20 research outputs found
HipnĂłzis hatĂĄsa a prospektĂv emlĂ©kezeti teljesĂtmĂ©nyre
A prospektĂv emlĂ©kezet (PM) az a kognitĂv funkciĂł,
amely lehetÔvé teszi, hogy egy jövÔre irånyuló szåndékot
megĂ”rizzĂŒnk, felelevenĂtsĂŒnk Ă©s a jövĂ” egy adott
idĂ”pontjĂĄban, meghatĂĄrozott kontextusban megvalĂłsĂtsunk.
KĂsĂ©rletĂŒnkben elĂ”ször vizsgĂĄltuk hipnĂłzisban
egĂ©szsĂ©ges, önkĂ©ntes egyetemi hallgatĂł kĂsĂ©rleti szemĂ©lyek(n=23) PM feladatban nyĂșjtott teljesĂtmĂ©nyĂ©t hĂĄrom kondĂciĂłban. A kĂsĂ©rleti elrendezĂ©s összetartozĂł
mintĂĄs, az Ă©ber Ă©s a hipnotikusan mĂłdosĂtott tudatĂĄllapot
sorrendje kiegyenlĂtett volt.
A kĂsĂ©rlet alaphelyzetĂ©ben nem voltak PM ingerek,
a vizsgålati személyek egyszerû reakcióidÔ feladatot
hajtottak vĂ©gre (âongoing feladatâ). Az Ășn. elvĂĄrt helyzetben a vizsgĂĄlati szemĂ©lyek az alaphelyzettel megegyezĂ”âongoing feladatâ vĂ©gzĂ©se közben vĂĄrtĂĄk a PM
ingereket, amelyek azonban a teljes feladatszakasz sorĂĄn
sem jelentkeztek. A harmadik, Ășn. prospektĂv helyzet
az elvĂĄrt helyezettĂ”l abban kĂŒlönbözött, hogy itt a
semleges ingerek között valóban meg is jelentek a PM
ingerek. Az âongoingâ reakciĂłidĂ” feladatban megfigyelhetĂ”
teljesĂtmĂ©nyvĂĄltozĂĄs lĂ©nyeges informĂĄciĂłkat hordoz
a prospektĂv feladat megoldĂĄsĂĄban szerepet jĂĄtszĂł
vĂ©grehajtĂł folyamatokrĂłl.Hipnotikusan mĂłdosult tudatĂĄllapotban a vizsgĂĄlati szemĂ©lyek a prospektĂv helyzet âongoingâ feladatĂĄban szignifikĂĄnsan gyorsabban teljesĂtettek, mint Ă©ber ĂĄllapotban, viszont szignifikĂĄnsan többet is hibĂĄztak.
Eredményeink arra utalnak, hogy a hipnózis kikapcsolja
a prospektĂv feladatok megoldĂĄsĂĄban szerepet
jĂĄtszĂł kontrollfolyamatokat, elĂ”segĂtve ezĂĄltal a figyelmi fĂłkuszban lĂ©vĂ” feladat gyorsabb megoldĂĄsĂĄt, ami
azonban egyĂșttal több tĂ©ves riasztĂĄssal is jĂĄr. Mindez
Ășgy interpretĂĄlhatĂł, hogy a hipnĂłzis felerĂ”sĂti az automatikus konfliktusmonitorozĂł Ă©s asszociatĂv keresĂ”
mechanizmusokat
Hypnosis attenuates executive cost of prospective memory
Prospective memory is defined as the ability to formulate and carry out actions at the appropriate
time, or in the appropriate context. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of hypnosis on
prospective memory performance and to analyze the involvement of executive control processes
in intention realization in a hypnotically altered state of consciousness. In one experiment,
manipulating hypnotic instruction in a within-subject fashion, we explored event based
