In vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Extracts of five Turkish Lamiaceae Species

The in vitro antiprotozoal activities of crude methanolic extracts from the aerial parts of five Lamiaceae plants (Salvia tomentosa, S. sclarea, S. dichroantha, Nepeta nuda subsp. nuda and Marrubium astracanicum subsp. macrodon) were evaluated against four parasitic protozoa, i.e. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi, Leishmania donovani and Plasmodium falciparum. The cytotoxic potentials of the extracts on L6 cells were also evaluated. Melarsoprol, benznidazole, miltefosine, chloroquine and podophyllotoxin were used as reference drugs. All crude MeOH extracts showed antiprotozoal potential against at least three parasites, so they were dispersed in water and partitioned against n-hexane and chloroform to yield three subextracts that were screened in the same test systems. The n-hexane extract of N. nuda was the most active against T. brucei rhodesiense while the CHCl3 extracts of S. tomentosa and S. dichroantha showed significant activity against L. donovani. All organic extracts displayed in vitro antimalarial and moderate trypanocidal activities against T. cruzi with the n-hexane extract of S. sclarea being the most active against the latter. The extracts displayed low or no cytotoxicity towards mammalian L6 cells

Evaluation of in vitro antiprotozoal activity of Ajuga laxmannii and its secondary metabolites

Abstract: Context: Some Ajuga L. (Lamiaceae) species are traditionally used for the treatment of malaria, as well as fever, which is a common symptom of many parasitic diseases. Objective: In the continuation of our studies on the identification of antiprotozoal secondary metabolites of Turkish Lamiaceae species, we have investigated the aerial parts of Ajuga laxmannii. Materials and methods: The aerial parts of A. laxmannii were extracted with MeOH. The H2O subextract was subjected to polyamide, C18-MPLC and SiO2 CCs to yield eight metabolites. The structures of the isolates were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and MS analyses. The extract, subextracts as well as the isolates were tested for their in vitro antiprotozoal activities against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanasoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi and Leishmania donovani at concentrations of 90–0.123 μg/mL. Results: Two iridoid glycosides harpagide (1) and 8-O-acetylharpagide (2), three o-coumaric acid derivatives cis-melilotoside (3), trans-melilotoside (4) and dihydromelilotoside (5), two phenylethanoid glycosides verbascoside (6) and galactosylmartynoside (7) and a flavone-C-glycoside, isoorientin (8) were isolated. Many compounds showed moderate to good antiparasitic activity, with isoorientin (8) displaying the most significant antimalarial potential (an IC50 value of 9.7 μg/mL). Discussion and conclusion: This is the first report on the antiprotozoal evaluation of A. laxmannii extracts and isolates. Furthermore, isoorientin and dihydromelilotoside are being reported for the first time from the genus Ajuga

Force Sense Evaluation Of The Knee Joint Following Meniscectomy Related With Degenerative Meniscal Tear

Wo

Effects Of Slow And Accelerated Rehabilitation Protocols On Range Of Motion After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the early initiation of passive and active range of motion exercises following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Methods: The study included 40 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Patients were quasi-randomly assigned into accelerated (ACCEL) protocol (n=19) and slow (SLOW) protocol (n=21) groups. Patients in both groups were treated with the same protocol. Active range of motion was begun at the 3rd week in the ACCEL group and the 6th week in the SLOW group. Range of motion was recorded at postoperative weeks 3, 5, 8, 12, and 24. Results: While active range of motion for all measurements improved across weeks, there were no differences between groups, with the exception of active total elevation which was greater at all time point measurements in the ACCEL group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The early initiation of passive and gentle controlled active motion exercise following rotator cuff repairs does not appear to affect range of motion in the first 6 postoperative months.WoSScopu

The Importance of Apoptosis in Cancer Development and Treatment

Cancer is one of the most important causes of death in our era. Multifactorial causes are involved in the formation of cancer. The reduction of apoptosis is one of these reasons. Failure to activate apoptosis pathways can lead to resistance to the current treatment approaches of cancers. A better understanding of the molecular events that regulate apoptosis in cancers and cancer therapy form the basis of a more rational approach to the development of molecular targeted therapies in the fight against cancer

The effect of the Akt-AMP kinase signaling pathway on glycolysis metabolism in the differentiation process of mesenchymal stem cells to neural progenitor cells

In our study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between pos-sible changes in glycolysis metabolism and the energy-dependentAMP kinase and Akt signaling pathway during neuronal differ-entiation of human wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSC). During the differentiation process, time-dependentchanges in cellular lactate, pyruvate, AMPK enzyme and AcetylCoA levels were measured by colorimetric photometric and fluo-rometric method in the presence and absence of Akt, which inac-tivates&nbsp; the&nbsp; AMPK&nbsp; enzyme.&nbsp; On&nbsp; the&nbsp; 7th&nbsp; day&nbsp; of&nbsp; neuronaldifferentiation induction, AMPK enzyme levels were significantlydecreased (p&lt;0.05), and the AMPK levels increased after Aktinhibitor application. In WJ-MSCs, it was shown that cellularlactate&nbsp; levels&nbsp; decreased&nbsp; depending&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; induction&nbsp; time(p&lt;0.05). On the 7th day of neuronal differentiation, it wasdetermined that pyruvate levels decreased significantly comparedto cells without induction group, and acetyl CoA levels wereincreased. While this decrease observed in pyruvate levels wasprevented by Akt inhibition, it was observed that acetyl CoAlevels increased even more. The significant decrease in AMPKlevels on the 7th day when neural progenitor cells are formed inthe differentiation process supports the hypothesis that thisenzyme, which suppresses lipid synthesis, may play a key role inthe formation of mature neurons. However, the change in acetylCoA and pyruvate levels observed with inhibition of Akt sug-gested that the Akt-AMPK signaling pathway may play a domi-nant role in acetyl CoA metabolism. On the other hand, in thepresence of Akt, the capacity of WJ-MSCs to transform intomature neurons may be promoted, along with a decrease in theAMPK enzyme level and an increase in the utilization of pyru-vate. Further studies will guide the use of lactate-acetyl CoA/pyruvate levels as a biomarker in neuronal differentiation stepsin WJ-MSCs.</p

