16 research outputs found

    Mercury in Aquatic Systems of the Gulf Islands National Seashore, Southeastern USA

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    This study reports on levels and speciation of mercury (Hg) in different environmental compartments of selected park units in the Gulf Islands National Seashore (USA), and on potential rates of methyl-Hg (MMHg) formation and degradation in sediments. In the aqueous phase, total (THg) and MMHg concentrations ranged from 0.19 to 14.26 ng/L (n=32) an

    Effets Insecticide et Insectifuge des Huiles Essentielles de Cinq Plantes Aromatiques Sur la Bruche de Haricot Cultivé en République du Congo

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    La bruche (Acantholescides obtectus Say) infeste le haricot au champ et en stock. Les dĂ©gĂąts causĂ©s par cet insecte sont prĂ©sents dans toutes les zones de production du Congo. Outre le tri des graines bruchĂ©es fait par les producteurs, les feuilles de Lippia multiflora L., Cymbopogon citratus Steud., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Ocimum gratissimum L. et les rhizomes de Zingiber officinale Rosc. sont aussi utilisĂ©s comme ingrĂ©dients pour lutter contre la bruche. L’étude vise Ă  Ă©valuer l’efficacitĂ© des huiles essentielles extraites de cinq plantes sur les bruches. Ces huiles sont extraites par l’hydro distillation sur les feuilles ou les rhizomes Ă  l’état frais ou sec. Leurs effets contre la bruche sont Ă©valuĂ©s in vitro par test de rĂ©pulsion, de contact et de fumigation avec ou sans graines. Il ressort une forte rĂ©pulsion de cinq huiles vis-Ă -vis des bruches. L’huile de C. ambrosioides extraite Ă  l’état sec a un taux de rĂ©pulsion de 98,13%. A 0,007 ÎŒl/cm2, les taux de mortalitĂ© des bruches de 78,75% et 61,25 % sont notĂ©s avec C. ambrosioides extraites Ă  l’état sec et Ă  l’état frais. A l’état sec, ceux-ci de 78,75 % et 71,25 % sont observĂ©es avec C. ambrosioides et L. multiflora. A 0,01 ÎŒl/g de graines, les taux de mortalitĂ© de 61,25 %, 50 %, 42,50 % et 38,25 % sont observĂ©es avec C. ambrosioides, C. citratus, O. gratissimum et Z. officinale extrait Ă  l’état sec. A 0,002 ÎŒ/cm3 aprĂšs 6 h d’inhalation, les taux de mortalitĂ© de 78,75 %, 71,25 %, 51,25 %, 48,75 % et 48,75 % sont enregistrĂ©s avec C. ambrosioides et L. multiflora, O. gratissimum, C. citratus et Z. officinale extraites Ă  l’état frais. A l’état sec, les taux de 61,25% et 50 % sont obtenus avec les huiles de C. ambrosioides et C. citratus. L’efficacitĂ© in vitro avĂ©rĂ©e de cinq huiles est en cours d’évaluation en plantation contre la bruche. The coleopteron (Acantholescides obtectus Say) infests beans in the field and in storage. The damage caused by this insect is present in all production areas of Congo. In addition to the sorting of seeds by producers, leaves of Lippia multiflora L., Cymbopogon citratus Steud, Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Ocimum gratissimum L. and rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Rosc. are also used as ingredients to control bruchid. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils extracted from five plants on bruchids. These oils are extracted by hydro distillation of fresh or dried leaves and rhizomes. Their effects against Acantholescides obtectus are evaluated in vitro by repulsion, contact and fumigation tests with or without seeds. Five oils were found to be highly repellent to bruchids. The C. ambrosioides oil, extracted in the dry state had a repulsion rate of 98.13%. At 0.007 ÎŒl/cm2 the mortality rates of 78.75% and 61.25% were noted with dried and fresh extract of C. ambrosioides. In the dry state, C. ambrosioides and L. multiflora recorded 78.75% and 71.25% at 0.01 ÎŒl/g of seed. Moreover, the mortality rates of 61.25%, 50%, 42.50% and 38.25% were observed with C. ambrosioides, C. citratus, O. gratissimum and Z. officinale when extracted dry. At 0.002ÎŒg/cm3 and after 6h of inhalation, mortality rates of 78.75%, 71.25%, 51.25%, 48.75% and 48.75% were recorded with fresh extracts of C. ambrosioides and L. multiflora, O. gratissimum, C. citratus and Z. officinale. In the dry state, mortality rate of 61.25% and 50% are obtained with C. ambrosioides and C. citratus oils. The proven in vitro efficacy of five oils against A. obtectus is being evaluated in plantations

