Strengths and weaknesses of small dairy farms: A comparative study in a taluka of Anand district, Gujarat

Strengths and weaknesses of small dairy farms. A comparative study in a taluka of Anand district, Gujarat. 12. Agricultural Science Congres

Certification Value to Consumers in the Coffee Industry

The coffee industry is a growing industry characterized by a complex system of interrelated economic, environmental and social issues. While having appeared initially as a response to environmental and social movements, certifications are now used by coffee retailers as a business tool to satisfy consumer demand for greater transparency. They are used as indicators that the coffee retailer is investing in traceability of its supply chain. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of coffee certifications in practice by answering the following research question: are certifications successful in communicating the various traceability efforts made by retailers? To answer this question, a survey was developed and distributed using a snowball sampling method. The 89 usable responses were analyzed by running several regressions using a backward elimination method to determine: (1) The influential factors that give consumers confidence that traceability has been done; (2) The influential factors that give consumers confidence that a specific retailer has done greater traceability efforts than others. The results of our study show that while certifications do communicate traceability efforts, they also convey confusion to consumers who are unable to articulate what specific issues and processes are affected by these certifications. Future areas of research may focus on whether educating consumers on the existing issues within the coffee industry could fix this confusion; or whether other forms of corporate social responsibility, such as investments in environmental packaging or blockchain technologies, may be more efficient

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis post extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support and literature review

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for reversible pulmonary failure in critically ill patients has increased over the last few decades. Nosocomial infections are a major complication of ECMO and fungi have been found to be a common cause. Herein, we describe a case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following ECMO, which was successfully treated with combination antifungal therapy and interferon-gamma

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, U.S. Rivers

Identification of imipenem-resistant Enterobacter asburiae isolates from distant rivers indicates an environmental reservoir for carbapenemase genes

ENTRE SYLVICULTURE ET PATURAGE DANS LES ESPACES BOISES DE LA ZONE MEDITERRANEENNE FRANÇAISE L'INNOVATION SYLVOPASTORALE EN QUESTIONS

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceIn northern Mediterranean regions, livestock farming and silviculture evolutions have them sometimes gathered sometimes separated. The marginalization of little productive and costly to exploit Mediterranean forests and the economic and climatic difficulties faced by livestock sector in these regions calls for a fresh examination of silvopastoralism. In woodlands, fodder production is staggered over the year and its herbaceous component is preserved longer thanks to the shadow of trees. So it makes for example a summer pastoral resource. The selective cutting of trees generates wood products which may be sold, besides conventional outlets such as triturating and firewood, through new marketing channels such as wood energy or construction. Grazing keeps underbrush under control and facilitates later silviculture operations. Reciprocally, silviculture operations increase the quantity of light reaching undergrowth and thereby favours the development of forage resources : grass growth, lower hanging foliage, increase in percent fruit set. They also facilitate animal circulation. The construction of this productive consistency asks several questions, at different scales, which the paper tries to answer offering : (i) a silvopastoral interpretation of wooded environments ; (ii) a characterization of trees partial taking ; (iii) a characterization of wooded areas pastoral uses ; (iv) a different levels of silvopastoral project consistency analysis

Quelles sont les conditions à réunir pour une intégration marchande porteuse de développement durable pour les paysanneries andines ?

Cet article se propose d’identifier les conditions à réunir pour qu’une intégration marchande économiquement pérenne, socialement partagée et qui ne menace pas la reproduction des écosystèmes qui en sont le support, devienne possible. La réflexion est adossée à une comparaison entre les dynamiques d’intégration marchande de deux régions andines : d’une part, les hautes terres d’Altamachi (Cordillère de Cochabamba, Bolivie) où un développement spectaculaire de la production de pomme de terre destinée au marché urbain a vu le jour, et d’autre part, la haute vallée du Rio Castrovirreyna (dans les Andes sèches péruviennes) engagée elle aussi dans un mouvement de quasi-spécialisation laitière tournée vers le marché intérieur. Dans les deux cas étudiés, les avantages comparatifs de l’une ou l’autre région pour telle ou telle production ne suffisent pas à expliquer, loin s’en faut, les dynamiques en cours. Les modalités d’accès et de gestion, individuelles et collectives, des ressources, le développement des possibilités de transport et le maintien de prix relativement rémunérateurs ont été des conditions indispensables à cette spécialisation marchande.What are the conditions for a market integration bearing sustainable development for Andean peasantry? This paper aims to identify the conditions for an economically sustainable and socially shared market integration, which does not threaten the ecosystems reproduction. The analysis is based on a comparison between market integration dynamics in two Andean regions: on the one hand, the Altamachi Highlands (cordillera of Cochabamba, Bolivia) where a spectacular development of potato production for the urban market is taking place and on the other hand, the Rio Castrovirreyna high valley (in the Peruvian dry Andes), pursuing a trend of dairy quasi-specialisation turned towards domestic market. In both cases, the comparative advantages of each region for potato or milk production alone do not allow to explain the dynamic observed. Individual and collective land resources management rules, transportation possibilities improvement and remunerative prices maintenance have been necessary conditions for this market specialisation

Changes in urine composition after trauma facilitate bacterial growth.

International audienceUNLABELLED: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients including trauma patients are at high risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). The composition of urine in trauma patients may be modified due to inflammation, systemic stress, rhabdomyolysis, life support treatment and/or urinary catheter insertion. METHODS: Prospective, single-centre, observational study conducted in patients with severe trauma and without a history of UTIs or recent antibiotic treatment. The 24-hour urine samples were collected on the first and the fifth days and the growth of Escherichia coli in urine from patients and healthy volunteers was compared. Biochemical and hormonal modifications in urine that could potentially influence bacterial growth were explored. RESULTS: Growth of E. coli in urine from trauma patients was significantly higher on days 1 and 5 than in urine of healthy volunteers. Several significant modifications of urine composition could explain these findings. On days 1 and 5, trauma patients had an increase in glycosuria, in urine iron concentration, and in the concentrations of several amino acids compared to healthy volunteers. On day 1, the urinary osmotic pressure was significantly lower than for healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION: We showed that urine of trauma patients facilitated growth of E. coli when compared to urine from healthy volunteers. This effect was present in the first 24 hours and until at least the fifth day after trauma. This phenomenon may be involved in the pathophysiology of UTIs in trauma patients. Further studies are required to define the exact causes of such modifications