The decoration of the world city, the phenomenon of street art

El muralismo, street art, ya es parte indivisible de las urbes más importantes, cuenta con una marcada presencia. Hay un componente cultural muy importante en los sentidos que se le asigna a dibujar en los muros; cultura en la suma de idearios estéticos, moda, música y deportes. Simple vandalismo o genialidad pictórica. Finalmente, con el transcurso del tiempo, ha dejado de existir en un sentido polémico o de discordia para asumir un rol decorativo y de embellecimiento del paisaje en las ciudades.Muralism, street art, is already an indivisible part of the most important cities, it has a marked presence. There is a very important cultural component in the senses that are assigned to draw on the walls; culture in the sum of aesthetic ideas, fashion, music and sports. Simple vandalism or pictorial genius. Finally, with the passage of time, it has ceased to exist in a controversial or discordant sense to assume a decorative role and beautification of the landscape in cities.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Manuel Astorga a Juan Facundo Quiroga

En referencia a la solicitud de las esposas de los unitarios emigrados a Chile que solicitan licencia del gobierno de San Juan Para pasar a Chile. Los perjuicios para el erario público en momentos de gran penuri

Manuel Astorga a Juan Facundo Quiroga

Asuntos eclesiásticos. Sobre la devolución de las propiedades de los regulares. Solicita interceda para que su Ilustrísima entregue los claustros a los Dominico

Expressive Policy-Based Access Control for Resource-Constrained Devices

Upcoming smart scenarios enabled by the Internet of Things envision smart objects that expose services that can adapt to user behavior or be managed with the goal of achieving higher productivity, often in multi-stakeholder applications. In such environments, smart things are cheap sensors (and actuators) and, therefore, constrained devices. However, they are also critical components because of the importance of the provided information. Therefore, strong security is a must. Nevertheless, existing feasible approaches do not cope well with the principle of least privilege; they lack both expressiveness and the ability to update the policy to be enforced in the sensors. In this paper, we propose an access control model that comprises a policy language that provides dynamic fine-grained policy enforcement in the sensors based on local context conditions. This dynamic policy cycle requires a secure, efficient, and traceable message exchange protocol. For that purpose, a security protocol called Hidra is also proposed. A security and performance evaluation demonstrates the feasibility and adequacy of the proposed protocol and access control model.This work was supported in part by the Training and Research Unit through UPV/EHU under Grant UFI11/16 and in part by the Department of Economic Development and Competitiveness of the Basque Government through the Security Technologies SEKUTEK Collaborative Research Projec

Breast Cancer and Its Relationship with the Microbiota

The microorganisms that live symbiotically in human beings are increasingly recognized as important players in health and disease. The largest collection of these microorganisms is found in the gastrointestinal tract. Microbial composition reflects both genetic and lifestyle variables of the host. This microbiota is in a dynamic balance with the host, exerting local and distant effects. Microbial perturbation (dysbiosis) could contribute to the risk of developing health problems. Various bacterial genes capable of producing estrogen-metabolizing enzymes have been identified. Accordingly, gut microbiota is capable of modulating estrogen serum levels. Conversely, estrogen-like compounds may promote the proliferation of certain species of bacteria. Therefore, a crosstalk between microbiota and both endogenous hormones and estrogen-like compounds might synergize to provide protection from disease but also to increase the risk of developing hormone-related diseases. Recent research suggests that the microbiota of women with breast cancer differs from that of healthy women, indicating that certain bacteria may be associated with cancer development and with different responses to therapy. In this review, we discuss recent knowledge about the microbiome and breast cancer, identifying specific characteristics of the human microbiome that may serve to develop novel approaches for risk assessment, prevention and treatment for this disease

DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN EMULADOR DEL CIRCUITO HIDRÁULICO DEL SISTEMA CIRCULATORIO (DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT EMULATOR OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM)