    Effets Insecticide et Insectifuge des Huiles Essentielles de Cinq Plantes Aromatiques sur la Bruche de Haricot Cultivé en République du Congo

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    La bruche (Acantholescides obtectus Say) infeste le haricot au champ et en stock. Les dĂ©gĂąts causĂ©s par cet insecte sont prĂ©sents dans toutes les zones de production du Congo. Outre le tri des graines bruchĂ©es fait par les producteurs, les feuilles de Lippia multiflora L., Cymbopogon citratus Steud., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Ocimum gratissimum L. et les rhizomes de Zingiber officinale Rosc. sont aussi utilisĂ©s comme ingrĂ©dients pour lutter contre la bruche. L’étude vise Ă  Ă©valuer l’efficacitĂ© des huiles essentielles extraites de cinq plantes sur les bruches. Ces huiles sont extraites par l’hydro distillation sur les feuilles ou les rhizomes Ă  l’état frais ou sec. Leurs effets contre la bruche sont Ă©valuĂ©s in vitro par test de rĂ©pulsion, de contact et de fumigation avec ou sans graines. Il ressort une forte rĂ©pulsion de cinq huiles vis-Ă -vis des bruches. L’huile de C. ambrosioides extraite Ă  l’état sec a un taux de rĂ©pulsion de 98,13%. A 0,007 ”l/cm2, les taux de mortalitĂ© des bruches de 78,75% et 61,25 % sont notĂ©s avec C. ambrosioides extraites Ă  l’état sec et Ă  l’état frais. A l’état sec, ceux-ci de 78,75 % et 71,25 % sont observĂ©es avec C. ambrosioides et L. multiflora. A 0,01 ”l/g de graines, les taux de mortalitĂ© de 61,25 %, 50 %, 42,50 % et 38,25 % sont observĂ©es avec C. ambrosioides, C. citratus, O. gratissimum et Z. officinale extrait Ă  l’état sec. A 0,002 ”/cm3 aprĂšs 6 h d’inhalation, les taux de mortalitĂ© de 78,75 %, 71,25 %, 51,25 %, 48,75 % et 48,75 % sont enregistrĂ©s avec C. ambrosioides et L. multiflora, O. gratissimum, C. citratus et Z. officinale extraites Ă  l’état frais. A l’état sec, les taux de 61,25% et 50 % sont obtenus avec les huiles de C. ambrosioides et C. citratus. L’efficacitĂ© in vitro avĂ©rĂ©e de cinq huiles est en cours d’évaluation en plantation contre la bruche.   The coleopteron (Acantholescides obtectus Say) infests beans in the field and in storage. The damage caused by this insect is present in all production areas of Congo. In addition to the sorting of seeds by producers, leaves of Lippia multiflora L., Cymbopogon citratus Steud, Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Ocimum gratissimum L. and rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Rosc. are also used as ingredients to control bruchid. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils extracted from five plants on bruchids. These oils are extracted by hydro distillation of fresh or dried leaves and rhizomes. Their effects against Acantholescides obtectus are evaluated in vitro by repulsion, contact and fumigation tests with or without seeds. Five oils were found to be highly repellent to bruchids. The C. ambrosioides oil, extracted in the dry state had a repulsion rate of 98.13%. At 0.007 ”l/cm2 the mortality rates of 78.75% and 61.25% were noted with dried and fresh extract of C. ambrosioides. In the dry state, C. ambrosioides and L. multiflora recorded 78.75% and 71.25% at 0.01 ”l/g of seed. Moreover, the mortality rates of 61.25%, 50%, 42.50% and 38.25% were observed with C. ambrosioides, C. citratus, O. gratissimum and Z. officinale when extracted dry. At 0.002”g/cm3 and after 6h of inhalation, mortality rates of 78.75%, 71.25%, 51.25%, 48.75% and 48.75% were recorded with fresh extracts of C. ambrosioides and L. multiflora, O. gratissimum, C. citratus and Z. officinale. In the dry state, mortality rate of 61.25% and 50% are obtained with C. ambrosioides and C. citratus oils. The proven in vitro efficacy of five oils against A. obtectus is being evaluated in plantations

