Investigation of equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic and mechanism of basic blue 16 adsorption by montmorillonitic clay

The adsorption of a cationic dye, Basic Blue 16 (BB16), by montmorillonitic clay was studied in detail. Changes in the molecular structure during adsorption were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. BB16 adsorption onto the clay mainly results from hydrogen bonding between OH and NH groups of dye molecules and OH groups of clay and electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged clay surface and cationic dye. The montmorillonitic clay dose had an inverse effect on the adsorption performance, while the highest dye removal was 305 mg/g at pH 3.6. An increase in temperature and dye concentration positively enhanced the adsorption capacity of the montmorillonitic clay. Temperature had no effect on the adsorption at a dye concentration less than 500 mg/L, while dye adsorption was positively enhanced at elevated dye concentrations. Three-parameter equations provided higher better fitting than two-parameter equations while the Freundlich model had the highest correlation coefficient and the lowest error values with experimental data. The BB16 adsorption was well followed by pseudo-second order model and the rate of adsorption process was controlled by surface and intraparticle diffusion. Thermodynamic evaluations revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, while the randomness increased during adsorption. Experimental results indicate that montmorillonitic clay from Eskisehir is a promising adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye molecules from aqueous solutions.TUBITAK /109Y16

Possible Roles of Nitric Oxide and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide on Relaxation Induced by Isoprenaline in Isolated Muscle Strips of the Mouse Gastric Fundus

The possible role of nitric oxide (NO) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on isoprenaline-induced relaxation of the mouse longitudinal gastric fundal strips precontracted with 5.4 x 10(-7) M carbachol was investigated. Isoprenaline (5 x 10(-7) M, 10(-6) M and 5 x 10(-6) M) produced a concentration-dependent relaxations. NG-nitro L-arginine (10(-4) M) partly inhibited isoprenaline-induced relaxation. The inhibitory action of NG-nitro L-arginine was reversed by 4 x 10(-4) M L-arginine but not by 4 x 10(-4) M D-arginine. NG-nitro L-arginine (10(-4) M) did not affect the relaxation caused by sodium nitroprusside (10(-6) M). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide antibody 7913 (1:160 dilution) partly inhibited isoprenaline-induced relaxation. This inhibition was greater on the response to the higher isoprenaline concentration (5 x 10(-6) M) than to the lower concentration (10(-6) M). The combination of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide antibody and NG-nitro L-arginine significantly enhanced the inhibition on 10(-6) M isoprenaline action. These results suggest that nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide may partly contribute to the relaxation induced by isoprenaline in the mouse gastric fundus precontracted with carbachol.</p

