634 research outputs found
Foundational Skills for Science Communication: A Preliminary Framework
Because science communication training programs are often developed by individuals or programs, different curricula frequently emphasize different skills. While there is great value in sharing these diverse approaches to this training, we saw an opportunity for the field to develop greater coherence. To that end, we examined work from science communication researchers, evaluators, and trainers and synthesized a set of recommendations for core skills that scientists should develop to communicate effectively with different publics.In order to work towards greater coherence across different training approaches supporting
science communication and public engagement efforts, we present a preliminary framework
that outlines foundational science communication skills. This framework categorizes
different skills and their component parts and includes: identifying and aligning engagement
goals; adapting to communication landscape and audience; messaging; language;
narrative; design; nonverbal communication; writing style; and providing space for dialogue.
Through this framework and associated practical, research, and evaluative literatures, we
aim to support the training community to explore more concretely opportunities that bridge
research and practice and to collectively discuss core competencies in science
communication and public engagement.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150489/1/Foundational Science Communication Skills paper - final, formatted 7-30-19_A.pdfDescription of Foundational Science Communication Skills paper - final, formatted 7-30-19_A.pdf : Main Articl
Stripes: Why hole rich lines are antiphase domain walls?
For stripes of hole rich lines in doped antiferromagnets, we investigate the
competition between anti-phase and in-phase domain wall ground state
configurations. We argue that a phase transition must occure as a function of
the electron/hole filling fraction of the domain wall. Due to {\em transverse}
kinetic hole fluctuations, empty domain walls are always anti-phase. At
arbitrary electron filling fraction () of the domain wall (and in
particular for as in LaNdSrCuO), it is essential to
account also for the transverse magnetic interactions of the electrons and
their mobility {\em along} the domain wall.
We find that the transition from anti-phase to in-phase stripe domain wall
occurs at a critical filling fraction , for any value of
. We further use our model to estimate the spin-wave
velocity in a stripe system. Finally, relate the results of our microscopic
model to previous Landau theory approach to stripes.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Evolution of Broader Impacts
This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number OIA-1810732 and MCB-1940655, the Kavli Foundation and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, the Kavli Foundation or Burroughs Wellcome Fund
Identifying the components of the solid–electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries
The importance of the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) for reversible operation of Li-ion batteries has been well established, but the understanding of its chemistry remains incomplete. The current consensus on the identity of the major organic SEI component is that it consists of lithium ethylene di-carbonate (LEDC), which is thought to have high Li-ion conductivity, but low electronic conductivity (to protect the Li/C electrode). Here, we report on the synthesis and structural and spectroscopic characterizations of authentic LEDC and lithium ethylene mono-carbonate (LEMC). Direct comparisons of the SEI grown on graphite anodes suggest that LEMC, instead of LEDC, is likely to be the major SEI component. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies on LEMC and lithium methyl carbonate (LMC) reveal unusual layered structures and Li+ coordination environments. LEMC has Li+ conductivities of >1 × 10−6 S cm−1, while LEDC is almost an ionic insulator. The complex interconversions and equilibria of LMC, LEMC and LEDC in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions are also investigated
Dynamic behaviour of interphases and its implication on high-energy-density cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries
Undesired electrode-electrolyte interactions prevent the use of many high-energy-density cathode materials in practical lithium-ion batteries. Efforts to address their limited service life have predominantly focused on the active electrode materials and electrolytes. Here an advanced three-dimensional chemical and imaging analysis on a model material, the nickel-rich layered lithium transition-metal oxide, reveals the dynamic behaviour of cathode interphases driven by conductive carbon additives (carbon black) in a common nonaqueous electrolyte. Region-of-interest sensitive secondary-ion mass spectrometry shows that a cathode-electrolyte interphase, initially formed on carbon black with no electrochemical bias applied, readily passivates the cathode particles through mutual exchange of surface species. By tuning the interphase thickness, we demonstrate its robustness in suppressing the deterioration of the electrode/electrolyte interface during high-voltage cell operation. Our results provide insights on the formation and evolution of cathode interphases, facilitating development of in situ surface protection on high-energy-density cathode materials in lithium-based batteries.ope
Allylic ionic liquid electrolyte-assisted electrochemical surface passivation of LiCoO2 for advanced, safe lithium-ion batteries
Room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) electrolytes have attracted much attention for use in advanced, safe lithium-ion batteries (LIB) owing to their nonvolatility, high conductivity, and great thermal stability. However, LIBs containing RTIL-electrolytes exhibit poor cyclability because electrochemical side reactions cause problematic surface failures of the cathode. Here, we demonstrate that a thin, homogeneous surface film, which is electrochemically generated on LiCoO2 from an RTIL-electrolyte containing an unsaturated substituent on the cation (1-allyl-1-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, AMPip-TFSI), can avert undesired side reactions. The derived surface film comprised of a high amount of organic species from the RTIL cations homogenously covered LiCoO2 with a ,25 nm layer and helped suppress unfavorable thermal reactions as well as electrochemical side reactions. The superior performance of the cell containing the AMPip-TFSI electrolyte was further elucidated by surface, electrochemical, and thermal analyses.open1
Prognostic factors in 264 adults with invasive Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans infection reported in the literature and FungiScope
Invasive Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans infections are an emerging threat in
immunocompromised and occasionally in healthy hosts. Scedosporium spp. is intrinsically resistant
to most, L. prolificans to all the antifungal drugs currently approved, raising concerns about
appropriate treatment decisions. High mortality rates of up to 90% underline the need for comprehensive
diagnostic workup and even more for new, effective antifungal drugs to improve
patient outcome. For a comprehensive analysis, we identified cases of severe Scedosporium spp.
and L. prolificans infections from the literature diagnosed in 2000 or later and the FungiScopeVR
registry. For 208 Scedosporium spp. infections solid organ transplantation (n¼58, 27.9%) and for
56 L. prolificans infection underlying malignancy (n¼28, 50.0%) were the most prevalent risk factors.
L. prolificans infections frequently presented as fungemia (n¼26, 46.4% versus n¼12, 5.8%
for Scedosporium spp.). Malignancy, fungemia, CNS and lung involvement predicted worse outcome
for scedosporiosis and lomentosporiosis. Patients treated with voriconazole had a better
overall outcome in both groups compared to treatment with amphotericin B formulations. This
review discusses the epidemiology, prognostic factors, pathogen susceptibility to approved and
investigational antifungals, and treatment strategies of severe infections caused by Scedosporium
spp. and L. prolificans
A practical perspective on the potential of rechargeable Mg batteries
Emerging energy storage systems based on abundant and cost-effective materials are key to overcome the global energy and climate crisis of the 21st century. Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries (RMB), based on Earth-abundant magnesium, can provide a cheap and environmentally responsible alternative to the benchmark Li-ion technology, especially for large energy storage applications. Currently, RMB technology is the subject of intense research efforts at laboratory scale. However, these emerging approaches must be placed in a real-world perspective to ensure that they satisfy key technological requirements. In an attempt to bridge the gap between laboratory advancements and industrial development demands, herein, we report the first non-aqueous multilayer RMB pouch cell prototypes and propose a roadmap for a new advanced RMB chemistry. Through this work, we aim to show the great unrealized potential of RMBs.This work was funded by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the FET Proactive call with grant agreement no 824066 via the “E-MAGIC” project
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