152 research outputs found
Distribution of Connectin (Titin) and Transverse Tubules at Myotendinous Junctions
The ends of muscle fibers form many longitudinal projections which are further divided into numerous processes and attach to the collagen fibrils of tendons to form myotendinous junctions (MTJs). Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic observations on pectoralis muscles of the chicken revealed the presence of an elastic filamentous protein, connectin (titin), within the terminal sarcomere on the side adjacent to the terminal Z bands, and the absence of connectin and myosin and the presence of actin at the apical sarcoplasmic region of MTJ processes between the terminal Z band and the MTJ sarcolemma. Intermediate voltage electron microscopy showed that T tubules in the terminal sarcomere were absent at the level of the A-I junction on the MTJ side in the rat vastus intermedius, and at the level of the terminal Z band or under the MTJ subsarcolemmal densities in the chicken pectoralis
KAGRA: 2.5 Generation Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detector
The recent detections of gravitational waves (GWs) reported by LIGO/Virgocollaborations have made significant impact on physics and astronomy. A globalnetwork of GW detectors will play a key role to solve the unknown nature of thesources in coordinated observations with astronomical telescopes and detectors.Here we introduce KAGRA (former name LCGT; Large-scale Cryogenic Gravitationalwave Telescope), a new GW detector with two 3-km baseline arms arranged in theshape of an "L", located inside the Mt. Ikenoyama, Kamioka, Gifu, Japan.KAGRA's design is similar to those of the second generations such as AdvancedLIGO/Virgo, but it will be operating at the cryogenic temperature with sapphiremirrors. This low temperature feature is advantageous for improving thesensitivity around 100 Hz and is considered as an important feature for thethird generation GW detector concept (e.g. Einstein Telescope of Europe orCosmic Explorer of USA). Hence, KAGRA is often called as a 2.5 generation GWdetector based on laser interferometry. The installation and commissioning ofKAGRA is underway and its cryogenic systems have been successfully tested inMay, 2018. KAGRA's first observation run is scheduled in late 2019, aiming tojoin the third observation run (O3) of the advanced LIGO/Virgo network. In thiswork, we describe a brief history of KAGRA and highlights of main feature. Wealso discuss the prospects of GW observation with KAGRA in the era of O3. Whenoperating along with the existing GW detectors, KAGRA will be helpful to locatea GW source more accurately and to determine the source parameters with higherprecision, providing information for follow-up observations of a GW triggercandidate
Comparison of Characteristics and Outcomes of Trial Participants and Nonparticipants: Example of Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network 0201 Trial
Controversy surrounds the question of whether clinical trial participants have better outcomes than comparable patients who are not treated on a trial. We explored this question using a recent large, randomized, multi-center study comparing peripheral blood (PB) with bone marrow (BM) transplantation from unrelated donors (URD), conducted by the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN)
Can medicines development improve outcomes in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management by driving effectiveness?
Variant PRC1 Complex-Dependent H2A Ubiquitylation Drives PRC2 Recruitment and Polycomb Domain Formation
Chromatin modifying activities inherent to polycomb
repressive complexes PRC1 and PRC2 play an
essential role in gene regulation, cellular differentiation, and development. However, the mechanisms
by which these complexes recognize their target
sites and function together to form repressive chromatin domains remain poorly understood. Recruitment of PRC1 to target sites has been proposed to
occur through a hierarchical process, dependent
on prior nucleation of PRC2 and placement of
H3K27me3. Here, using a de novo targeting assay
in mouse embryonic stem cells we unexpectedly
discover that PRC1-dependent H2AK119ub1 leads
to recruitment of PRC2 and H3K27me3 to effectively
initiate a polycomb domain. This activity is restricted
to variant PRC1 complexes, and genetic ablation
experiments reveal that targeting of the variant
PCGF1/PRC1 complex by KDM2B to CpG islands is
required for normal polycomb domain formation
and mouse development. These observations provide a surprising PRC1-dependent logic for PRC2
occupancy at target sites in vivo.This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust (WT0834922 and WT081385), CRUK (C28585/A10839), NIHR, EMBO, Lister Institute of Preventative Medicine, RIKEN, MEXT, and JST CRES
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