Adsorption of basic blue-16 dye onto clay

Katyonik bir boya olan bazik mavi-16 (BB16)’nın kesikli bir sistemde montmorillonitik kil üzerine adsorpsiyonu çalışıldı ve adsorpsiyon dengesi, adsorpsiyon termodinamiği ve adsorpsiyon mekanizmaları incelendi. Bu kapsamda farklı sıcaklıklarda, farklı boya başlangıç konsantrasyonlarında ve farklı pH’larda adsorpsiyon testleri uygulandı. Ayrıca farklı sıcaklıklarda zeta potan siyel (ZP) ölçümleri yapıldı ve adsorpsiyondan önce ve sonra kilin FTIR spektrumları alındı. Deneysel olarak elde edilen adsorpsiyon verilerine, iki parametreli (Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R)) ve üç parametreli (Redlich-Peterson(R-D), Sips, Toth and Khan) adsorpsiyon izoterm modelleri uygulanarak modellendi ve izoterm sabitleri hesaplandı. İki parametreli izoterm modelleri içerisinde Freundlich ve üç parametreli izoterm modelleri içerisinde ise Sips ve Khan modelleri deney verilerine en uygun mod eller oldu. Giriş konsantrasyonu 1400 mg/l BB16 için montmorillonitik kilin maksimum adsorplama kapasitesi 15, 25 ve 35 ºC sıcaklıklar için sırasıyla 509,7, 525,0 ve 570,7 mg/g’dır. Farklı sıcaklıklarda elde edilen adsorpsiyon izotermleri kullanılarak adsorpsiyon gibbs serbest enerjisi (G o ), entalpisi(H o ) ve entropisi (S o ) hesaplandı. Elde edilen negatif G değerleri, adsorpsiyonun kendiliğinden meydana geldiğini göstermektedir. BB16’nın montmorillonitik kil üzerine adsorpsiyonunu sağlayan olası mekanizmalar hidrojen b ağı oluşumu, elektrostatik etkileşim ve boya-boya etkileşimi şeklinde sıralanabilir.Cationic dye, basic blue 16 (BB16), adsorption onto montmorillonitic clay was studied in a batch system, and adsorption equilibrium, thermodynamics and mechanism were investigated. In this scope, adsorption tests were carried out at various temperatures, initial dye concentrations and pHs. Also, zeta potential measurements at different temperatures were performed and FTIR spectrums of clay samples were obtained before and after dye adsorption tests. Three-parameter (Redlich–Peterson, Sips, Toth and Khan) and two-parameter (Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich) adsorption isotherm models were applied on the obtained experimental results and the model constants were calculated. Three-parameter isotherms showed relatively higher regression coefficients and lower relative errors (<5%) than two-parameter isotherms. Of the two-parameter isotherms, the Freundlich isotherm best described the experimental data while the best fitting isotherms were Sips and Khan for three-parameter isotherms. Maximum experimental adsorption capacity was found to be 509.7, 525.0 and 570.7 mg/g for 15, 25 and 35 ºC, respectively, for the initial BB16 concentration of 1400 mg/l. Gibbs adsorption free energy(Go), enthalpy (Ho) and entropy(So) were calculated using the adsorption isotherms obtained at various temperatures. Negative Gibbs free energy shows the BB16 dye adsorption onto clay is spontaneous. The possible interaction mechanisms causing to dye adsorption between the dye molecule and clay can be listed as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and dye-dye interaction.TÜBİTAK / 109Y16

Papaverine-induced and endothelium-dependent relaxation in the isolated rat aortic strip.

In the present study, we aimed to obtain further evidence in favour of the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) is a major mediator of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and to clarify whether NO plays a role in papaverine-induced vasorelaxation. The relaxant effects of acetylcholine (Ach), acidified NaNO2 or papaverine were investigated on isolated helical strips of the rat thoracic aorta precontracted with phenylephrine in an organ bath containing Krebs solution aerated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. The relaxation was quantified as % peak reduction of phenylephrine contracture. Saponin abolished the relaxant effects of Ach completely whereas it had no effect on the responses to acidified NaNO2 or papaverine. NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) reduced the effects of Ach significantly, but it was ineffective on the relaxation induced by acidified NaNO2. The inhibitory action of L-NOARG was partly restored by L-arginine, but not by D-arginine. Hemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin and hydroquinone exhibited significant inhibition on the relaxation evoked by Ach and acidified NaNO2. L-NOARG, hydroxocobalamin and hydroquinone caused only limited but significant decrease in the relaxation due to papaverine. This phenomenon was also observed by increasing phenylephrine concentration leading to an enhancement in the contraction. Our findings strongly support the view that Ach-induced relaxation of rat aorta strips is mediated by free NO released from the endothelium and the results suggest that NO may indirectly contribute to papaverine-induced relaxation.</p

Possible postsynaptic action of aminoglycosides in the frog rectus abdominis.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the postsynaptic effects of aminoglycosides on contractions evoked by acetylcholine (ACh), KCl, electrical field stimulation (EFS) and Na(+)- and Ca(2+)-free Ringer solution with 0.2 mM Na2 EDTA (NaFCaFR) in the isolated frog rectus abdominis. Neomycin inhibited contraction elicited by ACh, NaFCaFR, and EFS at the higher frequencies (8 and 10 Hz) but not those elicited by KCl and EFS at the lower frequencies (2, 3 and 5 Hz). D-tubocurarine inhibited ACh-induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, drug reduced EFS-evoked contractions to a limited extent. Lower concentrations (10(-5), 5 x 10(-5), 10(-4), 2 x 10(-4) and 3 x 10(-4) M) but not higher concentrations (4 x 10(-4) and 5 x 10(-4) M) of methoxyverapamil exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory action on NaFCaFR-induced contractions. Similar inhibitions of the same type of contraction were displayed by aminoglycosides (neomycin, streptomycin, netilmycin, gentamycin and amikacin). These results suggest that in addition to their antagonistic action on nicotinic receptors in the frog rectus abdominis, aminoglycosides may exert stabilizing effects on some functional components contributing to contractions at the membrane.</p