prospective memory performance in three conditions â baseline, expectation and execution - of
twenty-three volunteers. Our main result is that executing prospective memory responses, at the
same accuracy rate, produced a significantly lower cost of ongoing responses in terms of
response latency in the hypnotic state than in wake condition
A közfinanszĂrozott laboratĂłriumi szolgĂĄltatĂĄsok egĂ©szsĂ©gpolitikai tapasztalatai MagyarorszĂĄgon egĂ©szsĂ©gbiztosĂtĂĄsi adatok elemzĂ©sĂ©vel = Health policy experiences of publicly financed laboratory services in Hungary with health insurance data analysis
Absztrakt:
Bevezetés: A laboratóriumi vizsgålatok irånti igény fokozódik, a
prevenció, a pontosabb diagnosztika, a teråpia indikålåsånak eldöntése, a
teråpia eredményességének monitorozåsa érdekében. CélkitƱzés:
ElemzĂ©sĂŒnk cĂ©lja az EgĂ©szsĂ©gbiztosĂtĂĄsi Alap laboratĂłriumi elĆirĂĄnyzatĂĄnak
egészség-gazdasågtani elemzése. Adatok és módszer:
ElemzĂ©sĂŒnkhöz a Nemzeti EgĂ©szsĂ©gbiztosĂtĂĄsi AlapkezelĆ (NEAK) finanszĂrozĂĄsi
adatbĂĄzisĂĄt hasznĂĄltuk. Az elemzĂ©s a 2002 Ă©s 2018 közötti idĆszakot öleli fel.
VizsgĂĄltuk a laboratĂłriumi elĆirĂĄnyzat Ă©ves összegĂ©t, az esetszĂĄmokat Ă©s a
beavatkozĂĄsok szĂĄmĂĄt, a kĂŒlönbözĆ tulajdonviszonyĂș laboratĂłriumi szolgĂĄltatĂłk
rĂ©szesedĂ©sĂ©t az egĂ©szsĂ©gbiztosĂtĂĄsi gyĂłgyĂtĂł-megelĆzĆ kasszĂĄbĂłl.
EredmĂ©nyek: A laboratĂłriumi vizsgĂĄlatok finanszĂrozĂĄsĂĄra
rendelkezĂ©sre ĂĄllĂł forrĂĄs 2005 Ă©s 2015 között Ă©rdemben nem vĂĄltozott, az idĆszak
jelentĆs rĂ©szĂ©ben a 21â22 milliĂĄrd Ft/Ă©v sĂĄvban mozgott. Mind az esetszĂĄmban,
mind a beavatkozåsok szåmåban låtunk érdemi visszaesést 2006 és 2008 között. Az
utĂłbbi Ă©vekben az esetszĂĄm Ă©vi 14â15 milliĂł körĂŒl, mĂg a beavatkozĂĄsok szĂĄma Ă©vi
180 milliĂł körĂŒl ĂĄllandĂłsult. A forprofit vĂĄllalkozĂĄsok rĂ©szesedĂ©se az
egĂ©szsĂ©gbiztosĂtĂĄsi forrĂĄsokbĂłl a 2010. Ă©vi 29,0%-rĂłl 2018-ban 10,6%-ra
csökkent, mĂg az ĂĄllami intĂ©zmĂ©nyek rĂ©szesedĂ©se a 2010. Ă©vi 27,1%-rĂłl 2018-ban
78,7%-ra nĆtt. KövetkeztetĂ©s: A laboratĂłriumi aktivitĂĄs az
elmĂșlt Ă©vekben stabilizĂĄlĂłdott. A szakmai szabĂĄlyok esetlegesen mĂ©g szĂŒksĂ©ges
pontosĂtĂĄsĂĄval, a kĂłdok karbantartĂĄsĂĄval a laboratĂłriumi ellĂĄtĂĄsokra fordĂtott
összegek tovĂĄbb növelhetĆk a most mĂĄr zömĂ©ben köztulajdonban lĂ©vĆ laboratĂłriumi
szolgĂĄltatĂłk irĂĄnyĂĄban. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(12): 468â473.