Isolation of anti-inflammatory compounds from Sambucus ebulus leaves through in vitro activity-guided fractionation

63rd International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-and-Natural-Product-Research (GA) -- August 23-27, 2015 -- Budapest, HungaryWOS: 000367558100418The in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of subextracts (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, remaining water) of the methanol extract of the leaves of Sambucus ebulus L. (Adoxaceae) were investigated for their inhibitory activities on the activation of Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) on lipopolysaccharide induced Raw 264.7 cells. The n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate subextracts inhibited NF-κB activation at 50, 100 and 100 µg/mL concentrations, respectively. Two flavonoid mixtures [quercetin-3-O-β-D- glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside], two flavonoids [isorhamnetin-3-O- β-D-glucopyranoside (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (2)] were isolated from ethyl acetate subextract. 10-O-acetylpatrinoside (3) and a new iridoid [Sambulin B (4)] was obtained from chloroform and n-hexane subextracts respectively. Structures were elucidated by NMR and MS. The compounds exerted inhibitions between 30 – 80% on NF-κB. Flavonoids were applied to cells at 25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/mL concentrations. Sambulin B was applied at 6,25, 12,5, 25 and Sambulin A applied at 12,5, 25 and 50 µg/mL concentrations

Eklem Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi Joint Diseases and Related Surgery Original Article / Çalışma -Araştırma Eklem Hastalık Cerrahisi Manual therapy is an effective treatment for frozen shoulder in diabetics: An observational study Manuel terapi diyabetli has

Amaç: Bu çalışmada diabetes mellitusu olan ve olmayan donuk omuz hastalarında manuel terapinin etkinliği karşı-laştırıldı. Hastalar ve yöntemler: Mayıs 2006 -Ocak 2008 tarihleri arasında ortopedik cerrahlar tarafından Sporcu Sağlığı Ünitesi&apos;ne sevk edilen 50 hasta (10 erkek, 40 kadın; ort. yaş 52±10 yıl; aralık 40-65 yıl) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastalar iki gruba ayrıldı: tip II diabetes mellitusu olan (n=12) ve olmayan (n=38) primer donuk omuzlu hastalar. Tüm hastalar haftada iki kez soğuk uygulama, manuel terapi ve egzersiz içeren rehabilitasyon programına alındı. Hastalara ortalama 16 tedavi seansı uygulandı. Manuel terapinin en önemli kısmını skapular mobilizasyon ve posteriyor kapsül germe egzersizi oluşturmaktaydı. Eklem hareket açıklığı, gonyometre ile ölçüldü. Fonksiyonel aktivite düzeyi Constant skoruna göre değerlendirildi. Ağrı düzeyi görsel analog ölçeği ile ve kas kuvveti el dinamometresi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Grupların parametrelerinin karşılaştırılmasında Student t-testi; hastaların tedavi öncesi ve sonrası değerlerinin karşılaştırılmasında ise, iki grup t-testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: İki gruptaki hastaların tümünde eklem hareketi açıklığı, fonksiyonel aktivite düzeyi ve kas kuvveti rehabilitasyon sonrasında gelişti ve ağrı düzeyi azaldı (p&lt;0.05). Grupların tedavi süresi arasında bir farklılık bulunmadı (p&gt;0.05). Rehabilitasyon öncesi ve sonrasında grupların eklem hareketi açıklığı, fonksiyonel aktivite seviyesi, ağrı düzeyi ve kas kuvveti arasında farklılık bulunmadı (p&gt;0.05). Sonuç: Manuel terapi yaklaşımları, donuk omzu olan diyabetli hastalarda güvenle uygulanabilir. Anahtar sözcükler: Diabetes mellitus; donuk omuz; muskuloskeletal manipülasyonlar. Objectives: This study aims to compare the efficacy of manual therapy in the frozen shoulder patients with or without diabetes mellitus. Patients and methods: Between May 2006 and January 2008, 50 patients (10 males, 40 females; mean age 52±10 years; range 40 to 65 years) orthopedic surgeons referred to the Sports Physiotherapy Unit were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, including patients with primary frozen shoulder with type II diabetes mellitus (n=12) and non diabetics (n=38). All patients underwent a rehabilitation program including cold application, manual therapy and exercises twice a week. A total of 16 treatment sessions were performed. The most important part of the manual therapy included scapular mobilization and posterior capsule stretching. The range of motion was measured by goniometry. Functional activity status was assessed by Constant&apos;s score. The pain level was evaluated by visual analog scale, while muscle strength was evaluated by hand-held dynamometer. Student t-test was used to compare between the parameters of groups, while Paired sample t-test was used to compare preand post-treatment parameters of the patients. Results: The range of motion, functional activity status and muscular strength were improved and the pain level was reduced after rehabilitation in all of the patients in both groups (p&lt;0.05). There was no difference in duration of the treatment between the groups (p&gt;0.05). There were no differences in range of motion, functional activity status, pain level, and muscle strength before and after rehabilitation between the groups (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Manual therapy approaches may be safely applied in diabetic patients with frozen shoulder