Carbon and nitrogen in aggregates of an Oxisol submitted to different use and management systems

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as mudanças ocorridas nas formas de carbono (C) e nitrogênio (N), em agregados de um Latossolo Vermelho de textura média, submetido a diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo do solo, em Capinópolis, MG. As amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm. Os tratamentos foram: plantio direto por quatro anos, sucessões milho (silagem)/soja (PDs); plantio direto por quatro anos, sucessões milho/milho/milho/soja (PDg); plantio direto com tifton (feno) por três anos e soja no último ano (PDtf); sistema de cultivo convencional (SC) por 30 anos, com soja nos últimos quatro anos; e mata nativa (MN). Foram estudadas três classes de agregados (4-2; 2-0,25 e 0,25-0,105 mm), nas quais foram extraídas frações húmicas (ácidos fúlvicos, ácidos húmicos e huminas). Os maiores teores de substâncias húmicas estavam associados aos agregados maiores. Houve redução nos teores de C e N com a diminuição no tamanho dos agregados. A matéria orgânica menos humificada estava associada com os agregados menores. Os sistemas de uso e manejo propiciam mudanças nos teores de C e N, nas diferentes classes de tamanho dos agregados, e o cultivo do solo reduz os teores de C e N das frações húmicas.The objective of this work was to evaluate the changes occured in the forms of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), in aggregates of an Oxisol with loam texture, submitted to different uses and managements, in Capinópolis, MG, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in the different layers 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm. The treatments were: no-tillage, during four years, succession corn (ensilage)/soybean (PDs); no-tillage during four years, succession corn/corn/corn/soybean (PDg); no-tillage with tifton (hay) for tree years and soybean in the last year (PDtf); conventional tillage system for 30 years with crop system (corn/soybean), being soybean in the last four years (SC); and native forest (MN). Three aggregate classes (4-2; 2-0.25 e 0.25-0.105 mm) were studied, from which humic fractions were extracted (fulvic acids, humic acids and humins). The largest contents of humic substances were associated with the larger aggregates. There was decrease of C and N contents with decrease in the size of aggregates classes. The less recalcitrant organic matter was associated with the smaller aggregates. The use and management systems cause changes in the C and N contents in the different classes of aggregate sizes, and the soil cultivation reduces the C and N contents of the humic fractions

Preemptive analgesia-related gene and protein expression in third molar surgeries under non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug protocols : A PROSPERO-registered systematic review of clinical studies

This study aimed to review translational studies focusing on third molar removal surgeries through a systematic analytical approach. A PROSPERO-registered systematic review (CRD42017060455) was conducted following the PRISMA statement to summarize current knowledge on gene expression in third molar surgeries. A search was performed in PubMed?s Medline and Scopus databases, without date or language restrictions, using the logical expression {[(Third molar) OR (preemptive) OR (cyclooxygenase inhibitors) OR (acute inflammation) AND (gene expression)]}. All studies included in the analysis evaluated gene expression in a third molar extraction model, using the preemptive analgesia methodology in seven investigations. The sample analyzed was obtained from gingival tissue biopsy (n=4), blood (n=1), transudate (n=1) and gingival tissue biopsy/transudate (n=1). There were differences with respect to evaluated genes, drug protocol, sample studied, and method for evaluating gene expression. Third molar surgeries were found to be associated with different COX-related gene expression patterns. Although inflammatory events following the surgical procedure are associated with COX isoforms, data from preemptive analgesia studies are scarce, especially from studies correlating gene expression and clinical parameters. In the future, from a clinical perspective, identifying the molecular targets of a drug based on individual gene expression may be helpful to delineate specific third molar, surgery-related, preemptive analgesia protocols

RT-qPCR study of COX-1 and -2 genes in oral surgical model comparing single-dose preemptive ibuprofen and etoricoxib : a randomized clinical trialy

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression of cyclooxygenases (COXs) in an oral model of preemptive analgesia. Material and Methods: Gingival tissue was collected during extraction of lower third molars from a randomized, triple-blind, split-mouth and placebo-controlled study. The eligible patients were randomly sorted to receive a single dose either of ibuprofen 400mg, or etoricoxib 120 mg or a placebo, one hour prior to surgery. The temporal course of RNAm was evaluated for COX-1 and -2 by means of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction in real time (RT-qPCR) at time zero and 30 minutes after the surgical procedure began, and it was correlated with clinical parameters (pain and maximum mouth opening). Results: There was a significant increase in COX-1 expression between T0 and T30 in ibuprofen (p=0.004) and eto-ricoxib (p=0.010) groups. As regards COX-2, there were increases from T0 to T30 in all groups (placebo, p=0.012; ibuprofen, p<0.001; etoricoxib, p<0.001). All groups showed a significant decrease in COX-2:COX-1 ratio from T0 to T30 (placebo, p=0.013; ibuprofen, p<0.001; etoricoxib, p=0.047). Experimental groups showed a significant correlation between COX-1 and COX-2 levels and clinical pain parameters. Conclusions: The present preemptive analgesia study concludes that COX-2 RNAm induction was directly linked to third molar-related tissue inflammation and that the relation between COX-1 and COX-2 levels were inversely proportional to the preemptively administered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs COX-2 selectivity

