U-19 akademi gelişim liglerinde oynayan futbolcuların ruminatif düşünce biçimleri ve sporcu duygu düzenleme becerilerinin incelenmesi

Bu araştırmada, U-19 akademi gelişim liglerinde oynayan futbolcuların ruminatif düşünce biçimleri ve sporcu duygu düzenleme becerilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Genel tarama modeline göre yürütülen çalışmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada verileri toplamak amacıyla, “Sporcu Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği” ve “Ruminatif Düşünce Biçimi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için değişkenler arasındaki farklılıkların belirlenmesinde t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), ölçekler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenebilmesi için ise Pearson Korelasyon analiz kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya, Bitexen Giresunspor, MKE Ankaragücü, Gençlerbirliği ve Hacettepe 1945 Spor Kulüplerinde futbol oynayan U-19 yaş grubu 113 futbolcu katılmıştır. Korelasyon analizleri ruminasyon ve sporcu duygu düzenleme alt boyutları incelendiğinde bilişsel yeniden değerlendirme ile ruminasyon arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki saptanmıştır (r=-0,217). Araştırma değişkenlerinden olan başarı düzeyi değişkeni ile sporcu duygu düzenleme alt boyutu olan bilişsel yeniden değerlendirme ile arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, katılımcıların ruminasyon davranışı ile sporcu duygu düzenleme alt boyutu olan bilişsel yeniden değerlendirme arasında negatif yönde bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

Analysis of Market Access Agreements in Turkey

BACKGROUND: Reimbursement agencies are increasingly adopting innovative reimbursement approaches for new and expensive technologies. Social Security Institution (SSI), Turkey`s reimbursement agency, established the Alternative Reimbursement Commission (ARC) on February 10, 2016. This study aimed to understand the implementations of market access agreements in recent years in Turkey.METHODS: Decisions of the Health Services Pricing Commission published in the official gazette , and information from the Turkey Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, the Abroad Drug List, Health Implementation Communique published by SSI with additional lists, such as the Annex-4A List of Reimbursed Medicines and the Annex-4C Abroad Drug Price List, were used. The data was transferred to Windows Office Excel files, and a descriptive analysis was conducted and evaluated by two market access experts.RESULTS: There were 57 drugs included in the coverage of reimbursement with alternative reimbursement since the application was started in Turkey. 35 of them were added to Annex-4A and 22 of them to Annex-4C. Furthermore, 45.6% of the drugs had an Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) code of l-antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents, 28% were orphan drugs, 44 of them had a confidential discount rate, and financial-based agreement models were preferred for nearly all agreements.CONCLUSIONS: Turkey has been implementing market access agreements since mid-2016. In the past 3 years, 57 drugs have been covered for reimbursement under the new implementation. Further analysis should be conducted to understand the decision-making process involved

EFFECT OF THE USE OF DRAMA METHOD ON THE 5TH GRADE STUDENTS'SUCCESS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES COURSE

