The physicochemical and antioxidant properties of double-boiled kelulut honey

Kelulut honey is a unique Malaysian food that has beneficial components and high potential in many health aspects. In commercial processing plant, honey is usually subjected to thermal treatment, where its quality is compromised due to unstable and thermolabile components. Therefore, double boiling was chosen as it does not exert significant heat, thus minimizes damage done. The quality was determined after treated by double boiling technique at optimized condition. Three different sources of Kelulut honey based on the main types of foods consumed by the bees (Coconut, Multifloral and Wild Flowers) were tested. Kelulut honey samples were subjected to an optimized condition at 60 °C for 35 minutes. Thermal treatment at the same condition was conducted for comparison purpose. The results showed that double boiling treatment increased the total phenolic content of Kelulut-C honey significantly, from 2430.78 ± 12.24 to 2711.10 ± 23.00 mg GAE/100 g. The treatment also significantly increased the brown pigment for both Kelulut-C and Kelulut-W honey by 11.11 ± 0.00% and 27.27 ± 0.00%, respectively. Whereas, the pH and moisture content of all samples remain unchanged with no formation of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was observed. A preliminary four-week storage study showed that double boiling treatment improves physicochemical properties of Kelulut honey as compared to the untreated samples for all three types of Kelulut honey tested. Meanwhile, a room temperature (27 °C) condition leads to an improvement of antioxidant properties as compared to cold temperature (4 °C). In conclusion, double boiling treatment has established itself as a good alternative processing method for Kelulut honey, hence increasing the possibility to bring forward Kelulut honey as a unique source for the application in food and beverages industries

Nanoparticle shape and thermal radiation on Marangoni Water, Ethylene Glycol and Engine Oil Based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between particle shape and radiation effects on Marangoni boundary layer flow and heat transfer of water, ethylene glycol and engine oil based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs. There are three types of nanoparticle shapes are considered in this research such as sphere, cylinder and lamina. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying similarity transformation which is solved using shooting technique in conjunction with Newton’s method and Runge Kutta algorithm. Temperature profiles are graphically and tabularly provided for the effects of solid volume fraction parameter, radiation parameter and empirical shape factor. The result shows that solid volume fraction and radiation energy gives a good impact on thermal boundary layer. Sphere nanoparticle shape predicts a better result on heat transfer rather than other nanoparticle shapes

ANALISIS GAYA BERETORIKA CO TRAINER DALAM KEGIATAN DISKUSI MATERI DI DIVISI PELATIHAN PEMBENTUKAN KEPRIBADIAN DAN KEPEMIMPINAN (P2KK) UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

Communication skills are now an obligation that everyone must have. Especially in the demands of today's students that their reputation will be seen from the way they speak. Rhetoric is the art of speaking which can be seen from a person's language style, voice style, and gesture style. One of the jobs that requires the ability to speak rhetorically is a Co Trainer for Personality and Leadership Formation Training (P2KK), University of Muhammadiyah Malang. So that this is what forms the problem formulation in this study, namely 1) How is the language style used by Co Trainer P2KK UMM in persuading P2KK UMM participants?, 2) How is the voice style used by Co Trainer P2KK UMM in persuading P2KK UMM participants?, and 3) How is the gesture style used by P2KK UMM Co Trainers in persuading P2KK UMM participants? This research uses descriptive qualitative method with Aristotle's rhetoric approach. The data source comes from 14 Co Trainers of P2KK UMM who are active students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The data were taken based on verbal (words and sentences containing rhetorical style) and nonverbal (body gestures, facial expressions, hand movements, etc.) activities of P2KK UMM Co Trainers. The data collection was located at Rusunawa 1, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Data collection procedures involved documentation, observation, and interviews. Data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion making process. The results obtained from this study are, in the language style classified in language style based on word choice, official and conversational language styles are obtained, language style based on tone is obtained simple and medium style, language style based on sentence structure is obtained climax style, anticlimax, parallelism, antithetical, and repetition. Discussion on voice style, the four tones in intonation are used by P2KK UMM Co Trainers, the softness of the loudness produced depends on the state of the class, and fast or slow in rate and rhythm is adjusted to the context. While in the gesture style, the body posture shows that all data are in a standing position, appearance and clothing are displayed simply and neatly, facial expressions and hand movements are displayed communicatively, and the eyes are seen focusing on several points

Behaviour of Electrical Resistivity with Soil Strength Parameters by Varying the Particle Size Proportion for Mixed Sand and Silt Samples

Geotechnical properties should be precisely identified as it is essential for a successful construction of a structure. Bore hole sampling is known as a conventional method of soil investigation and contributes to reliable determination of soil strength parameters but this method is costly, time consuming and causes soil disturbance. Geophysical methods such as electrical resistivity, is proven to be more efficient because of the non-invasive, non-destructive, rapid and cost-effective aspect. This paper presents the effects of porosity and saturation on electrical resistivity for different particle size proportion. In addition, the behaviour of electrical resistivity with soil strength parameters by varying the particle size proportion for mixed sand and silt samples is also presented. The research involves laboratory test on the mixture of sand and silt with different particle size proportion of; (1) 100% sand, (2) 80% sand, 20% silt, (3) 60% sand, 40% silt, (4) 40% sand, 60% silt, (5) 20% sand, 80% silt, and (6) 100% silt under different moisture content ranging from 15% to 35%

