Globales Lernen

Meine Diplomarbeit mit dem Titel „Globales Lernen – Neue Bildungserfahrung für Südtirols Jugend“ geht der Frage nach, ob verschiedene außerschulische Bildungsangebote in Südtirol Globales Lernen für Jugendliche erfahrbar machen. Wird Globales Lernen in der der Jugendarbeit in Südtirol umgesetzt und welche Chancen hat es? Struktur der Arbeit und Arbeitsweise Im 2. Kapitel wird das Konzept des Globalen Lernens vorgestellt. Definitionen, ein Entstehungszusammenhang und Anforderungen an das Globale Lernen werden diskutiert. Bedeutend ist vor allem die Frage nach Prinzipien des Globalen Lernens und welche Kompetenzen es fördern kann bzw. soll. Dies wird im 3. Kapitel erläutert. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit stehen die Kapitel 5 und 6. Im 5. Kapitel wird das Untersuchungsfeld Südtirol vorgestellt. Im 6. Kapitel wird versucht, die eingangs gestellte Fragestellung, nach den Möglichkeiten der Erfahrbarkeit Globalen Lernens in der außerschulischen Jugendarbeit zu beantworten. Dafür wird unterschiedliches Material wie Homepages, Konzepte, Broschüren, Publikationen usw. von folgenden Organisationen analysiert: EURAC Bozen, Katholische Jungschar Südtirol, Organisation für eine solidarische Welt (OEW), Operation Daywork, Jugendzentrum Papperlapapp, Young Caritas, Kolpingjugend Südtirol. Die Analyse erfolgt mittels eines, im 3. Kapitel erarbeiteten Prinzipienkatalogs des Globalen Lernens, welcher als Untersuchungsrahmen dient. Jede Organisation wird einzeln untersucht, da von ihnen sehr unterschiedliches Material sowohl inhaltlich als auch vom Umfang her zur Verfügung steht. Ergebnisse der Analyse Die Analyse der Materialien hat gezeigt, dass bei unterschiedlichen Aktionen und Programmen zu global relevanten Themen wie z. B. Eine Welt, Fairer Handel, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, Umwelt, Kultur und Fremdenfeindlichkeit für Jugendliche in Südtirol, zwar nicht Globales Lernen drauf steht, in vielen Fällen aber Prinzipien des Globalen Lernens wieder zu finden sind. Die eingangs gestellte Frage, ob Globales Lernen in Südtirol umgesetzt wird, genauer gesagt, ob außerschulische Bildungsangebote für Jugendliche in Südtirol Globales Lernen erfahrbar machen, kann mit ja beantwortet werden. Die Teilnahme an Projekten und Aktionen, die von den unterschiedlichen Organisationen und Vereinen in Südtirol angeboten werden, bieten den Jugendlichen die Möglichkeit, Globales Lernen punktuell zu erfahren. Globales Lernen wird zwar nirgendwo konkret benannt, die Untersuchung von Inhalt, Methode und die Formulierung von Zielsetzungen haben aber gezeigt, dass Globales Lernen auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen der außerschulischen Bildungsarbeit für Jugendliche in Südtirol konzeptionell verankert ist.This diploma thesis „Global Education – A new Education Experience for the South Tyrolean Youth“ raise the question whether extracurricular educational programmes in the South Tyrol can acquaint youths with Global Education. One central question in this research is: Has Global Education been implemented into youth work in the South Tyrol and which opportunities does it offer? Structure and Method Chapter 2 introduces the concept of Global Education. Definitions, the context and the demands on Global Education are discussed as well as its principles and competences in chapter 3. The focus of this thesis is on chapters 5 and 6. In chapter 5 the field of research, the South Tyrol, is introduced and in chapter 6 the introductory question for acquaintance of Global Education within the youth work in South Tyrol is answered. Therefore a variety of materials e.g. homepages, concepts, brochures and other publications by the following organisations are analysed: EURAC Bozen, Katholische Jungschar Südtirol, Organisation für eine solidarische Welt (OEW), Operation Daywork, Jugendzentrum Papperlapapp, Young Caritas and Kolpingjugend Südtirol. This analysis is undertaken according to a Global Education principle checklist compiled in chapter 3 which is also used as the research frame. Each organisation is analysed separately due to the differences in quantity and quality of the available materials. Results The analysis of the materials shows that many activities and programmes for youths in the South Tyrol involving globally relevant topics, e.g. One World, Fair Trade, Development Cooperation, Environment, Culture and Racism are not categorised as issues for Global Education but they follow its principles. Therefore the answer to the question posed above can be answered with yes, extracurricular educational programmes acquaint youths in the South Tyrol with Global Education. The participation in projects and activities offered by organisations and associations in the South Tyrol gives youths possibilities to acquaint with Global Education at least selectively. Global Education is not concretely named but the analysis of content, method and formulation of goals shows, that Global Education is tied to extracurricular educational programmes for youths in the South Tyrol on different levels

