Russian economic stability in the nearest future

Russian economy was often under the influence of crises. The last one in 1998 has not been time-consuming, and after the phase of stagnation Russia is taking benefits of stabile growth till now. However, the sources of this growth are off the country and the prices of Russian export goods could change at any moment. Russia is not prepared for this changes. Moreover, the most fragile part of Russian economy – the banking system – has some problems with stability. If Russian officials do not change their policy, it is possible that in 2006-2008 this country will face another systemic crisis.Gospodarka Rosji; stabilność gospodarcza; wzrost gospodarczy; kryzys

Scalable method of searching for full-period Nonlinear Feedback Shift Registers with GPGPU. New List of Maximum Period NLFSRs.

This paper addresses the problem of efficient searching for Nonlinear Feedback Shift Registers (NLFSRs) with a guaranteed full period. The maximum possible period for an $n$-bit NLFSR is $2^n-1$ (all-zero state is omitted). %but omitting all-0 state makes the period $2^n-1$ in their longest cycle of states. A multi-stages hybrid algorithm which utilizes Graphics Processor Units (GPU) power was developed for processing data-parallel throughput computation.Usage of abovementioned algorithm allows to give an extended list of n-bit NLFSR with maximum period for 7 cryptographically applicable types of feedback functions

State-owned enterprises in Russia : the origin, importance and principles of operation

The aim of this paper is to analyse the state enterprise sector in Russia in terms of its origin, economic significance, principles of operation and efficiency. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) and those dependent on the state – constituting about 30–40% of the full potential of the Russian economy – are particularly strongly represented within the largest Russian companies, in sectors defined as strategic. Therefore, the classification, legal basis and forms of the above-mentioned enterprises will be analysed. It appears that Russian state-owned enterprises operate according to an entirely different set of rules than companies in developed countries and this situation is likely to be intentional. This study will be conducted on the basis of official statistics, a few empirical studies and the analysis of international literature (mainly contained in the various studies conducted by organisations such as the OECD and the World Bank). The following analyses will be carried out: the analysis of legal acts concerning SOEs in Russia, the presence of SOEs will be analysed across the ranking list of the largest Russian companies (including the Top 400 list). Studies of scientific papers in Russian and English will also be carried out. Knowledge on the functioning of the Russian state-owned enterprises and information about the model of corporate governance used in this country (corporate governance of the country) are very limited. Moreover, in papers by various authors one can find ambiguous or even contradictory opinions. This results mostly from differences in the assumptions and definitions, or simply from the use of unreliable / incomplete data. The author expects that this paper will result in the creation of a clear, dependable and objective image of the Russian state-owned enterprise sector. During the past twenty years of the Russian transformation there have been two opposite processes in the field of state property. The first one is privatisation and the second one is the process of strengthening the presence of the state in certain branches of the Russian economy. These two processes will be analyzed in this paper. This analysis will clearly show that despite a huge decline in the SOE sector after the transformation, this sector is still very significant to the Russian economy. Moreover, these enterprises play a crucial role, since they are concentrated in the most strategic sectors, and are more profitable and have other competitive advantages over private enterprises

Stabilność gospodarcza Rosji w najbliższej przyszłości

Russian economy was often under the influence of crises. The last one in 1998 has not been time-consuming, and after the phase of stagnation Russia is taking benefits of stabile growth till now. However, the sources of this growth are off the country and the prices of Russian export goods could change at any moment. Russia is not prepared for this changes. Moreover, the most fragile part of Russian economy – the banking system – has some problems with stability. If Russian officials do not change their policy, it is possible that in 2006-2008 this country will face another systemic crisis

Stabilność gospodarcza Rosji w najbliższej przyszłości

Russian economy was often under the influence of crises. The last one in 1998 has not been time-consuming, and after the phase of stagnation Russia is taking benefits of stabile growth till now. However, the sources of this growth are off the country and the prices of Russian export goods could change at any moment. Russia is not prepared for this changes. Moreover, the most fragile part of Russian economy – the banking system – has some problems with stability. If Russian officials do not change their policy, it is possible that in 2006-2008 this country will face another systemic crisis

Identifying experts in the field of visual arts using oculomotor signals

In this article, we aimed to present a system that enables identifying experts in the field of visual art based on oculographic data. The difference between the two classified groups of tested people concerns formal education. At first, regions of interest (ROI) were determined based on position of fixations on the viewed picture. For each ROI, a set of features (the number of fixations and their durations) was calculated that enabled distinguishing professionals from laymen. The developed system was tested for several dozen of users. We used k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers for classification process. Classification results proved that it is possible to distinguish experts from non-experts

Chromium distribution in shoots of macrophyte Callitriche cophocarpa Sendtn.