    Effets Insecticide et Insectifuge des Huiles Essentielles de Cinq Plantes Aromatiques Sur la Bruche de Haricot Cultivé en République du Congo

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    La bruche (Acantholescides obtectus Say) infeste le haricot au champ et en stock. Les dĂ©gĂąts causĂ©s par cet insecte sont prĂ©sents dans toutes les zones de production du Congo. Outre le tri des graines bruchĂ©es fait par les producteurs, les feuilles de Lippia multiflora L., Cymbopogon citratus Steud., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Ocimum gratissimum L. et les rhizomes de Zingiber officinale Rosc. sont aussi utilisĂ©s comme ingrĂ©dients pour lutter contre la bruche. L’étude vise Ă  Ă©valuer l’efficacitĂ© des huiles essentielles extraites de cinq plantes sur les bruches. Ces huiles sont extraites par l’hydro distillation sur les feuilles ou les rhizomes Ă  l’état frais ou sec. Leurs effets contre la bruche sont Ă©valuĂ©s in vitro par test de rĂ©pulsion, de contact et de fumigation avec ou sans graines. Il ressort une forte rĂ©pulsion de cinq huiles vis-Ă -vis des bruches. L’huile de C. ambrosioides extraite Ă  l’état sec a un taux de rĂ©pulsion de 98,13%. A 0,007 ÎŒl/cm2, les taux de mortalitĂ© des bruches de 78,75% et 61,25 % sont notĂ©s avec C. ambrosioides extraites Ă  l’état sec et Ă  l’état frais. A l’état sec, ceux-ci de 78,75 % et 71,25 % sont observĂ©es avec C. ambrosioides et L. multiflora. A 0,01 ÎŒl/g de graines, les taux de mortalitĂ© de 61,25 %, 50 %, 42,50 % et 38,25 % sont observĂ©es avec C. ambrosioides, C. citratus, O. gratissimum et Z. officinale extrait Ă  l’état sec. A 0,002 ÎŒ/cm3 aprĂšs 6 h d’inhalation, les taux de mortalitĂ© de 78,75 %, 71,25 %, 51,25 %, 48,75 % et 48,75 % sont enregistrĂ©s avec C. ambrosioides et L. multiflora, O. gratissimum, C. citratus et Z. officinale extraites Ă  l’état frais. A l’état sec, les taux de 61,25% et 50 % sont obtenus avec les huiles de C. ambrosioides et C. citratus. L’efficacitĂ© in vitro avĂ©rĂ©e de cinq huiles est en cours d’évaluation en plantation contre la bruche. The coleopteron (Acantholescides obtectus Say) infests beans in the field and in storage. The damage caused by this insect is present in all production areas of Congo. In addition to the sorting of seeds by producers, leaves of Lippia multiflora L., Cymbopogon citratus Steud, Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Ocimum gratissimum L. and rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Rosc. are also used as ingredients to control bruchid. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils extracted from five plants on bruchids. These oils are extracted by hydro distillation of fresh or dried leaves and rhizomes. Their effects against Acantholescides obtectus are evaluated in vitro by repulsion, contact and fumigation tests with or without seeds. Five oils were found to be highly repellent to bruchids. The C. ambrosioides oil, extracted in the dry state had a repulsion rate of 98.13%. At 0.007 ÎŒl/cm2 the mortality rates of 78.75% and 61.25% were noted with dried and fresh extract of C. ambrosioides. In the dry state, C. ambrosioides and L. multiflora recorded 78.75% and 71.25% at 0.01 ÎŒl/g of seed. Moreover, the mortality rates of 61.25%, 50%, 42.50% and 38.25% were observed with C. ambrosioides, C. citratus, O. gratissimum and Z. officinale when extracted dry. At 0.002ÎŒg/cm3 and after 6h of inhalation, mortality rates of 78.75%, 71.25%, 51.25%, 48.75% and 48.75% were recorded with fresh extracts of C. ambrosioides and L. multiflora, O. gratissimum, C. citratus and Z. officinale. In the dry state, mortality rate of 61.25% and 50% are obtained with C. ambrosioides and C. citratus oils. The proven in vitro efficacy of five oils against A. obtectus is being evaluated in plantations