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Abstract:
Introduction: In order to provide appropriate prevention,
diagnosztics, decision on therapy and monitoring the results of medical
treatment, there is an increasing need for laboratory examinations.
Aim: The aim of our study is the health-ecnomics analysis
of laboratory budget of the Hungarian Health Insurance Fund. Data and
method: Data were derived from the financial database of the
National Health Insurance Fund Administration. The analysis covered the period
of 2002â2018. We analysed the annual budget for laboratory examinations, the
number of patients and examinations, the market share of laboratory services
providers according to their owner structure from the health insurance
curative-preventive budget. Results: The budget available for
financing the laboratory examinations (21â22 billion Hungarian forint (Ft)/Ă©v)
did not change significantly between 2005 and 2015. There was a significant
decrease in the number of both patients and examinations between 2006 and 2008.
In the latest years, there were 14â15 million cases per year and 180 million
examinations per year. The market share of for-profit companies decreased from
29.0% in 2010 to 10.6% in 2018, while the market share of governmental
institutions increased from 27.1% in 2010 to 78.7% in 2018.
Conclusion: The activity of laboratories was stabilized in
the latest years. After the necessary correction of professional regulations and
code maintenance, the laboratory budget can be increased towards the mainly
public laboratory services providers. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(12): 468â473
A heveny szĂvinfarktus okozta orszĂĄgos epidemiolĂłgiai Ă©s egĂ©szsĂ©gbiztosĂtĂĄsi betegsĂ©gteher MagyarorszĂĄgon = Epidemiological disease burden and annual health insurance treatment cost of acute myocardial infarction in Hungary
ĂsszefoglalĂł. BevezetĂ©s: A szĂv- Ă©s Ă©rrendszeri betegsĂ©gek a vezetĆ halĂĄlokok között szerepelnek vilĂĄgszerte, az összes halĂĄlozĂĄs egyharmadĂĄĂ©rt, mĂg az eurĂłpai halĂĄlozĂĄsok közel felĂ©Ă©rt felelĆsek. CĂ©lkitƱzĂ©s: VizsgĂĄlatunk cĂ©lja volt a heveny szĂvinfarktus okozta epidemiolĂłgiai Ă©s egĂ©szsĂ©gbiztosĂtĂĄsi betegsĂ©gteher elemzĂ©se. Adatok Ă©s mĂłdszerek: Adataink a Nemzeti EgĂ©szsĂ©gbiztosĂtĂĄsi AlapkezelĆ (NEAK) finanszĂrozĂĄsi adatbĂĄzisĂĄbĂłl szĂĄrmaznak a 2018-as Ă©vre vonatkozĂłan. MeghatĂĄroztuk az Ă©ves betegszĂĄmokat Ă©s a legnagyobb kiadĂĄssal rendelkezĆ ellĂĄtĂĄsi forma, az aktĂvfekvĆbeteg-szakellĂĄtĂĄs tekintetĂ©ben a 100 000 fĆre jutĂł prevalenciĂĄt, valamint az Ă©ves egĂ©szsĂ©gbiztosĂtĂĄsi kiadĂĄsokat korcsoportos Ă©s nemenkĂ©nti bontĂĄsban az egyes ellĂĄtĂĄsi tĂpusokra vonatkozĂłan. A heveny szĂvinfarktust a BetegsĂ©gek Nemzetközi OsztĂĄlyozĂĄsĂĄnak 10. revĂziĂłja alapjĂĄn az I21-es kĂłdcsoporttal azonosĂtottuk. EredmĂ©nyek: A NEAK heveny szĂvinfarktusra fordĂtott kiadĂĄsa összesen 16,728 milliĂĄrd Ft (61,902 milliĂł USD; 52,463 milliĂł EUR) volt 2018-ban. A teljes kiadĂĄs 95,8%-ĂĄt az