Resumen Este artículo presenta el diseño e implementación de un emulador de la función hidráulica del sistema cardiovascular. El emulador consiste en 6 tanques interconectados (representando las aurículas, ventrículos, el cuerpo y pulmones), 4 válvulas (representando la mitral, tricúspide, aortica y pulmonar) y 2 bombas para la transportación del líquido (sangre real) del cuerpo hacia el corazón y del corazón hacia los pulmones. Finalmente, se implementa un sistema electrónico basado en un microcontrolador para sintonizar la conducción de las bombas y las válvulas. La principal contribución de este desarrollo es la fabricación de un equipo de demostración y la posibilidad de aplicación multipropósito en diferentes áreas como exposiciones para niños, explicación del funcionamiento del corazón y enfermedades, capacitación de asistentes médicos y estudiantes, capacitación en mecatrónica, practica de ingeniería de control, etc. Palabras Clave: Electrocardiograma, sistema circulatorio, válvulas corazón. Abstract In this paper the design and implementation of an emulator of the hydraulic function of the cardiovascular system is presented. The emulator consists of six interconnected tanks (representing the auricles, ventricles, the body and lungs), four valves (representing the mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary valves) and two pumps for transportation of the liquid (representing blood) from body towards the heart and from heart towards the lungs. Finally, a microcontroller-based electronic system is implemented to synchronize the driving pumps and the valves. The main contribution of this development is the manufacture of demonstration equipment and the possibility for multi-purpose applications in different areas such as exhibitions for children, explanation of heart functioning and diseases, training of medical assistants and students, mechatronics training, control engineering practice and so on. Keywords: Circulatory system, electrocardiogram, heart valves

An entropy test for single-locus genetic association analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The etiology of complex diseases is due to the combination of genetic and environmental factors, usually many of them, and each with a small effect. The identification of these small-effect contributing factors is still a demanding task. Clearly, there is a need for more powerful tests of genetic association, and especially for the identification of rare effects</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We introduce a new genetic association test based on symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy. Using a freely available software, we have applied this entropy test, and a conventional test, to simulated and real datasets, to illustrate the method and estimate type I error and power. We have also compared this new entropy test to the Fisher exact test for assessment of association with low-frequency SNPs. The entropy test is generally more powerful than the conventional test, and can be significantly more powerful when the genotypic test is applied to low allele-frequency markers. We have also shown that both the Fisher and Entropy methods are optimal to test for association with low-frequency SNPs (MAF around 1-5%), and both are conservative for very rare SNPs (MAF<1%)</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have developed a new, simple, consistent and powerful test to detect genetic association of biallelic/SNP markers in case-control data, by using symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy as a measure of gene dependence. We also provide a standard asymptotic distribution of this test statistic. Given that the test is based on entropy measures, it avoids smoothed nonparametric estimation. The entropy test is generally as good or even more powerful than the conventional and Fisher tests. Furthermore, the entropy test is more computationally efficient than the Fisher's Exact test, especially for large number of markers. Therefore, this entropy-based test has the advantage of being optimal for most SNPs, regardless of their allele frequency (Minor Allele Frequency (MAF) between 1-50%). This property is quite beneficial, since many researchers tend to discard low allele-frequency SNPs from their analysis. Now they can apply the same statistical test of association to all SNPs in a single analysis., which can be especially helpful to detect rare effects.</p

Genetic Structure of the Spanish Population

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Genetic admixture is a common caveat for genetic association analysis. Therefore, it is important to characterize the genetic structure of the population under study to control for this kind of potential bias.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study we have sampled over 800 unrelated individuals from the population of Spain, and have genotyped them with a genome-wide coverage. We have carried out linkage disequilibrium, haplotype, population structure and copy-number variation (CNV) analyses, and have compared these estimates of the Spanish population with existing data from similar efforts.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In general, the Spanish population is similar to the Western and Northern Europeans, but has a more diverse haplotypic structure. Moreover, the Spanish population is also largely homogeneous within itself, although patterns of micro-structure may be able to predict locations of origin from distant regions. Finally, we also present the first characterization of a CNV map of the Spanish population. These results and original data are made available to the scientific community.</p