Avaliação do extrato da Zeyheria tuberculosa na perspectiva de um produto para cicatrização de feridas

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and healing activities of the ethanolic extract of the stems of Z. tuberculosa via topical use and/or oral ingestion. METHOD: antimicrobial assays in vitro using the disk diffusion method, the Artemia salina toxicity test, and in vivo assays with Wistar rats. From these was collected clinical, histological and biochemical data for evaluating the healing process. RESULTS: in vitro antimicrobial testing showed activity in relation to Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with zones of inhibition of 18, 14 and 10 mm, respectively. The best minimum inhibitory concentration was 62.5 µg/ml for S. aureus, this bacteria being chosen for the in vitro assays. Animals treated with the ointments with the extract of Z. tuberculosa showed the best results in the reduction of the wound diameter, data confirmed by the presence of re-epithelialization in the histological samples. CONCLUSION: the extract was shown to be promising for the continuation of studies which may identify the active ingredients responsible for the pharmacological activity and its mechanism of action in the process of wound healing, so as to develop a product which may be used as an alternate means in the repair of infected cutaneous wounds.OBJETIVOS: evaluar las actividades antimicrobianas, citotóxicas y cicatrizantes del extracto etanólico del tallo de la Z. tuberculosa por vía tópica y/o ingestión oral. MÉTODO: ensayos antimicrobianos in vitro por el método de difusión en disco, prueba de toxicidad de la Artemia salina y ensayos in vivo con ratones Wistar. En estos fueron recolectados datos clínicos, histológicos y bioquímicos para evaluación del proceso de cicatrización. RESULTADOS: los ensayos antimicrobianos in vitro mostraron actividad frente a la Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus epidermidis, con halos de inhibición de 18, 14 y 10 mm, respectivamente. La mejor concentración inhibitoria mínima fue 62,5 µg/mL para S. aureus, siendo esta bacteria escogida para los ensayos in vivo. Animales tratados con las pomadas del extracto de la Z. tuberculosa presentaron mejores resultados en la reducción del diámetro de la herida, dato confirmado por la presencia de reepitelización en los cortes histológicos. CONCLUSIÓN: el extracto se mostró promisor para la continuación de estudios que identifiquen los principios activos responsables por la actividad farmacológica y su mecanismo de acción en el proceso de cicatrización de heridas, con la finalidad de desarrollar un producto que pueda ser utilizado de forma alternativa en la reparación de heridas cutáneas infectadas.OBJETIVOS: avaliar as atividades antimicrobiana, citotóxica e cicatrizante do extrato etanólico do caule da Z. tuberculosa por via tópica e/ou ingestão oral. MÉTODO: ensaios antimicrobianos in vitro pelo método de difusão em disco, teste de toxicidade da Artemia salina e ensaios in vivo com ratos Wistar. Nesses foram coletados dados clínicos, histológicos e bioquímicos para avaliação do processo de cicatrização. RESULTADOS: ensaios antimicrobianos in vitro mostraram atividade frente à Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis, com halos de inibição de 18, 14 e 10mm, respectivamente. A melhor concentração inibitória mínima foi 62,5µg/mL para S. aureus, sendo essa bactéria escolhida para os ensaios in vivo. Animais tratados com as pomadas do extrato da Z. tuberculosa apresentaram melhores resultados na redução do diâmetro da ferida, dado confirmado pela presença de reepitelização nos cortes histológicos. CONCLUSÃO: o extrato mostrou-se promissor para a continuação de estudos que identifiquem os princípios ativos responsáveis pela atividade farmacológica e seu mecanismo de ação no processo de cicatrização de feridas, a fim de desenvolver um produto que possa ser utilizado de forma alternativa no reparo de feridas cutâneas infectadas

What is the role of apelin regarding cardiovascular risk and progression of renal disease in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy?

Aims. To evaluate the association of different apelin levels with cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization, renal function, and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients with mild to moderate CKD. Methods. An observational, prospective study involving 150 patients divided into groups according to baseline apelin levels: 1 = 329 pg/mL. Baseline characteristics were analyzed and compared. Multivariate Cox regression was used to find out predictors of cardiovascular mortality, and multivariate logistic regression was used to find out predictors of hospitalization and disease progression. Simple linear regressions and Pearson correlations were used to investigate correlations between apelin and renal disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Results. Patients' survival at 83 months in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 39%, 40%, and 71.2%, respectively (P = 0.046). Apelin, age, and eGFR were independent predictors of mortality, and apelin, creatinine, eGFR, resistin, and visfatin were independent predictors of hospitalization. Apelin levels were negatively correlated with cardiovascular risk factors and positively correlated with eGFR. Patients with lower apelin levels were more likely to start a depurative technique. Conclusions. Apelin levels might have a significant clinical use as a marker/predictor of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization or even as a therapeutic agent for CKD patients with cardiovascular disease