The Role of Na⁺ Channels in Twitch Generation During Exposure of the Frog Rectus Abdominis to Ca-Free Ringer Solution with Na₂EDTA

&#8195;The aim of the study was to investigate whether Na+ channels play a role in the twitch component of the response of the isolated frog rectus abdominis to Ca2+-free Ringer solution with 0.2 mM Na2EDTA by using tetrodotoxin and some other well known drugs that exhibit a blocking action on Na+ channels. In the presence of 5 x 10-7 M tetrodotoxin, the twitch component, measured isotonically, disappeared. Although 10-7 M d-tubocurarine was found to be ineffective, a complete blockage of twitch amplitude was observed at 5 x 10-6 M concentration of the drug. The inhibitory action of d-tubocurarine on twitch response was not antagonized by 10-6 and 10-5 M carbachol. Propranolol (10-6 - 10-5 M), lidocaine (2 x 10-6 - 10-5 M), quinine (10-6 - 2 x 10-5 M) and quinidine (10-6 - 2 x 10-5 M) inhibited maximal twitch amplitude in a concentration dependent manner. These findings strongly suggest that activation of tetrodotoxin sensitive Na+ channel may play a primary role at twitch generation during exposure of the frog rectus abdominis to Ca2+-free Ringer solution with Na2 EDTA.</p

Inhibitory actions of hydroxocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, and folic acid on the ultraviolet light-induced relaxation of the frog upper oesophageal strip.

The applications of ultraviolet (UV) light (336 nm) on the upper oesophageal strips of frog elicited relaxant responses in the presence of NaNO2 (50 microM). The tissues were mounted under the tension 0.5 g in an organ bath containing Ringer solution, maintained at 25 degrees C and gassed with 100% O2. The responses were recorded on a kymograph via an isotonic lever. Antimegaloblastic agents, including hydroxocobalamin (1, 10, and 100 microM), cyanocobalamin (1, 10, 25, and 100 microM), and folic acid (1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 microM), significantly attenuated the relaxation response to UV light. Folinic acid (1, 10, 25, and 100 microM), however, enhanced the relaxation. Pyrogallol (50 microM), hydroquinone (50 microM), and diethyldithiocarbamic acid (8 mM) were found ineffective for attenuation, though FeSO4 (200, 400, and 500 microM) and hemoglobin (50 microM), respectively, exerted significant inhibition. L-arginine methylester (500 microM) did not impair UV-induced relaxation. Based on these results, we concluded that a mechanism involving undefined action(s) of antimegaloblastic drugs may cause alterations in the UV light-induced relaxation of the tissue used.</p

Inhibitory actions of hydroxocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, and folic acid on the ultraviolet light-induced relaxation of the frog upper oesophageal strip.

The applications of ultraviolet (UV) light (336 nm) on the upper oesophageal strips of frog elicited relaxant responses in the presence of NaNO2 (50 microM). The tissues were mounted under the tension 0.5 g in an organ bath containing Ringer solution, maintained at 25 degrees C and gassed with 100% O2. The responses were recorded on a kymograph via an isotonic lever. Antimegaloblastic agents, including hydroxocobalamin (1, 10, and 100 microM), cyanocobalamin (1, 10, 25, and 100 microM), and folic acid (1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 microM), significantly attenuated the relaxation response to UV light. Folinic acid (1, 10, 25, and 100 microM), however, enhanced the relaxation. Pyrogallol (50 microM), hydroquinone (50 microM), and diethyldithiocarbamic acid (8 mM) were found ineffective for attenuation, though FeSO4 (200, 400, and 500 microM) and hemoglobin (50 microM), respectively, exerted significant inhibition. L-arginine methylester (500 microM) did not impair UV-induced relaxation. Based on these results, we concluded that a mechanism involving undefined action(s) of antimegaloblastic drugs may cause alterations in the UV light-induced relaxation of the tissue used.</p

İzole Rectus Abdominis Kasında Edta?Nın Kontraktür Yapıcı Aktivitesine Isının Etkisi

İzole Rectus Abdominis Kasında Edta?Nın Kontraktür Yapıcı Aktivitesine Isının Etkis