Effectiveness, cost-utility and physiological underpinnings of the FIBROWALK multicomponent therapy in online and outdoor format in individuals with fibromyalgia: Study protocol of a randomized, controlled trial (On&Out study)

BDNF; Cytokines; FibromyalgiaBDNF; Citocinas; FibromialgiaBDNF; Citocines; FibromiàlgiaIntroduction: The On&Out study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness, cost-utility and physiological underpinnings of the FIBROWALK multicomponent intervention conducted in two different settings: online (FIBRO-On) or outdoors (FIBRO-Out). Both interventions have proved to be efficacious in the short-term but there is no study assessing their comparative effectiveness nor their long-term effects. For the first time, this study will also evaluate the cost-utility (6-month time-horizon) and the effects on immune-inflammatory biomarkers and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels of both interventions. The objectives of this 6-month, randomized, controlled trial (RCT) are 1) to examine the effectiveness and cost-utility of adding FIBRO-On or FIBRO-Out to Treatment-As-Usual (TAU) for individuals with fibromyalgia (FM); 2) to identify pre-post differences in blood biomarker levels in the three study arms and 3) to analyze the role of process variables as mediators of 6-month follow-up clinical outcomes. Methods and analysis: Participants will be 225 individuals with FM recruited at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (Barcelona, Spain), randomly allocated to one of the three study arms: TAU vs. TAU + FIBRO-On vs. TAU + FIBRO-Out. A comprehensive assessment to collect functional impairment, pain, fatigue, depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, central sensitization, physical function, sleep quality, perceived cognitive dysfunction, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, psychological inflexibility in pain and pain knowledge will be conducted pre-intervention, at 6 weeks, post-intervention (12 weeks), and at 6-month follow-up. Changes in immune-inflammatory biomarkers [i.e., IL-6, CXCL8, IL-17A, IL-4, IL-10, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)] and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor will be evaluated in 40 participants in each treatment arm (total n = 120) at pre- and post-treatment. Quality of life and direct and indirect costs will be evaluated at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Linear mixed-effects regression models using restricted maximum likelihood, mediational models and a full economic evaluation applying bootstrapping techniques, acceptability curves and sensitivity analyses will be computed

Dynamic control of decision and movement speed in the human basal ganglia

To optimally adjust our behavior to changing environments we need to both adjust the speed of our decisions and movements. Yet little is known about the extent to which these processes are controlled by common or separate mechanisms. Furthermore, while previous evidence from computational models and empirical studies suggests that the basal ganglia play an important role during adjustments of decision-making, it remains unclear how this is implemented. Leveraging the opportunity to directly access the subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia in humans undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery, we here combine invasive electrophysiological recordings, electrical stimulation and computational modelling of perceptual decision-making. We demonstrate that, while similarities between subthalamic control of decision- and movement speed exist, the causal contribution of the subthalamic nucleus to these processes can be disentangled. Our results show that the basal ganglia independently control the speed of decisions and movement for each hemisphere during adaptive behavior

Fungitoxic potential of ethanolic extracts of anestesia in the control of phytopathogenic diseases

