4»400»000 population equivalents) from 13 countries spanning six continents. In addition, genetic markers were tested against 280 human and nonhuman fecal samples from domesticated, agricultural and wild animal sources. Findings revealed that all genetic markers are present in consistently high concentrations in raw (median log10 7.2-8.0 marker equivalents (ME) 100 mL-1) and biologically treated wastewater samples (median log10 4.6-6.0 ME 100 mL-1) regardless of location and population. The false positive rates of the various markers in nonhuman fecal samples ranged from 5% to 47%. Results suggest that several genetic markers have considerable potential for measuring human-associated contamination in polluted environmental waters. This will be helpful in water quality monitoring, pollution modeling and health risk assessment (as demonstrated by QMRAcatch) to guide target-oriented water safety management across the globe.Fil: Mayer, René E.. Vienna University of Technology; Austria. Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health; AustriaFil: Reischer, Georg. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Ixenmaier, Simone K.. Vienna University of Technology; Austria. Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health; AustriaFil: Derx, Julia. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Blaschke, Alfred Paul. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Ebdon, James E.. University of Brighton; Reino UnidoFil: Linke, Rita. Vienna University of Technology; Austria. Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water And Health; AustriaFil: Egle, Lukas. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Ahmed, Warish. Csiro Land And Water; AustraliaFil: Blanch, Anicet R.. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Byamukama, Denis. Makerere University; UgandaFil: Savill, Marion. Affordable Water Limited;Fil: Mushi, Douglas. Sokoine University Of Agriculture; TanzaniaFil: Cristobal, Hector Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Edge, Thomas A.. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. Environment and Climate Change Canada; CanadáFil: Schade, Margit A.. Bavarian Environment Agency; AlemaniaFil: Aslan, Asli. Georgia Southern University; Estados UnidosFil: Brooks, Yolanda M.. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Sommer, Regina. Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water And Health; Austria. Medizinische Universitat Wien; AustriaFil: Masago, Yoshifumi. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Sato, Maria I.. Cia. Ambiental do Estado de Sao Paulo. Departamento de Análises Ambientais; BrasilFil: Taylor, Huw D.. University of Brighton; Reino UnidoFil: Rose, Joan B.. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Wuertz, Stefan. Nanyang Technological University. Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; SingapurFil: Shanks, Orin. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Estados UnidosFil: Piringer, Harald. Vrvis Research Center; AustriaFil: Mach, Robert L.. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Savio, Domenico. Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences; AustriaFil: Zessner, Matthias. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Farnleitner, Andreas. Vienna University of Technology; Austria. Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water And Health; Austria. Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences; Austri

The distribution of native and introduced species of crayfish in Austria

This account concentrates on the six species of crayfish found in Austria, and the current state of knowledge on their distribution and laws affecting conservation. In general the occurrence and distribution of crayfish in Austria is poorly known, although information obtained by researchers and the general public, after careful checking, is increasing. Three native crayfish species occur in Austria: Austropotamobius torrentium which is relatively widespread, A. pallipes with a restricted distribution, and Astacus astacus which is widespread. Three species of non-native (alien) crayfish have been recorded from a total of 158 localities in Austria. They are Astacus leptodactylus from eastern Europe, and two Nearctic species: Pacifastacus leniusculus and Orconectes limosus. The introduction of alien species causes considerable problems as they act as vectors of crayfish plague and are able to outcompete native species by higher reproductive capacities

Austrian Philosophy and its Institutions: Remarks on the Philosophical Society of the University of Vienna (1888-1938)

This study examines the place of the Philosophical Society of the University of Vienna (1888-1938) in the evolution of the history of philosophy in Austria up to the establishment of the Vienna Circle in 1929. I will examine three aspects of the relationship between the Austrian members of the Vienna Circle and the Philosophical Society which has been emphasized by several historians of the Vienna Circle: the first aspect concerns the theory of a first Vienna Circle formed mainly by H. Hahn, P. Frank and O. Neurath; the second aspect is the contention that the missing link between the Vienna Circle and the Bolzano tradition in Austria is Alois Höfler, a student of Brentano and Meinong; I will finally examine the link they established between the annexation of the Philosophical Society to the Kant-Gesellschaft in 1927 and the founding of the Vienna Circle in 1929. I will argue that this institution played a key role in the history of philosophy in Austria and is partly responsible for the formation of the Vienna Circle