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

EVOLUCION HISTORICA DE LA EDUCACIÓN DE LA INFANCIA EN PORTUGAL

Este artículo es una reseña sobre el origen y la evolución de la educación preescolar en este país, que en líneas generales, sigue un recorrido paralelo a las demás naciones. La tarea educativa con la infancia portuguesa se inicia en la primera parte del siglo XIX, y se extiende en la segunda, debido a la influencia de Froebel y otros pedagogos europeos. En la primera mitad de la presente centuria, se intenta dar un nuevo impulso a la enseñanza infantil, en Portugal, aunque fue mas a nivel legislativo que en la realidad. Después de ciertos vaivenes, llegamos a la década de los 60 en la que se generaliza esta necesidad. El cambio político, de abril de 1974, favorece la creación de un sistema publico de educación preescolar, en 1977, por el cual el estado se hacia cargo de la escuela infantil

Historical evolution of infant education in Portugal

Este artículo es una reseña sobre el origen y la evolución de la educación preescolar en este país, que, en líneas generales, sigue un recorrido paralelo a las demás naciones. La tarea educativa con la infancia portuguesa se inicia en la primera parte del siglo XIX, y se extiende en la segunda, debido a la influencia de Froebel y otros pedagogos europeos. En la primera mitad de la presente centuria, se intanta dar un nuevo impulso a la enseñanza infantil, en Portugal, aunque fue más a nivel legislativo que en la realidad. Después de ciertos vaivenes, llegamos a la década de los 60 en la que se generaliza esta necesidad. El cambio político, de Abril de 1974,Javorece la creación de un sistema público de educación preescolar, en 1977, por el cual el Estado se hacía cargo de la escuela infantil.This article is a review of the origin and evolution of nursery education in this country one which, in general, follows a parallel course to the rest of the nations. The educational task with Portuguese infants begins in thefirst part ofthe 19 th Century and increases in the second part due to the influence of Froebel and other European educators. In the first half of the present century, nursery education in Portugal is given a new impetus, although more at a legislative than at a practica/ leve/. After certain vicissitudes we reach the decade of the sixties in which this need becomes generalized. The political change of April 1974 favou~ the creation of a public system of nursery education in 1977 by which the state becomes responsible for infant schooling.peerReviewe

Campo abierto

Resumen basado en el de la publicación. Resumen en inglésSe informa acerca del origen y la evolución de la educación preescolar en Portugal. Se indica que esta tarea educativa se inicia en la primera parte del siglo XIX y se extiende en la segunda, debido a la influencia de Froebel y otros pedagogos europeos. Además, en la primera mitad del siglo XX se intenta dar un nuevo impulso a la enseñanza infantil, que se plasmó, sobre todo, a nivel legislativo. Finalmente, se señala que el cambio político de 1974 favoreció la creación de un sistema público de educación preescolar y que en 1977 el Estado se hizo cargo de la escuela infantil.ExtremaduraConsejería de Educación y Cultura. Secretaría General de Educación; Calle Delgado Valencia, 6; 06800 Mérida (Badajoz); Tel. +34924006714; Fax +34924006716; [email protected]

Interações em cidades amazônicas sob a perspectiva da cartografia movente

This paper deals with the concept of cities as privileged spaces for communication (Reguillo-Cruz, 2007). We propose a discussion, based on the empirical scenarios studied, on the interactions and dynamics of space constitution in Amazonian cities where there are wooden bridges, called marombas, which reconnect flooded areas in the situation of rising river waters. The marombas indicate daily communication processes and specify the relationship between men and nature. We understand, based on França (2006) and Braga (2011), interactions as processes in which people build social and cultural habits. As a methodological perspective, we stand for the approach of the moving cartography as a fundamental way for understanding the Amazonian communicational experiences.Neste artigo, partimos da noção de que as cidades são espaços privilegiados para a comunicação (Reguillo-Cruz, 2007). Assim, propõe-se uma discussão, com base em cenários empíricos investigados, sobre as interações e as dinâmicas de organização do espaço em cidades amazônicas desde uso de pontes de madeira conhecidas como marombas que reconectam as áreas alagadas pela subida das águas rios. As marombas evidenciam processos comunicacionais cotidianos e explicitam a relação entre homem e natureza. Compreendem-se, seguindo França (2006) e Braga (2011), interações como processos a partir dos quais as pessoas se constituem social e culturalmente. Como perspectiva metodológica, defende-se a postura da cartografia movente, necessária à compreensão das realidades comunicacionais amazônicas.Partimos de la idea de que las ciudades son espacios privilegiados para la comunicación (Reguillo-Cruz, 2007). Así, proponemos un debate, basado en los escenarios empíricos investigados, sobre las interacciones y dinámicas de organización del espacio en las ciudades amazónicas a partir del uso de puentes de madera conocidos como marombas, que permiten conectar las zonas inundadas por la subida del río. Las marombas evidencian procesos de comunicación cotidianos y hacen explícita una relación entre el hombre y la naturaleza. Comprendemos, siguiendo el propuesto por França (2006) y Braga (2011), las interacciones como procesos a partir de los cuales las personas se constituyen social y culturalmente. Como perspectiva metodología, defendemos la postura de la cartografía móvil, fundamental para la comprensión de las realidades comunicacionales amazónicas