AbstractThe antifungal potential of anestesia, Ottonia martiana Miq. was reassessed by factorial design, in vitro testing of fungal mycelial growth compared to the pathogenic isolates Cylindrocladium spathulatum, causal agent of black spot onyerba mate, and Botrytis cinerea causal agent of gray-mold on eucalypts. Occurrence of decomposition of bioactive of the autoclaving process was investigated using foliar detached test compared to the pathogens (1000 ppm). Ethanolic extracts - EBEtOH (filtered and autoclaved) inhibited the mycelial growth of C. spathulatum and B. cinerea (1000 ppm) and were more pronounced against B. cinerea (43.6 % and 68.9 %). EBEtOH filtered (0.22 µm) presented higher activity than EBEtOH autoclaved (C. spathulatum: 52.8 % and 43.6 %, B. cinerea: 68.9 % and 43.6 %), suggesting little decomposition ofbioactive after autoclaving. EBEtOH filtrate presented potential inhibition of 28 % in eucalypt leaves against B. cinerea. Keywords: Ottonia martiana; black spot; gray-mold. Extratos etanólicos de anestesia, Ottonia martiana Miq., foram reavaliados quanto à inibição do crescimento micelial dos fungos Cylindrocladium spathulatum (pinta-preta da erva-mate) e Botrytis cinerea (mofo-cinzento do eucalipto), por meio do planejamento fatorial. A ocorrência de decomposição de bioativos no processo de autoclavagem também foi investigada, por meio de teste de eficiência de extratos filtrados (filtro Millipore) e esterilizados (autoclave) no controle dos fitopatógenos, nas concentrações de 1, 10, 100 e 1000 ppm. Os extratos etanólicos filtrado e esterilizado inibiram o crescimento micelial dos fungos e foram mais ativos frente a B. cinerea.O extrato filtrado exibiu maior potencial antifúngico que o extrato esterilizado. O processo de esterilização por autoclavagem causou pequena decomposição dos bioativos presentes no extrato de anestesia.Palavras-chave: Anestesia; mofo-cinzento; pinta-preta. Abstract Fungitoxic potential of ethanolic extracts of anestesia in the control of phytopathogenic diseases. The antifungal potential of anestesia, Ottonia martiana Miq. was reassessed by factorial design, in vitro testing of fungal mycelial growth compared to the pathogenic isolates Cylindrocladium spathulatum, causal agent of black spot onyerba mate, and Botrytis cinerea causal agent of gray-mold on eucalypts. Occurrence of decomposition of bioactive of the autoclaving process was investigated using foliar detached test compared to the pathogens (1000 ppm). Ethanolic extracts - EBEtOH (filtered and autoclaved) inhibited the mycelial growth of C. spathulatum and B. cinerea (1000 ppm) and were more pronounced against B. cinerea (43.6 % and 68.9 %). EBEtOH filtered (0.22 µm) presented higher activity than EBEtOH autoclaved (C. spathulatum: 52.8 % and 43.6 %, B. cinerea: 68.9 % and 43.6 %), suggesting little decomposition ofbioactive after autoclaving. EBEtOH filtrate presented potential inhibition of 28 % in eucalypt leaves against B. cinerea.  Keywords: Ottonia martiana; black spot; gray-mold

THE ALLELOPATHIC AND ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIALS OF EXTRACT FROM LEAVES ACACIA LONGIFOLIA (ANDR.) WILLD

RESUMO – Os potenciais alelopático e antifúngico do extrato das folhas de Acacia longifolia (Andr.) Willd foram estudados sobre sementes e plântulas de Lactuca sativa e sobre os fungos patogênicos Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum acutatum, e Cylindrocladium spathulatum.  O percentual de sementes germinadas, o índice de velocidade de germinação, o crescimento da radícula e do hipocótilo e a atividade antifúngica foram avaliados.  O extrato apresentou atividade alelopática sobre percentual de sementes germinadas, sobre o índice de velocidade de germinação e sobre o crescimento do hipocótilo. O extrato estimulou o crescimento micelial do fungo C. acutatum e inibiu o crescimento micelial do F. oxysporum e para o fungo C. spathulatum não foi observada a inibição do crescimento

A network analysis to identify mediators of germline-driven differences in breast cancer prognosis.

Identifying the underlying genetic drivers of the heritability of breast cancer prognosis remains elusive. We adapt a network-based approach to handle underpowered complex datasets to provide new insights into the potential function of germline variants in breast cancer prognosis. This network-based analysis studies ~7.3 million variants in 84,457 breast cancer patients in relation to breast cancer survival and confirms the results on 12,381 independent patients. Aggregating the prognostic effects of genetic variants across multiple genes, we identify four gene modules associated with survival in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and one in ER-positive disease. The modules show biological enrichment for cancer-related processes such as G-alpha signaling, circadian clock, angiogenesis, and Rho-GTPases in apoptosis

Anti-Neuroinflammatory effects of the extract of Achillea fragrantissima

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The neuroinflammatory process plays a central role in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, and involves the activation of brain microglial cells. During the neuroinflammatory process, microglial cells release proinflammatory mediators such as cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). In the present study, extracts from 66 different desert plants were tested for their effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - induced production of NO by primary microglial cells. The extract of <it>Achillea fragrantissima </it>(<it>Af</it>)<it/>, which is a desert plant that has been used for many years in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, was the most efficient extract, and was further studied for additional anti-neuroinflammatory effects in these cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In the present study, the ethanolic extract prepared from <it>Af </it>was tested for its anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated primary cultures of brain microglial cells. The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) secreted by the cells were determined by reverse transcriptase-PCR and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. NO levels secreted by the activate cells were measured using Griess reagent, ROS levels were measured by 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), MMP-9 activity was measured using gel zymography, and the protein levels of the proinflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured by Western blot analysis. Cell viability was assessed using Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the media conditioned by the cells or by the crystal violet cell staining.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have found that out of the 66 desert plants tested, the extract of <it>Af </it>was the most efficient extract and inhibited ~70% of the NO produced by the LPS-activated microglial cells, without affecting cell viability. In addition, this extract inhibited the LPS - elicited expression of the proinflammatory mediators IL-1β, TNFα, MMP-9, COX-2 and iNOS in these cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Thus, phytochemicals present in the <it>Af </it>extract could be beneficial in preventing/treating neurodegenerative diseases in which neuroinflammation is part of the pathophysiology.</p