Политика образования в Сирии: обзор

В статье рассматриваются особенности системы образования в Сирии, политики, формирующей этапы учебного процесса и основные характеристики иерархической структуры сирийского образования.This paper provides an insight to the educational system in Syria, the politics that shape the phases of educational process and the main characteristics of Syrian hierarchical structure of education

Christianity in Syria

In this paper the author discusses the importance of Syria; the land of Civilizations and the Cradle of Christianity. An overview on Syria’s Christian history and heritage is provided. The author explores how Syrian cities were the starting point for Christian missionaries to the world, a home for the ancient cathedrals and churches. The author concludes by focusing on the Christian practices in Syria

Effect of interlayer configurations on joint formation in TLP bonding of Ti-6Al-4V to Mg-AZ31

YesIn this research work, the transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding process was utilized to fabricate joints using thin (20μm) nickel and copper foils placed between two bonding surfaces to help facilitate joint formation. Two joint configurations were investigated, first, Ti- 6Al-4V/CuNi/Mg-AZ31 and second, Ti-6Al-4V/NiCu/Mg-AZ31. The effect of bonding time on microstructural developments across the joint and the changes in mechanical properties were studied as a function of bonding temperature and pressure. The bonded specimens were examined by metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In both cases, intermetallic phase of CuMg2 and Mg3AlNi2 was observed inside the joint region. The results show that joint shear strengths for the Ti-6Al-4V/CuNi/Mg- AZ31 setup produce joints with shear strength of 57 MPa compared to 27MPa for joints made using the Ti-6Al-4V/NiCu/Mg-AZ31 layer arrangement.NSERC (Canada

Updating Balanced Scorecard Model for The Evaluation of The Strategic Performance in Greater Amman Municipality

This study aimed to develop and update the model of Balance Scorecard (BSC) to measure the strategic performance efficiency at Greater Amman Municipality (GAM). In addition, the study objectives include the following: (1) To identify the availability of the BSC requirements in GAM; (2) To develop a set of measures that are in line with municipal work; and (3) To add to the BSC Model of the environmental requirements as a fifth perspective. In achieving these objectives, a questionnaire was developed based on theoretical review, previous studies, and the work experience of the authors in GAM. The questionnaire includes many items which covered five perspectives of BSC, and it was distributed to the study participants who were responsible for preparing and reviewing Strategic plan of GAM and other responsible employees in GAM. After determining the descriptive statistics and after the testing of the hypotheses, the study concluded that there is a statistical significant impact of all independent variables (customer perspective, financial perspective, environmental perspective, internal processes perspective, and learning and growth perspective) based on the efficiency of strategic performance in Greater Amman Municipality

Corrosion evaluation of 316L stainless steel in CNT-water nanofluid: Effect of CNTs loading

Polarization resistance and potentiodynamic scan testing were performed on 316L stainless steel (SS) at room temperature in carbon nanotube (CNT)-water nanofluid. Different CNT loadings of 0.05, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt% were suspended in deionized water using gum arabic (GA) surfactant. Corrosion potential, Tafel constants, corrosion rates and pitting potential values indicated better corrosion performance in the presence of CNTs with respect to samples tested in GA-water solutions. According to Gibbs free energy of adsorption, CNTs were physically adsorbed into the surface of the metal, and this adsorption followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm type II. Samples tested in CNT nanofluid revealed a corrosion performance comparable to that of tap water and better than that for GA-water solutions. Among all samples tested in CNT nanofluids, the lowest corrosion rate was attained with 0.1 wt% CNT nanofluid, while the highest value was obtained with 0.5 wt% CNT nanofluid. At higher CNT concentrations, accumulated CNTs might form active anodic sites and increase the corrosion rate. SEM images for samples of higher CNT loadings were observed to have higher pit densities and diameters.This work was supported by Hamad Bin Khalifa University, College of Science and Engineering, Sustainable Development Division, Doha, Qatar. The publication of this article was funded by the Qatar National Library. Assistance provided by the Core Lab, HBKU is greatly appreciated. Special thanks to the Materials and Corrosion Laboratory at College of the North Atlantic-Qatar for their continuous support since the early stages of this research. Great gratitude is sent to Bruce Palmer for his guidance in this work.Scopu

Fast Disinfection of Escherichia coli

Water disinfection has attracted the attention of scientists worldwide due to water scarcity. The most significant challenges are determining how to achieve proper disinfection without producing harmful byproducts obtained usually using conventional chemical disinfectants and developing new point-of-use methods for the removal and inactivation of waterborne pathogens. The removal of contaminants and reuse of the treated water would provide significant reductions in cost, time, liabilities, and labour to the industry and result in improved environmental stewardship. The present study demonstrates a new approach for the removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from water using as-produced and modified/functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with 1-octadecanol groups (C18) under the effect of microwave irradiation. Scanning/transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy were used to characterise the morphological/structural and thermal properties of CNTs. The 1-octadecanol (C18) functional group was attached to the surface of CNTs via Fischer esterification. The produced CNTs were tested for their efficiency in destroying the pathogenic bacteria (E. coli) in water with and without the effect of microwave radiation. A low removal rate (3–5%) of (E. coli) bacteria was obtained when CNTs alone were used, indicating that CNTs did not cause bacterial cellular death. When combined with microwave radiation, the unmodified CNTs were able to remove up to 98% of bacteria from water, while a higher removal of bacteria (up to 100%) was achieved when CNTs-C18 was used under the same conditions