Bu tezin amacı, bilişim teknolojileri dersinin drama yöntemi kullanılarak öğretilmesinin öğrencilerin akademik başarı düzeylerinde anlamlı bir fark yaratıp yaratmayacağının incelenmesidir. Bu araştırmanın evrenini Afyonkarahisar ili Sinanpaşa ilçesinde, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığının bilişim teknolojileri dersi 4. basamak ders kitabını işleyen ilköğretim okulu öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın deney grubu; Afyonkarahisar ili Sinanpaşa ilçesi Taşoluk kasabası Fatih İlköğretim Okulu 5. sınıf öğrencileri, kontrol grubu ise Taşoluk İlköğretim Okulu 5. sınıf öğrencileridir. Araştırmaya başlanırken öncelik ünite seçimine verilmiş ve bilgisayar sistemleri ünitesi drama yöntemi ile anlatılmak üzere belirlenmiştir. Uygulamaya başlanmadan önce deney ve kontrol gruplarının bilgi düzeylerinin eşitliği, öğrencilerin önceki sınıflarda görmüş oldukları bilişim teknolojileri ders konularını içeren ve konuların homojen şekilde dağılmış olduğu bir hazır bulunuşluk testi ile kontrol edilmiştir. Bu testin sonucunda deney ve kontrol gruplarının bilgi düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı görülmüştür. Bu testin ardından deney rubuna bilgisayar sistemleri ünitesi, beş hafta süre ile haftada iki ders saati süresince drama yöntemi ile işlenirken, aynı ünite eşit sürede kontrol grubuna geleneksel ders anlatım yöntemi ile işlenmiştir. Bu süre sonunda deney ve kontrol gruplarına bilgisayar sistemleriünitesinin içerdiği konuların, homojen bir şekilde dağılmış sorularından oluşan bir başarı testi uygulanmıştır. Bu testin sonuçları SPSS 15.0 programı ile analiz edilmiş ve bu analiz sonucunda aşağıdaki bulgulara ulaşılmıştır; * Araştırmanın başında deney ve kontrol grubuna uygulanan hazır bulunuşluk testinde iki grubun bilgi düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı; * Deney grubuna drama yöntemi, kontrol grubuna geleneksel ders anlatım yöntemi ile işlenen ünite sonrasında uygulanan başarı testinin sonucunda elde edilen başarı puanlarının deney grubu lehine olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bulgular ışığında; drama yöntemi ile öğretim yapılmasının bilişim teknolojileri dersinin anlaşılabilirliğini arttıracağı görülmüş ve bu araştırmanın bu alanda yapılacak diğer araştırmalara başlangıç niteliğinde olması da amaçlanmıştır.The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether the usage of drama method makes a reasonable difference in the teaching of Information Technologies course. The subjects of this thesis are composed of primary education students who use the 4th level information technologies course book published by Ministry of Education. All of the participants are from Sinanpaşa, Afyonkarahisar. Experimental group of the research is the 5th grade students of Fatih Primary School which is in the town of Taşoluk in Sinanpaşa, Afyonkarahisar while the control group includes the 5th grade students of Taşoluk Primary School which is in the same town. As the very first step of this research, selection of the unit was made and the unit with the title of Computer Systems was chosen as the unit which would be taught with the method of drama. Before starting the experiment, equality of the experimental and the control groups' knowledge level was tested through a placement test which includes the subjects of the previous years' Information Technologies courses and which covers all these subjects homogeneously. According to the results of this test, it was found out that there wasn't a considerable difference between the levels of two groups. After the implementation of the test, the unit with the title of Computer Systems was taught to the experimental group with Drama Method for a-five-week period via two courses in each week. Meanwhile the same unit was taught to the control group with the traditional methods of teaching during the same period. At the end of this process, an achievement test that consists of homogeneously selected questions about the subjects of Computer Systems unit was applied to the control and the experimental groups. The results of this test were analyzed via SPSS 15.0 Programme and according to the analysis data indicated below was found: * There wasn't a considerable difference between the knowledge levels of the two groups according to the placement test which was implemented just before the experiment. * After the unit which was covered with the Drama Method for the experimental group while it was taught to control group through Traditional Method, it was understood that the success rates of the experimental group were better than the ones of control group. In the light of the data, it is realized that teaching Information Technologies course through Drama Method will result in more comprehensible subjects and much more successful students. It is aimed that this research will be the very first step of the further investigation in this sphere

Accuracy assessment of RFerns, NB, SVM, and kNN machine learning classifiers in aquaculture