aktĂvfekvĆbeteg-szakellĂĄtĂĄs költsĂ©gei (16,032 milliĂĄrd Ft; 59,321 milliĂł USD; 50,276 milliĂł EUR) kĂ©peztĂ©k; ezen ellĂĄtĂĄsi forma keretĂ©n belĂŒl összesen 16 361 fĆ (9742 fĂ©rfi Ă©s 6619 nĆ) kerĂŒlt kĂłrhĂĄzi felvĂ©telre. A valamennyi Ă©letkorra szĂĄmĂtott, 100 000 lakosra vetĂtett prevalencia 208,54 beteg volt a fĂ©rfiak Ă©s 129,61 beteg a nĆk esetĂ©ben az aktĂvfekvĆbeteg-szakellĂĄtĂĄsban. A nemenkĂ©nti eloszlĂĄst tekintve az aktĂvfekvĆbeteg-szakellĂĄtĂĄsban a fĂ©rfiak abszolĂșt szĂĄma - a 75 Ă©v felettiek kivĂ©telĂ©vel - valamennyi vizsgĂĄlt korcsoportban meghaladta a nĆkĂ©t. KövetkeztetĂ©s: Az aktĂvfekvĆbeteg-szakellĂĄtĂĄs igĂ©nybevĂ©tele bizonyult a legfĆbb költsĂ©gtĂ©nyezĆnek. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(Suppl 1): 6-13.Cardiovascular diseases have been the leading causes of death worldwide accounting for one third of all-cause mortality, and nearly half of mortality in Europe.The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological disease burden of acute myocardial infarction.Data were derived from the financial database of the National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA) of Hungary for 2018. Data analysed included annual patient numbers, prevalence per 100 000 population in acute inpatient care, health insurance costs calculated for age groups and sex for all types of care. Patients with acute myocardial infarction were identified with the code: I21 of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision.In 2018, NHIFA spent 16.728 billion HUF on the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, 61.902 million USD, 52.463 million EUR. Acute inpatient care accounted for 95.8% of costs (16.032 billion HUF; 59.321 million USD; 50.276 million EUR) with 16 361 persons (9742 male; 6619 females) hospitalised. Based on patient numbers in acute in-patient care, prevalence per 100 000 among men was 208.54, among women 129.61 patients. In all age groups, except for patients aged >75 years, the number of males was higher than that of females.Acute inpatient care was the major cost driver in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(Suppl 1): 6-13
A vĂ©dĆnĆi mĂ©hnyakszƱrĂ©si pilot program Ă©rtĂ©kelĂ©se | Assessment of the pilot program for cervical cancer screening by health visitors
Absztrakt:
Bevezetés: Az Európai Unió åltal tåmogatott
TĂMOP-6.1.3.A-13/1-2013-0001 program keretĂ©ben a vĂ©dĆnĆket szĂĄndĂ©koztunk bevonni
a szervezett méhnyakszƱrési programba. CélkitƱzés: A felmérés
elkĂ©szĂtĂ©sĂ©nek cĂ©lja Ă©rtĂ©kelni a mĂ©hnyakszƱrĂ©si kĂ©pzĂ©sre jelentkezĆ vĂ©dĆnĆk
elĂ©gedettsĂ©gĂ©t a felkĂ©szĂtĂ©s oktatĂłit Ă©s oktatĂĄsi segĂ©danyagait illetĆen,
tovĂĄbbĂĄ megĂĄllapĂtani, hogy a kapott ismeretek mennyiben feleltek meg
elvĂĄrĂĄsaiknak. MĂłdszer: A vĂ©dĆnĆk elĂ©gedettsĂ©gĂ©t kĂ©rdĆĂves
felméréssel, négy kérdéscsoport mentén vizsgåltuk: oktatók, oktatåsi segédanyag,
a tovĂĄbbkĂ©pzĂ©si nap Ă©rtĂ©kelĂ©se, a kĂ©pzĂ©s sorĂĄn kapott ismeretek megfelelĆsĂ©ge. A
kĂ©rdĆĂvek kitöltĂ©sĂ©nek idĆszaka: 2014. oktĂłberâdecember. Az összesĂtett adatok