Effect of Carboxylic Functional Group Functionalized on Carbon Nanotubes Surface on the Removal of Lead from Water

The adsorption mechanism of the removal of lead from water by using carboxylic functional group (COOH) functionalized on the surface of carbon nanotubes was investigated. Four independent variables including pH, CNTs dosage, contact time, and agitation speed were carried out to determine the influence of these parameters on the adsorption capacity of the lead from water. The morphology of the synthesized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to measure the diameter and the length of the CNTs. The diameters of the carbon nanotubes were varied from 20 to 40 nm with average diameter at 24 nm and 10 micrometer in length. Results of the study showed that 100% of lead was removed by using COOH-MCNTs at pH 7, 150 rpm, and 2 hours. These high removal efficiencies were likely attributed to the strong affinity of lead to the physical and chemical properties of the CNTs. The adsorption isotherms plots were well fitted with experimental data

The Sociopolitical Development and Activism in Syria

In this paper, the authors discuss the role of people in sustainable development in Syria through looking at the approaches, means and projects of Syria’s most influential non-governmental organization «Syria Trust for Development». The authors focus on how sociopolitical activism in Syria can be enriched by engaging with the temporal dimensions of people’s everyday social experiences via mutual cooperation among individuals, communities, the official and unofficial bodies.В данной статье обсуждается роль населения в устойчивом развитии в Сирии, рассматриваются подходы, средства и проекты самой влиятельной сирийской неправительственной организации «Syria Trust for Development». Авторы сосредоточиваются на том, как можно усилить общественно-политическую активность в Сирии, взаимодействуя с временными аспектами повседневного социального опыта людей через взаимное сотрудничество между индивидами, сообществами, официальными и неофициальными органами

Relationship Between Osteoporosis and Marginal Bone Loss in Osseointegrated Implants: A 2-Year Retrospective Study

Background: Fitting implants in osteoporotic patients has raditionally been controversial, and there is little scientific evidence relating osteoporosis to marginal bone loss (MBL). The aims of this study are as follows: 1) to evaluate the possibility of a correlation between osteoporosis, as measured by the mandibular cortical index (MCI), and MBL and 2) to assess how various systemic diseases, periodontitis, and placement of implants in regenerated bone are correlated with MBL and MCI. Methods: This retrospective study examines 212 implants inserted in 67 patients. To take a possible cluster failure into account, an implant for each patient was selected (n = 67 implants). MBL was assessed. Osteoporosis was evaluated using the MCI. Both MBL and MCI were assessed from panoramic radiographs. x2 test was performed (Haberman post hoc test). Significance was P <0.05. Results: When the total sample implant (N = 212) was evaluated, a significant association was found between the presence of osteoporosis and MCI (P <0.001) and between the presence of diabetes mellitus and MCI (P <0.01). Significant associations were also found between MBL and placement of implants in regenerated sites (P <0.001) and between MBL and a previous history of periodontitis (P <0.05). When the sample is evaluated only in selected implants (one per patient, n = 67), significant differences appear to relate only to the MBL with the placement of implants in regenerated bone sites (P <0.001). Conclusions: Osteoporosis (as evaluated by MCI) does not pose a risk for the development of greater MBL. Parameters adversely affecting the development of increased MBL are a previous history of periodontitis and especially the placement of implants at sites of bone regeneration

A Remote Digital Monitoring Platform to Assess Cognitive and Motor Symptoms in Huntington Disease: Cross-sectional Validation Study

BACKGROUND: Remote monitoring of Huntington disease (HD) signs and symptoms using digital technologies may enhance early clinical diagnosis and tracking of disease progression, guide treatment decisions, and monitor response to disease-modifying agents. Several recent studies in neurodegenerative diseases have demonstrated the feasibility of digital symptom monitoring. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel smartwatch- and smartphone-based digital monitoring platform to remotely monitor signs and symptoms of HD. METHODS: This analysis aimed to determine the feasibility and reliability of the Roche HD Digital Monitoring Platform over a 4-week period and cross-sectional validity over a 2-week interval. Key criteria assessed were feasibility, evaluated by adherence and quality control failure rates; test-retest reliability; known-groups validity; and convergent validity of sensor-based measures with existing clinical measures. Data from 3 studies were used: the predrug screening phase of an open-label extension study evaluating tominersen (NCT03342053) and 2 untreated cohorts-the HD Natural History Study (NCT03664804) and the Digital-HD study. Across these studies, controls (n=20) and individuals with premanifest (n=20) or manifest (n=179) HD completed 6 motor and 2 cognitive tests at home and in the clinic. RESULTS: Participants in the open-label extension study, the HD Natural History Study, and the Digital-HD study completed 89.95% (1164/1294), 72.01% (2025/2812), and 68.98% (1454/2108) of the active tests, respectively. All sensor-based features showed good to excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.89-0.98) and generally low quality control failure rates. Good overall convergent validity of sensor-derived features to Unified HD Rating Scale outcomes and good overall known-groups validity among controls, premanifest, and manifest participants were observed. Among participants with manifest HD, the digital cognitive tests demonstrated the strongest correlations with analogous in-clinic tests (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.79-0.90). CONCLUSIONS: These results show the potential of the HD Digital Monitoring Platform to provide reliable, valid, continuous remote monitoring of HD symptoms, facilitating the evaluation of novel treatments and enhanced clinical monitoring and care for individuals with HD