The impact of using produced water for plant irrigation and its effects on plants and soil characteristics

In this study, locally produced water was physically and chemically characterized. The results showed high concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, sodium, boron ions and sodium adsorption ratio as 300, 122, 61, 0.038 g/L and 139.9 meq/L respectively. The generated water was used after different dilution:0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% for plant irrigation in greenhouse for Medicago sativa, Zea mays, Helianthus annus, Sorghum bicolor, Phramites australis and Salsola baryosma using a complete randomized design with three replications. The results showed that all plants could not survive except Medicago sativa which tolerated up to 10% produced water with a decrease in intensity, length and biomass. Salsola baryosma tolerated up to20% produced water without any significance differences on the morphological characteristics. The FTIR results for Salsola tissues showed that cellulose structure has the great role in metals adsorption and transportation inside the plant tissue through the shifting or disappearance in transmission bands at 1028, 1334, 2852 and 2921 cm-1. The soil used in this study was sandy loam which showed a huge accumulation of sodium ions with increase in salinity and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). The organic contents of produced water were below detection limits of gas chromatography (GC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) instruments after dilutions at different levels. The results of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) extraction showed accumulation of less polar PAHs in 30% irrigated soil

The potential impact data of Tylosin and Enrofloxacin veterinary antibiotics on germination and accumulation in barley seed as a forage crop and good dietary sources using LC/MS-MS

In this study, the phytotoxic effects caused by the exposure to five different concentrations of two veterinary antibiotics (Tylosin, and Enrofloxacin) that are commonly used for the treatment of farm animals as antibacterial agents were considered. The impact of antibiotic residues was evaluated on the germination percentage, accumulation, and seedling elongation of the barley seeds using Petri dishes under controlled environmental conditions. The treatments were distributed randomly using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The germination percentage was significantly inhibited with the increasing Enrofloxacin dose concentrations, while, it was to some extent on the contrary in the case of Tylosin, where seed germination was enhanced as a result of increasing Tylosin concentrations.Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry LC/MS-MS was used to detect and quantify the uptake dosage after drying and extracting the antibiotic compounds from the seedling

Patulin and patulin producing Penicillium spp. occurrence in apples and apple-based products including baby food

Introduction: Patulin has raised the international attention because of its health risk. In fact, it has mutagenic, neurotoxic, immunotoxic, genotoxic and gastrointestinal effects in animals. In the present work, patulin and patulin-producing Penicillium spp. in apple and apple-based products marketed in Qatar were analysed. Methodology: Sampling was carried out using apple fruits and apple-based products. Fungi were isolated from undamaged apples, apple juice and baby apple food. DNA extraction was carried out with DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, USA). The molecular identification of fungal isolates was carried out using ITS1-ITS4 PCR. PCR products were sequenced and blasted. Patulin was extracted and analyzed by LC/MS/MS, then quantified using Agilent 1290UHPLC coupled to 6460 triple quadruple mass spectrometer. Results: Forty-five samples of undamaged fresh apple fruits, apple juice and apple-based baby food products sold in different markets in Qatar were surveyed for both fungal and patulin contamination using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometery (LC/MS/MS). Twenty-five Penicillium spp. isolates were selected, including 23 P. expansum and one isolate each of P. brevicompactum and P. commune. All the tested Penicillium spp. isolates produced patulin in vitro (from 40 to 100 μg/g on Malt Yeast Extract agar medium). Patulin was detected in 100% of apple juice samples at levels ranging from 5.27 to 82.21 μg/kg. Only 5 samples contained patulin levels higher than European Union recommended limit (50 μg/kg). The average patulin contamination was 30.67 μg/kg and 10.92 μg/kg in baby apple juice and in baby apple compote, respectively.This publication was made possible by NPRP grant # NPRP 4-259-2-083 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

method validation of drug quantification poster

A lowest detection limit with straight linearity were obtained by developing a method to analyze Phenacetin (Phe) in both aqueous and organic extraction by using Liquid chromatography Triple Quoadrpole mass with electrospray ionization (LCMSMS/ESI). The validation of the developed method was carried out according to ICH Harmonized Tripartite guideline. Validation criteria obtained were; the method detection limit MDL is 0.089 ng/ml, method quantification limit MQL is 0.19 ng/ml while the calibration curve linear from 0.1 to 1000 ng/mL with correlation coefficient R2 is 0.9994, Accuracy and precision up to 97% and the repeatability inter and intraday for six replicates of three concentration with RSD 2.1%. Separation occurred using Nova Pack C18 4 um, 150 x 3.9 mm column, using acetonitrile : 0.1% Formic acid 60:40% (v:v) at flow rate 1ml/min. the detector was triple quad mass spectrometry at multi-reaction mode MRM to detect parent mass 180.1 at frag 97 to transition fragments 110 and 138 at collision voltages 16 and 12 respectively

Application of yeasts and yeast derivatives for the biological control of toxigenic fungi and their toxic metabolites

Mycotoxins, the metabolites of toxigenic fungi are important contaminants of food and agriculture industry throughout the world. Among the different strategies to minimize the mycotoxins synthesis and decontamination of food; yeasts and their derivatives are used as efficient biological control agents. In this study, cell walls (CW) of six yeast strains; two commercial baking {Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc 1 and Sc2)}, two low-fermenting (Candida intermedia and Lachancea thermotolerans), and two non-fermenting (Cyberlindnera jadinii and Candida friedrichii) were explored to inhibit A. flavus growth, aflatoxin (AF) synthesis and remove mycotoxins from contaminated buffers (at pH 3, 5 and 7) and milk. The volatiles of non-fermenting yeasts showed a significant inhibitory effect on of A. flavus growth (up to 79%) and aflatoxin synthesis potential. The highest mycotoxins binding activities of Sc strains were noted against ochratoxin A (92%), AFB2 (66%), AFG2 (59%) and AFB1 (31%). The highest and lowest binding activities occurred at pH 7 and pH 3, respectively. On the other hand, all yeast CWs significantly (44%–54%) reduced aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from contaminated milk. These results show clearly that yeasts (particularly Sc) can be used as efficient biocontrol and decontamination agents in food industry or the management of mycotoxin contamination

Removal of toxic pollutants from produced water by phytoremediation: Applications and mechanistic study

Elsevier Ltd In this study, a greenhouse experiment of complete randomized design with three replications was conducted to investigate the potential of Medicago sativa, Zea mays, Helianthus annus, Sorghum bicolor, Phragmites australis and Caroxylon imbricatum in the removal of toxic pollutants from a produced water (PW). The collected local oil-refinery wastewater was also characterized physically and chemically. The concentration of the total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, sodium, boron ions and sodium adsorption ratio were 300 g/L, 122 g/L, 61 g/L, 0.038 g/L and 139.9 meq/L, respectively. Results showed that except M. sativa, tolerated up to 10% diluted PW with a 30% decrease in length and biomass compared to control treatment, all other plants could not survive. However, Caroxylon imbricatum tolerated up to 20% diluted PW without any significant differences in the morphological characteristics. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results for C. imbricatum tissues showed that cellulose structure had the greatest role in the metal adsorption and transportation inside the plant tissue. This conclusion is verified by the shifting or disappearance in transmission bands at 1028, 1334, 2852 and 2921 cm−1. After PW treatment, the soil with sandy-loam texture used in this study showed a huge accumulation of sodium ions up to 17.6 × 103 mg/Kg. The organic contents of the PW were below the detection limits of the gas chromatography (GC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) instruments. The results of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) extraction showed accumulation of less polar PAHs in 30% irrigated soil