    Effets Insecticide et Insectifuge des Huiles Essentielles de Cinq Plantes Aromatiques sur la Bruche de Haricot Cultivé en République du Congo

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    La bruche (Acantholescides obtectus Say) infeste le haricot au champ et en stock. Les dĂ©gĂąts causĂ©s par cet insecte sont prĂ©sents dans toutes les zones de production du Congo. Outre le tri des graines bruchĂ©es fait par les producteurs, les feuilles de Lippia multiflora L., Cymbopogon citratus Steud., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Ocimum gratissimum L. et les rhizomes de Zingiber officinale Rosc. sont aussi utilisĂ©s comme ingrĂ©dients pour lutter contre la bruche. L’étude vise Ă  Ă©valuer l’efficacitĂ© des huiles essentielles extraites de cinq plantes sur les bruches. Ces huiles sont extraites par l’hydro distillation sur les feuilles ou les rhizomes Ă  l’état frais ou sec. Leurs effets contre la bruche sont Ă©valuĂ©s in vitro par test de rĂ©pulsion, de contact et de fumigation avec ou sans graines. Il ressort une forte rĂ©pulsion de cinq huiles vis-Ă -vis des bruches. L’huile de C. ambrosioides extraite Ă  l’état sec a un taux de rĂ©pulsion de 98,13%. A 0,007 ”l/cm2, les taux de mortalitĂ© des bruches de 78,75% et 61,25 % sont notĂ©s avec C. ambrosioides extraites Ă  l’état sec et Ă  l’état frais. A l’état sec, ceux-ci de 78,75 % et 71,25 % sont observĂ©es avec C. ambrosioides et L. multiflora. A 0,01 ”l/g de graines, les taux de mortalitĂ© de 61,25 %, 50 %, 42,50 % et 38,25 % sont observĂ©es avec C. ambrosioides, C. citratus, O. gratissimum et Z. officinale extrait Ă  l’état sec. A 0,002 ”/cm3 aprĂšs 6 h d’inhalation, les taux de mortalitĂ© de 78,75 %, 71,25 %, 51,25 %, 48,75 % et 48,75 % sont enregistrĂ©s avec C. ambrosioides et L. multiflora, O. gratissimum, C. citratus et Z. officinale extraites Ă  l’état frais. A l’état sec, les taux de 61,25% et 50 % sont obtenus avec les huiles de C. ambrosioides et C. citratus. L’efficacitĂ© in vitro avĂ©rĂ©e de cinq huiles est en cours d’évaluation en plantation contre la bruche.   The coleopteron (Acantholescides obtectus Say) infests beans in the field and in storage. The damage caused by this insect is present in all production areas of Congo. In addition to the sorting of seeds by producers, leaves of Lippia multiflora L., Cymbopogon citratus Steud, Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Ocimum gratissimum L. and rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Rosc. are also used as ingredients to control bruchid. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils extracted from five plants on bruchids. These oils are extracted by hydro distillation of fresh or dried leaves and rhizomes. Their effects against Acantholescides obtectus are evaluated in vitro by repulsion, contact and fumigation tests with or without seeds. Five oils were found to be highly repellent to bruchids. The C. ambrosioides oil, extracted in the dry state had a repulsion rate of 98.13%. At 0.007 ”l/cm2 the mortality rates of 78.75% and 61.25% were noted with dried and fresh extract of C. ambrosioides. In the dry state, C. ambrosioides and L. multiflora recorded 78.75% and 71.25% at 0.01 ”l/g of seed. Moreover, the mortality rates of 61.25%, 50%, 42.50% and 38.25% were observed with C. ambrosioides, C. citratus, O. gratissimum and Z. officinale when extracted dry. At 0.002”g/cm3 and after 6h of inhalation, mortality rates of 78.75%, 71.25%, 51.25%, 48.75% and 48.75% were recorded with fresh extracts of C. ambrosioides and L. multiflora, O. gratissimum, C. citratus and Z. officinale. In the dry state, mortality rate of 61.25% and 50% are obtained with C. ambrosioides and C. citratus oils. The proven in vitro efficacy of five oils against A. obtectus is being evaluated in plantations

    Effet anti-inflammatoire et cicatrisant des extraits aqueux et Ă©thanolique des Ă©corces du tronc de Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparidaceae)