Remediation of heavy metal contaminated wastewater using chitosan / Nur Atikah Suhaimi

Chitosan is a part of natural substances known as effective material to eliminate heavy metal such as zinc, lead and copper from polluted wastewater. The example application of biopolymers that emerging adsorption methods for removal dyes and heavy metal is chitosan. The objective for this study were to prepare and compare chitosan powder from prawn shell to treat using different method for biological, chemical and physical treatment heavy metal contaminated with wastewater for wastewater treatment. The results of this study showed that the screening of heavy metal which using chitosan were able to remove heavy metal especially lead. Lead ion (Pb2+) showed the highest percentage of heavy metal removal which is 79.63% as compared to copper ion (Cu2+) and zinc ion (Zn+) which are 14.50% and 7.48% respectively. So, lead has been chosen to be the best removal using chitosan with the ANOVA p-value is equal to 0.000. Then, the lead ion was continued by the three different processes which are biological treatment, chemical treatment and physical treatment. The percentage of removal heavy metal by lead ion for biological treatment is 83.60% while for chemical treatment is 85.42% and physical treatment is 21.31%. Therefore, chemical treatment has been chosen to be the best removal using chitosan with the ANOVA p-value is equal to 0.000. Although chemical was chosen to be the best, biological treatment can be considered as a practical treatment since it is cheaper than chemical treatment since the value was almost the same

Improving Triangle Geometry Shape Features Through Triangle Points Selection In Digit Recognition

Geometry features has been widely used in image processing especially in face recognition, fingerprint recognition, digit recognition, vehicle detection and also in intrusion. Among the commonly used geometry features are the features that are based on triangle properties. Generally, triangle properties can be used to produce the features for image classification. To produce these features, triangle geometry need to be formed based on three coordinates which are the corners of A, B and C. However, not all triangle formations can be formed from the three coordinates due to the condition where corners of A, B and C may cause a straight line problem. The straight line problem occurs when the chosen coordinates of the corners of A, B and C are in a straight line which causes the triangle geometry impossible to be formed. On the other hand, the straight line occurs when the gradient of corners A, B and C produces the equivalent value. This can be proved by the experiment conducted to identify the gradient that has equivalent value where the position of coordinates A, B and C will determine either the triangle can be formed or vice versa. The purpose of this study is to suggest an improvement on triangle geometry shape through triangle point selection. To achieve this purpose, there are two objectives suggested for this study. They are: i) to propose straight line detection technique for corner A, B and C of triangle; and ii) to improve triangle shape by proposing location of corners based on dominant distribution of foreground image. In the experiment, four types of digit dataset are chosen which are IFCHDB, HODA, MNIST and BANGLA where each datasets is consisted of testing data and training data. The Detection of Triangle Point Selection (DTPS) is proposed to detect the triangle point that caused a straight line to be formed. Then, the straight line problem is solved using Triangle Geometry Based Dominant Distribution of Foreground Image (TD2FI). Next, the Triangle Features Based Summation of Gradient and Ratio (TSGR) and Enhancement of Proposed Triangle Features using Absolute Value (EFTA) are proposed in order to improve the classification accuracy result. The experimental results are yielded by comparing the results of classification accuracy between the present proposed methods with a prior proposed method using the supervised machine learning (SML). The SML used are the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). The result of classification accuracy has shown impressive results for TD2FI, TSGR and EFTA methods through the SVM and MLP techniques whereas the datasets from IFCHDB, HODA and BANGLA respectively have acquired good results through the SVM technique while MNIST dataset has acquired the highest result of classification accuracy through the MLP technique. The result of classification accuracy for TD2FI is 94.723% from IFCHDB dataset, 97.295% from HODA dataset, 95.4% from MNIST dataset and 90.275% from BANGLA dataset. In conclusion, the proposed method is capable of outstripping the straight line issue based on the position of the coordinates of corners A, B and C as well as produce a better result for classification accuracy

Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Waste High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Plastic

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) has been widely used in industrial and commercial products nowadays because of its material. HDPE has outstanding tensile strength and it also has high-impact resistance and melting point. There is no doubt plastic is very useful. Despite that, the problem from plastic is that most of it is not biodegradable and it takes hundred years to rot. This study aim to reduce solid waste from HDPE plastic by using recycling and reuse method and could save resources and raw material for future generations. The objective of this research is to analyse and compare the mechanical properties of HDPE waste and compare it with standard HDPE. Nonetheless, there is still not much analysis of the mechanical properties of recycled HDPE as there is not much information on the materials. This study provides evidence of lower mechanical properties of recycled HDPE compared to pure HDPE by using tensile and hardness test. Hence, all findings suggest that recycled HDPE to add another fiber to strengthen its bonding