Photoacoustic Imaging for Periodontal Disease Examination

After caries, periodontal tissue inflammation (periodontitis) is the most common oral health problem in Indonesia. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a new technique that uses simple components such as a diode laser and a condenser microphone. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a simple PAI system in periodontal disease imaging by using an animal model. Normal periodontal and periodontitis tissues were obtained from Sprague–Dawley rats categorized as control group, treatment group 1 (7 days of periodontitis induction), treatment group 2 (11 days of periodontitis induction), and treatment group 3 (14 days of periodontitis induction). The PAI system was controlled by Labview and Arduino IDE software from a personal computer. Results revealed that the optimal frequency of laser modulation for periodontal tissue imaging was 19 kHz with duty cycle of 50%. The photoacoustic (PA) intensity of periodontal tissues was −68,71 dB for treatment group 3, −70,69 dB for treatment group 2, −71,69 dB for treatment group 1, and ­−73,07 dB for control group. PA image analysis showed that the PA intensity was higher for the samples than for non-biological materials and for the periodontal disease groups than for other groups. This study indicates the feasibility of using a simple PAI system to differentiate normal periodontal tissues from periodontitis tissues

Analisis Perceptual Mapping Produk Mie Instan Menggunakan Multidimensional Scaling

This study aims to map consumer perceptions on instant noodle products. The objects in this study are six brands of instant noodles namely Indomie, Mie Sedaap, Supermi, Sarimi, Mi ABC, and Sukses’s. The sample in this study was 150 respondents. The sampling method in this study is Convenience Sampling. Data analysis method used is Multidimensional Scaling. The results of this study indicate that based on product attributes, price, place, and promotion of Indomie ranked first, Mie Sedaap ranked second, Supermi ranked third, Sarimi was ranked fourth, Mi ABC was ranked fifth, and Sukses's was ranked sixth

Differences score between online and offline laboratory sessions of parasitology in Medical Faculty

Capabilities to diagnose diseases caused by parasites is one of the competencies that must be mastered by general practitioners. This is stated in Standar Kompetensi Dokter Indonesia (SKDI). The branch of parasitology includes protozoa, helminths, and arthropods. Competency can be achieved through debriefing activities and laboratory sessions. During the pandemic, laboratory sessions of parasitology are carried out online with modification of implementation techniques. The study aims to determine the differences in scores between online and offline laboratory sessions of parasitology in medical faculty. Quantitative research used a quasi-experimental method, with a simple random sampling technique. The research data used secondary data scores of laboratory sessions of helminth and protozoa parasitology of Medical students in Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang (Unimus). Data were analyzed by using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney u-test. From 62 students, there were significant differences in scores between online and offline helminth laboratory sessions (p=0.00) with the average scores of online helminth courses higher than offline laboratory sessions (70.6±19.8). There was no significant difference in grades of online and offline protozoa laboratory sessions (p=0.576) with average scores of online protozoa courses being lower than the offline laboratory session (55.8±25.5). There is a significant difference in scores between the helminth laboratory session of parasitology and there is no difference in scores between the protozoa laboratory session in Medical Faculty

A nutrition intervention study’s effect to hematology profiles on elderly group in social retirement home

The increase in the elderly brings consequences, including a higher risk of disease. Inappropriate nutritional intake is also known as one of the risk factors related to the elderly's non-communicable diseases, and nutritional intervention is essential to improve the elderly nutritional status and quality of life. It was an interventional study with a before-after one-group approach. The study was conducted for three months (October-December 2021) in three social retirement homes. The intervention given was supplementation with additional protein sources and snacks each day. The biochemistry profiles were taken 2 times: before and after three months of intervention, comprised of HbA1c, lipid, transferrin, creatinine, and blood pressure level. The data will be analyzed for its normality before being processed with paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank based on the normality results. The analysis results show that there are significantly lower transferrin levels (p=0.040), an increase in cholesterol level (p=0.000), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level increased from 114.05±32.03 to 125.94±31.41 (p=0.000). There is also a remarkable decrease in hemoglobin (p=0.005) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Conversely, there are an increase in HbA1C (p=0.007) and triglyceride level (p=0.005). There is no significant difference in creatinine level. We conclude that nutrition interventions have a significant effect on elderly blood profiles. However, to achieve an improvement, the study should consider physical activity and other variables that might be altering the results

Photoacoustic Imaging for Periodontal Disease Examination

Introduction: After caries, periodontal tissue inflammation (periodontitis) is the most common oral health problem. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a new technique that uses simple components such as a diode laser and a condenser microphone. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a simple PAI system in periodontal disease imaging by using an animal model. Methods: Normal periodontal and periodontitis tissues were obtained from Sprague–Dawley rats categorized as the control group, treatment group 1 (7 days of periodontitis induction), treatment group 2 (11 days of periodontitis induction), and treatment group 3 (14 days of periodontitis induction). The PAI system was controlled by LabVIEW and Arduino IDE software from a personal computer. Results: Results revealed that the optimal frequency of laser modulation for periodontal tissue imaging was 19 kHz with a duty cycle of 50%. The photoacoustic (PA) intensity of periodontal tissues was −68.71 dB for treatment group 3, −70.34 dB for treatment group 2, −71.69 dB for treatment group 1, and −73.07 dB for the control group. PA image analysis showed that the PA intensity from periodontal disease groups was higher than the control group. Conclusion: This study indicates the feasibility of using a simple PAI system to differentiate normal periodontal tissues from periodontitis tissues

Recent development of photoacoustic imaging in dentistry: A review on studies over the last decade

Background: This work performs a literature review of photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in dentistry and discusses the development of PAI in relation to oral health. Methods: A search method was used to locate papers published between 2011 and 2023 in Google Scholar and PubMed databases, and 25 studies were selected. Reports on PAI in dentistry were included. Articles not written in English or whose full text could not be accessed were excluded. The remaining publications were checked and evaluated to determine whether they contain supportive materials for PAI in dentistry. Results: The majority of articles about PAI in dentistry are associated with caries studies. Photoacoustic microscopy is the most commonly utilized PAI system. PAI studies generally focus on ex-vivo investigations using extracted human teeth. The acoustic signal obtained from carious teeth is greater than that obtained from normal teeth. In addition to imaging oral soft tissues from animal models and the periodontal pocket depth in human volunteers, PAI is applied to evaluate dental implants and oral biofilms. Conclusion: There have been numerous investigation on PAI in dentistry, but it is not yet applicable in dental practice. In the future, PAI studies are expected to contribute to the invention of an alternative non-ionizing imaging technology that is comfortable for patients, user friendly, and capable of providing reliable information at a reasonable cost