The aim of the study was the analysis of Cr distribution in shoots of the macrophyte Callitriche cophocarpa by means of two X-ray-based techniques: micro X-ray fluorescence (mu XRF) and electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA). Plants were treated with 100 mu M (5.2 mg l(-1)) chromium solutions for 7 days. Cr was introduced independently at two speciations as Cr(III) and Cr(VI), known for their diverse physicochemical properties and different influence on living organisms. A comparative analysis of Cr(III)-treated plants by EPXMA and mu XRF demonstrated high deposition of Cr in epidermal glands/hairs localized on leaves and stems of the plant shoots. Cr in Cr(III)-treated plants was recorded solely in glands/hairs, and the element was not present in any other structures. On the other hand, Cr in Cr(VI)-treated group of plants was rather found in vascular bundles. Moreover, the concentration of Cr in Cr(VI)-treated plants was significantly lower than in plants incubated in Cr(III) solution. The results obtained in this work suggest differences in chromium uptake, transport and accumulation dependent on the oxidative state of the element

The Effect of Art Expertise on Eye Fixation-Related Potentials During Aesthetic Judgment Task in Focal and Ambient Modes

This study aimed to determine the effect of expertise on the eye fixation-related potentials (EFRPs) during the aesthetic evaluation of images, independently in focal and ambient modes of visual processing. Focal and ambient modes were identified by averaging EFRP waveforms about the beginning of long eye fixations followed by short saccades and short fixations followed by long saccades, respectively. Thirty experts with formal training in visual arts and thirty-two non-experts freely viewed 150 figurative paintings presented for 20 s, each. After viewing the painting, the participant answered the question: “Is this painting beautiful?” Differences were found between the group of experts and non-experts due to the amplitude of EFRPs but only in focal mode, which is related to top-down, focused attention on the objects. Long fixations of experts had a higher amplitude of the parietal P2 recorded from right site than non-experts. In the group of experts, the frontal P2 was higher for long fixations on not beautiful paintings in comparison to long fixation on beautiful paintings. Moreover, in focal mode, there were higher occipital lambda response and N1-P2 complex for not beautiful than beautiful paintings. These results are discussed in the light of the results of studies on the effect of visual art expertise on event-related potentials (ERPs), ERP studies during aesthetic judgment task, and the knowledge of different modes of visual processing and EFRPs

The scope of obligatory civil liability insurance of entities conducting medical activities and liability for damages resulting from violations of patients’ rights in the Polish law

Abstract: In the elaboration, the objective scope of obligatory civil liability insurance of entities conducting medical activities in the context of protection from damages resulting from violations of patients’ rights was presented. Based on art. 25 sec. 1 of the Act on Medical Activity, insurance protection covers damages that are the result of the provision of medical services or an illegal omission to provide them. It concerns consequences of erroneous actions related to the provision of medical services as well as damages occurring as a result of an unjustified refusal to provide a medical service or premature cessation of the provision of services if there was an objective prerequisite to continue them driven by medical grounds. The objective scope of insurance protection resulting from obligatory civil liability insurance of an entity conducting medical activities does not apply – as a rule – to damages resulting from violations of patients’ rights. It cannot be considered that a damage related to violation of a patient’s right constitutes a consequence of the provision of medical services or an illegal omission of the provisions of medical services. Such damage is a consequence of a violation of the patient’s right. Financial consequences of patients’ claims resulting from violations of patients’ rights will be borne by entities conducting medical activities. If a patient requests a financial redress, its payment will not be made from the obligatory civil liability insurance policy. The violation of patient’s right to medical services constitutes the only exception

Nontuberculous mycobacteria strains isolated from patients between 2013 and 2017 in Poland. Our data with respect to the global trends

Introduction: During the last decades the prevalence of NTM infections has increased, especially in developed countries. The aim of the study was to provide an overview on all NTM isolated from clinical samples in Poland between 2013 and 2017. Material and methods: The study comprised 2799 clinical specimens, mostly respiratory accessed in the reference laboratory of National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute in Warsaw and in the Wielkopolska Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Poland, 2013–2017. Results: During the study period 35 species of NTM were isolated . The number of isolates increased almost 1.6-fold: from 420 in 2013 to 674 in 2017. M. kansasii, M. avium, M. xenopi, M. gordonae and M. intracellulare were the most common species. This NTM pattern was rather stable over the time. If the aggregated amount of all MAC species was taken into account they dominated over M. kansasii from 2015. M. avium and M. intracellulare were more often isolated from women, while M. kansasii, M. gordonae and M. xenopi predominated in men. Men and women were infected almost with the same frequency. In older patients 65+ women were in majority, quite opposite to those aged 25 to 64 years. Conclusion: In Poland, like in other countries increased the frequency of isolated NTM. M. kansasii and M. avium were the most frequently identified species from clinical samples. Men and women were infected with NTM with the same frequency