Ă©rtĂ©kelĂ©se leĂrĂł statisztikai mĂłdszerrel törtĂ©nt. EredmĂ©nyek:
2148 vĂ©dĆnĆ adatait Ă©rtĂ©keltĂŒk, akik 5-ös skĂĄlĂĄn a szĂŒlĂ©sz-nĆgyĂłgyĂĄsz
szakemberek teljesĂtmĂ©nyĂ©t összessĂ©gĂ©ben 4,65, a vĂ©dĆnĆkĂ©t 4,61, a
nĂ©pegĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi-szƱrĂ©si szakemberekĂ©t 4,56, az informatikai szakemberekĂ©t pedig
4,52 pontra Ă©rtĂ©keltĂ©k. A kĂ©pzĂ©s sorĂĄn ĂĄtadott oktatĂĄsi segĂ©danyag minĆsĂ©ge
98%-uk szĂĄmĂĄra hasznosĂthatĂł volt, a kapott ismeretek elvĂĄrĂĄsaiknak megfelelĆek
voltak. KövetkeztetĂ©s: A vĂ©dĆnĆk elĂ©gedettek voltak a pilot
program keretĂ©ben vĂ©gzett elmĂ©leti felkĂ©szĂtĆ oktatĂĄssal. A szakmailag jĂłl
felkĂ©szĂŒlt vĂ©dĆnĆk hozzĂĄjĂĄrulhatnak a mĂ©hnyakszƱrĂ©si program sikerĂ©hez. Orv.
Hetil., 2017, 158(12), 461â467.
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Abstract:
Introduction: Within the tender (6.1.3.A-13/1-2013-0001)
supported by the European Union, we wished to involve health visitors into the
organized cervical cancer screening program. Aim: The aim of
our survey was to assess the satisfaction of health visitors, instructors, and
that of the teaching aids. Furthermore, we wished to assess whether the teaching
materials met the expectations. Method: Satisfaction of the
health visitors was assessed by a survey, in four groups of questions. These
involved the assessment of the instructors, the teaching aids, evaluation of the
further training day, and the compliance with the knowledge of training. Period
for completion of the questionnaires lasted from October to December in 2014. We
used descriptive statistics for data evaluation. Results: Data
of 2148 health visitors was evaluated. They rated the performance of
gynecologist-obstetricians 4.65, that of health visitors 4.61, that of public
health professionals 4.56, and that of IT specialists 4.52. 98% of the teaching
aids were useful for them and the acquired knowledge was appropriate with their
expectations. Conclusion: The health visitors were satisfied
with the theoretical instruction within the pilot program. The professionally
well prepared health visitors may contribute to the success of the cervical
cancer screening program. Orv. Hetil, 2017, 158(12),
461â467
Az emlĆszƱrĂ©s helyzete MagyarorszĂĄgon 2006-ban = The state of the organised mammography screening in Hungary in 2006
MagyarorszĂĄgon az emlĆrĂĄk jelentĆs nĂ©pegĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi problĂ©ma. A halĂĄlozĂĄs mĂ©rsĂ©klĂ©sĂ©re a tĂŒnetmentes asszonyok szervezett, azaz szemĂ©lyes behĂvĂĄson, visszahĂvĂĄson Ă©s utĂĄnkövetĂ©sen alapulĂł szƱrĆvizsgĂĄlata a legĂgĂ©retesebb mĂłdszer. A tapintĂĄsos emlĆvizsgĂĄlattal kiegĂ©szĂtett mammogrĂĄfiĂĄs szƱrĂ©s az 50â65 Ă©ves korcsoportban bizonyĂtottan hatĂĄsos; praemenopausalis asszonyok esetĂ©ben a hatĂĄsossĂĄg mĂ©g nem bizonyĂtott, ennek ellenĂ©re a közvĂ©lemĂ©ny Ă©s a szakmai döntĂ©shozĂłkra nehezedĆ nyomĂĄs miatt a perimenopausalis korban levĆ (45 Ă©v feletti) asszonyokat nem rekesztik ki a szƱrĆprogrambĂłl. MagyarorszĂĄgon