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    Objectif : La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a pour objectif d’étudier les effets anti-inflammatoire et cicatrisant des Ă©corces du tronc de Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparidaceae) appelĂ© Ombanda en langue TĂ©kĂ© afin de valoriser les plantes mĂ©dicinales de la flore spontanĂ©e congolaise.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats : La mĂ©thodologie consiste Ă  Ă©tudier l’effet anti-inflammatoire en mesurant le volume de l’oedĂšme de la patte ayant reçu la carragĂ©nine 1 % Ă  l’aide d’un PlĂ©thismomĂštre de type Ugo Basile 7140. Par ailleurs, des plaies dÂŽincision circulaire de 2 cm de diamĂštre Ă©taient faites chez les rats Wistar pour Ă©valuer l’activitĂ© cicatrisante de l’extrait Ă©thanolique pĂąteux des Ă©corces de B. coriacea Ă  200 mg/kg. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que les extraits aqueux et Ă©thanolique des Ă©corces du tronc de B. coriacea aux doses de 200 et 400 mg/kg s’opposent Ă  l’augmentation du volume de l’oedĂšme de la patte du rat induit par la carragĂ©nine 1%. Le pourcentage d’inhibition du volume de l’oedĂšme avec l’extrait Ă©thanolique (200 mg/kg) est de 87,34 % Ă  la 6Ăšme heure alors qu’avec l’extrait aqueux Ă  la mĂȘme heure et avec la mĂȘme faible dose il est de 72,56 %. Concernant l’activitĂ© cicatrisante, les rĂ©sultats montrent que l’application de l’extrait Ă©thanolique pĂąteux des écorces de B.coriacea Ă  200 mg/kg sur les plaies provoque leur cicatrisation au bout de 18 jours.Conclusion et application : Les rĂ©sultats de l’étude montrent que les extraits aqueux et Ă©thanolique des Ă©corces du tronc de Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparidaceae) ont des propriĂ©tĂ©s cicatrisantes et anti-inflammatoires qui pourraient justifier l’utilisation de cette plante en mĂ©decine traditionnelle contre les maladies inflammatoires.Mots clĂ©s : Buchholzia coriacea Engl., Ă©corces du tronc, inflammation, cicatrisation, rats WistarAnti-inflammatory and healing effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem bark of Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparidaceae)ABSTRACTObjective: The aims of this study is to evaluate anti-inflammatory and healing effects of stem bark of Buchholzia coriacea Engl.(Capparidaceae) invited Ombanda in Teke language in order to develop the medicinal plants of Congolese flora.Methodology and results: Inflammatory was induced by administration sub-plantar of 0.05 ml of 1% carrageenan at the right paw. Oedema was measured using an Ugo Basile 7140 pletysmometer, Italy. In addition, wounds circular incision of 2 cm in diameter were made in the Wistar rats to evaluate the healing activity of ethanolic extract of the stem barks of Buchholzia coriacea at dose of 200 mg/kg. The results show that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem barks of B coriacea at dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg are opposed to the increase oedema induced by the carrageenan 1% in rats. The percentage of inhibition of the oedema volume with ethanolic and aqueous extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg per sixth hour is respectively 87.34 and 72.56 %. Concerning the healing activity, the results show that the application of the ethanolic extract of stem barks of B. coriacea at dose of 200 mg/kg on the wounds causes their cicatrization at the end of 18 days.Conclusion and application: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem barks of Buchholzia coriacea Engl (Capparidaceae) show healing properties and anti-inflammatory effect. These results could justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine against the inflammatory diseases.Key words: Buchholzia coriacea, cicatrization, inflammation, rats stem barks

    Evaluation of cassava hybrids performance obtained by controlled pollination of elite accessions from Niari landscape in the Republic of Congo

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    Open Access Journal; Published online: 03 May 2018Cassava is the main crop in the Congo but its low yield doesn’t meet the needs of Congolese populations. The low yield is due to the use of less effective sensitive varieties to diseases, non-mastering of techniques and biotic constraint of which the African cassava mosaic. This study aims at selecting resistant genotypes to the African cassava mosaic and assessing their agronomic and production performances. Six elite accessions selected based on a villager participative approach have been crossed by controlled pollination with three clones (192/0401, 192/0325 and 197/0162) distributed by the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA). Growth, agronomic and production parameters of genotypes from the controlled pollination were evaluated at the station. Of the ten tested genotypes, the one resulting from the crossing (Mahabama x I92/0401) did not show any symptom of the cassava mosaic disease 12 months after planting. Apart from the root length, foliar surface and the height of the plant, this genotype differed from the others only by the biomass, the diameter of the stem, the harvest index, the rate of starch, the rate of dry matter and marketable or non-marketable tuberous roots. The genotype (Mahabama x I92/0401) will be included in the cassava improvement section plan in the Republic of Congo