Monograph of Chinese Aceraceae

The purpose of this work is to summarize our present knowledge of the Acereous plants of Chinai, Since Pax published his last monograph of Aceraceae2 in 1902, the multiplicity of new species and the huge collections of material which are not easily identified, have particularly emphasized the somewhat pressing requirement for a critical review and the necessity for supplementary descriptions and special notes.This work was continued over a period of more than five years. During this time various herbaria were visited where type- specimens and numerous collections were carefully examined. The main work has been done at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. I am greatly indebted to Professor Sir William Wright Smith, who has given me continual encouragement during the course of my work. My best thanks are also due to Dr. J. M. Cowan for invaluable suggestions and criticism; to Mr. W. E. Evans for special arrangement of material; to Cdr. J. T. Johnstone for assistance in gathering literature, and to Dr, H. R. Fletcher for his critical reading of some parts of the manuscript. I should like also to tender my sincere thanks to Professor S. S. Chien of the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Nanking, under whose supervision I laid the basis of my work there. I am very obliged to Professor A. Rehder of the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachussetts, U.S.A.; Professor H. Handel -Mazzetti of the Botanic Institute and Garden, Vienna, Austria; Professor H. H. Hu of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping; Professor W. Y. Chun of the Botanic Institute of Sun - Yatsen University, Canton; and to Professor F. P. Metcalf of the Lingnan University, Canton, for their kindness in sending me material, and valuable suggestions on some special problems. My warmest thanks are also due to the authorities of various herbaria - too numerous to be mentioned individually - who sent specimens on loan. I wish to express my special acknowledgment to Mr. J. Ramsbottom of the Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History, London; to Sir Arthur W. Hill and Dr. A. D. Cotton of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England; to Professor L. Diels and Professor R. Pilger of the Botanic Museum, Berlin -Dahlem, Germany; to Professor F. Pax and Professor H. Winkler of the Botanic Institute, Breslau, Germany; to Professor K. Sussenguth of the Botanic Garden, Munich, Germany; to Dr. K. Keissler of the Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria; to Professor F. Knoll of the Botanic Institute and Garden, Vienna, Austria; to Professor G. Negri and Professor A. Messeri of the Botanic Museum, Florence, Italy; and to Professor H. Humbert of the Natural History Museum, Paris, France, for their courtesy in granting me the privilege of examining specimens in their herbari

A theory of Austria

The present essay seeks, by way of the Austrian example, to make a contribution to what might be called the philosophy of the supranational state. More specifically, we shall attempt to use certain ideas on the philosophy of Gestalten as a basis for understanding some aspects of that political and cultural phenomenon which was variously called the Austrian Empire, the Habsburg Empire, the Danube Monarchy or Kakanien

Application of Quantum Cascade Laser-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for In-Line Discrimination of Coeluting Proteins from Preparative Size Exclusion Chromatography

An external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL)-based flow-through mid-infrared (IR) spectrometer was placed in line with a preparative size exclusion chromatography system to demonstrate real-time analysis of protein elutions with strongly overlapping chromatographic peaks. Two different case studies involving three and four model proteins were performed under typical lab-scale purification conditions. The large optical path length (25 μm), high signal-to-noise ratios, and wide spectral coverage (1350 to 1750 cm-1) of the QCL-IR spectrometer allow for robust spectra acquisition across both the amide I and II bands. Chemometric analysis by self-modeling mixture analysis and multivariate curve resolution enabled accurate quantitation and structural fingerprinting across the protein elution transient. The acquired concentration profiles were found to be in excellent agreement with the off-line high-performance liquid chromatography reference analytics performed on the collected effluent fractions. These results demonstrate that QCL-IR detectors can be used effectively for in-line, real-time analysis of protein elutions, providing critical quality attribute data that are typically only accessible through time-consuming and resource-intensive off-line methods.Fil: Akhgar, Christopher K.. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Ebner, Julian. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Alcaraz, Mirta R.. Institute Of Chemical Technologies And Analytics; AustriaFil: Kopp, Julian. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Goicoechea, Hector Casimiro. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Spadiut, Oliver. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Schwaighofer, Andreas. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Lendl, Bernhard. Vienna University of Technology; Austri

Quantitative Analysis of Candida Cell Wall Components by Flow Cytometrywith Triple-Fluorescence Staining

This work was supported by the European Commission within the FP7 Framework Programme [Fungitect-Grant No 602125]. We also thank Thomas Sauer, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Austria, for technical support at the FACS facility of the MFPL, Karl Kuchler, MFPL-Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria and Ernst Thuer, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain, for advice on statistical approaches. Neil Gow acknowledges the support of the Wellcome Trust and the MRC Centre for Medical MycologyPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Investigating the Dark Figure of COVID-19 Cases in Austria: Borrowing From the Decode Genetics Study in Iceland

The number of undetected cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections is expected to be a multiple of the reported figures mainly due to the assumed high proportion of asymptomatic infections and to limited availability of trustworthy testing resources. Relying on the deCODE genetics study in Iceland, which offers large scale testing among the general population, we investigate the magnitude and uncertainty of the number of undetected cases COVID-19 cases in Austria. We formulate several scenarios relying on data on the number of COVID-19 cases which have been hospitalized, in intensive care, as well as on the number of deaths and positive tests in Iceland and Austria. We employ frequentist and Bayesian methods for estimating the dark figure in Austria based on the hypothesized scenarios and for accounting for the uncertainty surrounding this figure. Using data available on April 01, 2020, our study contains two main findings: First, we find the estimated number of infections to be on average around 8.35 times higher than the recorded number of infections. Second, the width of the uncertainty bounds associated with this figure depends highly on the statistical method employed. At a 95% level, lower bounds range from 3.96 to 6.83 and upper bounds range from 9.82 to 12.61. Overall, our findings confirm the need for systematic tests in the general population of Austria