a Nemzeti NĂ©pegĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi Program megteremtette a szervezett emlĆszƱrĂ©s szervezeti, adminisztratĂv, jogszabĂĄlyi Ă©s pĂ©nzĂŒgyi feltĂ©teleit, Ăgy a szƱrĆprogram 2002 Ăłta mƱködik. A kĂ©t szƱrĂ©si ciklus adatai szerint a szervezett szƱrĂ©sen a meghĂvottak mintegy 40%-a vesz rĂ©szt. Az OrszĂĄgos EgĂ©szsĂ©gbiztosĂtĂĄsi PĂ©nztĂĄr Ă©szrevĂ©telei szerint a meghĂvĂĄsos szƱrĂ©s hatĂĄsĂĄra jelentĆsen megemelkedett a diagnosztikus mammogrĂĄfiĂĄs vizsgĂĄlatok szĂĄma; ez arra utal, hogy szĂĄmosan a szervezett szƱrĂ©s keretein kĂvĂŒl keresik a szƱrĂ©s lehetĆsĂ©gĂ©t. A szƱrĆvizsgĂĄlattal felfedezett emlĆrĂĄkok szĂĄma, ezen belĂŒl a kis rĂĄkok arĂĄnya a nemzetközi standard Ă©rtĂ©keknek megfelelĆ. Az Ășn. intervallumrĂĄkok gyakorisĂĄgĂĄnak megĂĄllapĂtĂĄsĂĄra a szƱrĂ©si nyilvĂĄntartĂĄssal egyĂŒttmƱködĆ patolĂłgiai adatbank lĂ©tesĂtĂ©se folyamatban van. A szervezett emlĆszƱrĂ©s egĂ©szsĂ©g-gazdasĂĄgtani elemzĂ©s szerint elfogadhatĂł a finanszĂrozĂł szĂĄmĂĄra.
Breast cancer represents a serious public health concern in Hungary. The most promising way of mortality reduction is organised screening which applies personal invitation, recall and follow-up. Screening women between 50â65 years of age by mammography combined with clinical breast examination is a method of proved effectiveness. The effectiveness has not yet been proved in premenopausal women, however, as a result of the public and professional pressure on decision-makers, perimenopausal women (above 45 years of age) are not excluded. In Hungary, the National Public Health Programme has established the managerial, administrative, legal and financial frame for an organised screening, therefore, since 2002, the programme has been in operation. Screening is provided in every other year. In the first two screening cycles, approximately 40% of invites attended the screening test. According to the National Health Insurance Fund (OEP), under the influence of personal call-and-recall programme, the annual numbers of diagnostic mammography examinations have substantially increased, indicating that many invited women are looking for screening facility outside the programme. The detection rate and the small cancer detection rate are in line with the international standard values. To establish the number of âinterval cancersâ, establishment of a pathological database (âpatobankâ) is in progress, in close cooperation with the screening registry. According to the health economical analysis, the organised breast screening program is âaffordableâ for the financing agency
A nĂ©pegĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi mĂ©hnyakszƱrĂ©s helyzete MagyarorszĂĄgon 2006-ban = The state of the organized cervical screening programme in Hungary in 2006