Background: Fish diseases are the primary cause of decreased productivity and financial losses in fish farms. Detecting and monitoring fish disease using human eye is a time-consuming manual process. Technological advancements have made possible that data may now be collected at unprecedented speeds, quantities, and complexity, with far less effort and expense. Species must be provided optimum environmental conditions for healthy production. However, sub-optimal conditions and managerial issues could lead to disease outbreaks in fish farms. Machine learning (ML) classifiers can provide solutions to fish farm difficulties by collecting data with less efforts. Methods: This study investigated water physico-chemical parameters potentially responsible for bacterial disease outbreak in fish farms. Four most popular ML algorithms, i.e., support vector machine (SVM), naïve bayes (NB), random ferns (RFerns), and K-nearest neighbor (kNN) were used to detect the physico-chemical parameters of water causing the disease. Data were collected from 3 different farms in two-month periods for 1 year. Models were developed by using 10-fold cross validation procedure to the training dataset data for each model. The models were examined using seven distinct metrics throughout the training and testing phases. Results: The SVM and RFerns classifiers produced accurate results (100% for both) during the testing phase, while kNN and NB classifiers achieved lower accuracy (91.3% accuracy for both). Conclusion: The SVM and RFerns algorithms performed better than kNN and NB algorithms in both the training and testing phases of the study. Although earlier research confirms the efficacy of the SVM algorithm in aquaculture, comparable efficacy of RFerns with SVM has been reported in this sector for the first time, which is a significant addition to the literature

Evaluation of disease outbreak in terms of physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal load of water in a fish farm with machine learning techniques

Diseases are quite common in fish farms because of changes in physico-chemical characteristics in the aquatic environment, and operational concerns, i.e., overstocking and feeding issues. In the present study, potential factors (water physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal load) on the disease-causing state of the pathogenic bacteria Lactococcus garvieae and Vagococcus sp. were examined with machine learning techniques in a trout farm. Recording of physico-chemical characteristics of the water, fish sampling and bacteria identification were carried out at bimonthly intervals. A dataset was generated from the physico-chemical characteristics of the water and the occurrence of bacteria in the trout samples. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was used to determine the most important independent variables within the generated dataset. The most important seven features affecting bacteria occurrence were determined. The model creation process continued with these seven features. Three well-known machine learning techniques (Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression and Naïve Bayes) were used to model the dataset. Consequently, all the three models have produced comparable results, and Support Vector Machine (93.3% accuracy) had the highest accuracy. Monitoring changes in the aquaculture environment and detecting situations causing significant losses through machine learning techniques have a great potential to support sustainable production

An Investigation of the Effects of Curcumin on the Changes in the Central Nervous System of Rats Exposed to Aroclor 1254 in the Prenatal Period

Yurdakok-Dikmen, Begum/0000-0002-0385-3602WOS: 000435906600008PubMed: 29546838Background & Objective: Aroclor 1254 is a widespread toxic compound of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), which can create significant nervous problems. No remedies have been found to date. The aim of this study was to reveal the damage that occurs in the central nervous system of rat pups exposed to Aroclor 1254 in the prenatal period and to show the inhibiting effect of curcumin, which is a strong anti-oxidant and neuroprotective substance. Method: The study established 3 groups of adult female and male Wistar albino rats. The rats were mated within these groups and the offspring rats were evaluated within the group given Aroclor 1254 only (n=10) and the group was given both Aroclor 1254 and curcumin (n=10) and the control group (n=10). The groups were compared in respect of pathomorphological damage. The immunohistochemical evaluation was made of 8-hydroxdeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxynoneal (4HNE), myelin basic protein (MBP) expressions and TUNEL reaction. The biochemical evaluation was made of the changes in the TAS-TOS and Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) levels. Damage was seen to have been reduced with curcumin in the 8OHdG and TUNEL reactions, especially in the forebrain and the midbrain, although the dosage applied did not significantly change TAS and TOS levels. Consequently, it was understood that Aroclor 1254 caused damage in the central nervous system of the pup in the prenatal period, and curcumin reduced these negative effects, particularly in the forebrain and the midbrain. Conclusion: It was concluded that curcumin could be a potential neuroprotective agent and would be more effective at higher doses.Scientific and Technological Research Projects Funding Program (TUBITAK) [214O124]This study was supported by funding received from the Scientific and Technological Research Projects Funding Program (TUBITAK) under project number 214O124