    Effets de la potasse de la hampe du régime de plantain Corn 1 (Musa esculenta) sur la préservation de la chlorophylle des légumes verts aprÚs cuisson : cas des feuilles de manioc

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    Objectifs : Cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e pour dĂ©terminer les concentrations en potasse susceptibles de prĂ©server la chlorophylle dans les feuilles de manioc aprĂšs cuisson.MĂ©thodologie et RĂ©sultats : La potasse a Ă©tĂ© extraite des cendres obtenues aprĂšs sĂ©chage et incinĂ©ration des fragments de la hampe du rĂ©gime de Plantain. Les Ă©lĂ©ments minĂ©raux ont Ă©tĂ© dosĂ©s par la mĂ©thode ICP-Radial. L’analyse minĂ©rale a montrĂ© que le calcium (4,80 mg.100 g–1) et le silicium (3,50 mg.100 g–1) ont les teneurs les plus Ă©levĂ©es, suivis du chlore (1,18 mg.100 g–1) et du potassium (1,00 mg.100 g–1). Le sodium, le magnĂ©sium, le manganĂšse, le fer et le zinc ont les teneurs les plus faibles. Les concentrations en potasse de 8,75 mg/ml et 10 mg/ml ont prĂ©servĂ© les chlorophylles de feuilles de manioc aprĂšs 10 et 20 min cuisson. AprĂšs 4 jours de conservation, les teneurs en chlorophylles de 0,07 mg/g et 0,05 mg/g enregistrĂ©es respectivement pour les lĂ©gumes bouillis Ă  10 et 20 min, ont Ă©tĂ© supĂ©rieures Ă  celles des feuilles cuites sans potasse (0,02 mg/g).Conclusion : La potasse extraite de la hampe de rĂ©gime de plantain, une fois jointe Ă  la cuisson, prĂ©serve la chlorophylle 4 jours aprĂšs et maintiennent la couleur verte des lĂ©gumes.Mots clĂ©s : Cuisson, Ă©lĂ©ments minĂ©raux, feuilles de manioc, hampe du rĂ©gime de plantain, chlorophylle,potasse. Effects of potash from plantain stalk Corn 1 (Musa esculenta) on the  preservation of the chlorophyll in green vegetables after cookingObjectives: This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of potassium that may preserve chlorophyll in cassava leaves after cooking.Methodology and Results: Potash was extracted from the ash obtained after drying and burning fragments of the plantain stalk. Mineral elements were determined by ICP-Radial method. Mineral analysis showed that the calcium (4.80 mg.100 g-1) and silicon (3.50 mg.100 g-1) had the highest levels, followed by the chlorine (1.18 mg. 100 g-1) and potassium (1.00 g mg.100-1). Sodium, magnesium, manganese, iron and zinc had lower concentrations. The concentrations of potassium hydroxide of 8.75 mg / ml and 10 mg / ml preserved the chlorophylls cassava leaves after 10 and 20 min cooking. After 4 days of storage, the contents of chlorophyll of 0.07 mg / g and 0.05 mg / g respectively recorded for vegetables boiled at 10 and 20 min, were higher than those of leaves cooked without potash (0.02 mg / g).Conclusion and aplication of findings: Potash derived from plantain shaft can be used for cooking, preserves the chlorophyll after 4 days and maintains the green color of vegetables.Keywords: Cassava leaves, Cooking, chlorophyll, minerals, plantain stalk regime, potash

    Diversity of insect pests of common bean and pigeon pea in the Republic of Congo revealed by DNA barcoding