A citolĂłgiai vizsgĂĄlatra alapozott szƱrĆvizsgĂĄlat â elmĂ©letileg â a mĂ©hnyakrĂĄk teljes eradikĂĄciĂłjĂĄt ĂgĂ©ri: szĂĄmos orszĂĄgban jelentĆsen csökkent a mĂ©hnyakrĂĄk miatti betegsĂ©gteher. MagyarorszĂĄgon a komplex nĆgyĂłgyĂĄszati vizsgĂĄlatot Ă©s kolposzkĂłpiĂĄt alkalmazĂł szƱrĆvizsgĂĄlatnak vannak nagy hagyomĂĄnyai, a több Ă©vtizedes erĆfeszĂtĂ©sek azonban nem tĂŒkrözĆdnek a halĂĄlozĂĄsi mutatĂłkban: Ă©vente mintegy 500 asszony hal meg mĂ©hnyakrĂĄk következtĂ©ben. A magyarorszĂĄgi protokoll a hagyomĂĄnyos ânĆgyĂłgyĂĄszati szƱrĂ©sâ Ă©s a korszerƱ szervezett szƱrĆvizsgĂĄlat közötti kompromisszum: a nĆgyĂłgyĂĄszati vizsgĂĄlat elengedhetetlen eleme a citolĂłgiai vizsgĂĄlat. A Nemzeti NĂ©pegĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi Program megteremtette a szervezett szƱrĂ©s szakmai Ă©s szervezeti feltĂ©teleit. A 2003 vĂ©gĂ©n megindult szemĂ©lyes meghĂvĂĄson alapulĂł szƱrĆprogram kezdeti tapasztalatai kedvezĆtlenek, mert a lakossĂĄgi rĂ©szvĂ©tel alacsony. Az asszonyok többsĂ©ge a hagyomĂĄnyos mĂłdon, a szervezett szƱrĆprogramon kĂvĂŒl Ă©l a szƱrĂ©ssel, mĂĄs rĂ©sze pedig figyelmen kĂvĂŒl hagyja a meghĂvĂĄst, Ă©s nem fogadja el a felkĂnĂĄlt szƱrĆvizsgĂĄlatot. A helyzet javĂtĂĄsĂĄra â a nemzetközi ajĂĄnlĂĄsok figyelembevĂ©telĂ©vel â kĂsĂ©rletek folynak az alapellĂĄtĂĄs szerepĂ©nek növelĂ©sĂ©re. SzĂŒksĂ©g van a jelenlegi finanszĂrozĂĄsi szerzĆdĂ©sek felĂŒlvizsgĂĄlatĂĄt elĆsegĂtĆ egĂ©szsĂ©gpolitikai döntĂ©sekre. JavĂtani kell a szƱrĆvizsgĂĄlatok elĂ©rhetĆsĂ©gĂ©t Ă©s hozzĂĄfĂ©rhetĆsĂ©gĂ©t. SzĂŒksĂ©g van szakmai szemlĂ©letvĂĄltĂĄsra Ă©s hathatĂłsabb lakossĂĄgi kommunikĂĄciĂłra is.
Theoretically, there is a real prospect for full eradication of cervical cancer by cytology screening. In several countries the burden of cervical cancer significantly decreased due to regular screening of the population. In Hungary, the complex âgynecological screeningâ, including colposcopic examination, has a long tradition, however, the efforts of several decades are not reflected in the mortality: about 500 women are killed by cervical cancer each year. The screening protocol represents a compromise between the traditional âgynecological screeningâ and the internationally recommended organized screening: taking sample for cytology is an essential element of the gynecological examination. The National Public Health Programme has established the technical and organizational preconditions of an organized screening programme. The early experiences with the âcall-and-recallâ organized screening â started at the end of 2003 â are unfavourable, because the complience rates are unacceptably low. The majority of the women receive screening in a traditional way, i.e. outside the programme; another proportion of them simply ignores the invitation, and does not accept the offered screening. To improve the current situation, following the recommendation of âthe-state-of-the-artâ, an attempt is made to intesify the involvement of the primary care personnel. There is a need to revise the current financing system by the political decision-makers in the health field. The access to the
screening facilities needs to be improved, the attitude of the medical community changed, and the efficiency of the communication with the public significantly improved