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    In Central Africa, the development of leguminous crops is accompanied by a proliferation of pests, such as seed-beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Integrated biological control against insect pests requires a preliminary phase of early detection and monitoring of potential invasive species, which is often limited by the availability of diagnostic morphological characteristics. DNA barcoding represents a powerful molecular tool for identifying specimens, and the mitochondrial sequences produced can provide information concerning the origins of introduced species. In this study, we characterized the diversity of insect pests present in farmer storage sites and plots of common bean and pigeon pea, by using DNA barcoding of specimens sampled in the five main agricultural regions of the Republic of Congo. The cosmopolitan seed-beetle species Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) was recognized as the major pest sampled on common bean. The sub-Saharan species Specularius erythraeus (Pic, 1908) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) was the main species found in pigeon pea plots, sometimes co-occurring with the cosmopolitan species Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). A fourth bruchine, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833), and two moth species were also recognized: a species of the genus Mussidia Ragonot, 1888 (Pyralidae) and the cosmopolitan pest of stored food, Cadra cautella (Walker, 1863) (Pyralidae). These results differ from species lists compiled in the 1980s, thus providing updated knowledge concerning the pest species present in this region and fundamental information for choosing appropriate methods of control

    Les champignons sauvages comestibles et connaissances endogĂšnes des peuples autochtones MbĂšnzĂšlĂš et Ngombe de la RĂ©publique du Congo

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    Objectifs: Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  sauvegarder les connaissances endogĂšnes sur l’utilisation des champignons de forĂȘts en RĂ©publique du Congo et Ă  documenter scientifiquement ces ressources naturelles encore trĂšs peu connues.MĂ©thodologie et RĂ©sultats: Les collectes opportunistes et les enquĂȘtes ethnomycologiques au sein des peuples autochtones MbĂšnzĂšlĂš et Ngombe ont permis de recueillir des informations sur les diffĂ©rents types d’usage des champignons, leurs noms vernaculaires et leur signification. Au total, 25 genres et 51 espĂšces de champignons comestibles ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©s dans le milieu d’étude dont 32 ont Ă©tĂ© citĂ©es lors des enquĂȘtes. Les genres les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es sont Cantharellus, Marasmius, Russula et Termitomyces. Trois espĂšces sont utilisĂ©es dans la pharmacopĂ©e traditionnelle et sept ont fait l’objet de vente ou d’échange sous forme de Troc.Les connaissances sur les espĂšces de champignons sont dĂ©tenues par un petit groupe au sein des enquĂȘtĂ©s de chaque groupe ethnique. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude ne reprĂ©sentant qu’environ 50% de la connaissance endogĂšne de ces deux groupes ethniques Ă©tudiĂ©s, poussent Ă  intensifier des missions de terrain auprĂšs de ces populations afin de conserver ces connaissances traditionnelles sur les Champignons Sauvages Comestibles (CSC).Conclusions et application des rĂ©sultats. L’issue des tels travaux futurs sera la rĂ©alisation d’un guide sur les CSC en RĂ©publique du Congo. Un tel ouvrage contribuerait Ă  la meilleure connaissance de la mycoflore africaine.Mots clĂ©s: Bomassa, connaissances traditionnelles, Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux, macromycĂštes, Makao, ForĂȘts du Nord Congo, TrocEnglish Title: Wild Edible Fungi and indigenous knowledge of MbĂšnzĂšlĂš and Ngombe populations in the Republic of CongoEnglish AbstractObjectives: This study aims at safeguarding indigenous knowledge on the use of forest fungi and scientifically documenting those natural resources yet not very well known in the Republic of Congo.Methodology and Results: Opportunistic collecting and ethnomycological interviews in MbĂšnzĂšlĂš and Ngombe populations enabled to obtain information on the uses of fungi, their local names and meaning. In total, 25 genera and 51 species of edible fungi were recorded in the study area of which 32 were cited during interview. The most represented genera are Cantharellus, Marasmius, Russula et Termitomyces. Three species are used in traditional medicine and seven were sold or exchanged as in the form of barter. Knowledge on fungal species is hold by a small group of people within each ethnical group. Results of this study only representing about 50% of the indigenous knowledge of the ethnical groups studied lead to intensify fieldworks with those populations in order to conserve traditional knowledge on the Wild Edible Fungi (WEF) in the future.Conclusions et application of findings: The outcome of such works will be to produce a guide of WEF in the Republic of Congo. Such a document will contribute to a better understanding of the african mycoflora.Keywords: Bomassa, traditional knowledge, Non Woody Forest Products, macrofungi, Makao, Forests of Northern Congo, Barte
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