Alterações cognitivas na infecção pelo HIV: uma revisão sistemática: Cognitive changes in HIV infection: a systematic review

Provocada pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana, com a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, numa pessoa tem o seu sistema imunológico prejudicado, tornando-se suscetível a outras doenças e infecção. Tem-se a estimativa de que 50% dos infectados com o referido vírus podem sofrer alterações cognitivas. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre mudanças estruturais cerebrais e comprometimento cognitivo em pacientes com HIV. Portanto, trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, desenvolvida a partir da seleção de estudos nas bases de dados Scielo, Pubmed e BVS/Medline a partir do uso de descritores DeCS/MeSH e aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Após a análise e interpretação dos dados, concluiu-se que há uma significativa prevalência de HAND em adultos infectados por HIV, no que se refere a alterações cognitivas, especialmente entre pacientes do sexo feminino, de baixa escolaridade e renda, com diagnóstico tardio e baixa quantidade de linfócitos CD4 no início do tratamento. Entre essas pessoas, revelam-se comprometimentos quanto à memória, atenção, controle de impulsos, velocidade de processamento e motora, dentre outros

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas&nbsp;Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável&nbsp;os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3&nbsp;e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Carbon e nitrogen in organic matter fractions of soil samples and aggregates of an Oxisol submitted to diferent uses and management practices

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as mudanças nas formas de carbono e nitrogênio em agregados e compartimentos orgânicos de um Latossolo Vermelho de textura média, submetido a diferentes usos e manejos em Capinópolis - MG. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em diferentes camadas (0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm). Os tratamentos avaliados foram os seguintes: PDs - plantio direto (PD) por 4 anos com sucessão milho (silagem)/soja; PDg - PD por 4 anos com a sucessão milho/milho/milho/soja; PDtf - PD com 3 anos seguidos com tifton (feno) e soja no último ano; SC - cerca de 30 anos com sistema de cultivo convencional (milho/soja), sendo apenas soja nos últimos 4 anos; e MN - mata nativa. Foram selecionadas três classes de agregados por via úmida (4,00-2,00; 2,00-0,25 e 0,25-0,105 mm de diâmetro ø ) nas quais foram extraídas frações húmicas (ácidos fúlvicos; ácidos húmicos e huminas), com posterior determinação dos teores de carbono (C) e nitrogênio (N). Nas amostras de solo seco ao ar (< 2,00 mm de ø ) realizou-se fracionamento físico da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) em fração leve livre (FL-livre), fração leve oclusa (FL-oclusa) e fração pesada (areia, silte e argila) (FP). A identificação dos grupos funcionais das FL-livre e FL-olcusa foi realizada por meio da técnica de espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (IV-TF). Os resultados indicaram tendência de os maiores teores de substâncias húmicas (ácidos fúlvicos, ácidos húmicos e huminas) estarem associados aos agregados maiores (4,00-2,00 mm de Ø ). O cultivo do solo reduziu os teores de C e N para todas frações húmicas. O teores de C e N da fração leve (FL) nas áreas sob sistema plantio direto (PD) não superaram aqueles da área com revolvimento do solo. A gramínea tifton foi eficiente em aumentar os teores de C da fração leve em profundidade. A FP contribui com 75-98% do C total (FP + FL) e 94-99% do N total (FP + FL), sinalizando que a maior parte do C e N do solo está associada à fração mineral, sendo essa fundamental para a manutenção dos estoques dos mesmos. A FL mostrou-se sensível ao cultivo do solo, podendo ser considerada indicadora da degradação do mesmo. Não foram observadas alterações na estrutura química da fração leve livre sob os diferentes usos e manejos do solo. A fração leve oclusa apresentou-se mais recalcitrante e condensada que a fração leve livre.This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the forms of carbon and nitrogen in aggregates and organic compartments of an Oxisol with loam texture, submitted to different uses and managements in Capinópolis - MG. Soil samples were collected from different layers (0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm). The evaluated treatments were the following: PDs - no tillage by four years with the succession corn(ensilage)/soybean; PDg - no tillage by four years under the succession corn/corn/corn/soybean; PDtf - no tillage with three years followed by tifton (hay) and soybean in the last year; SC - about of 30 years with convectional crop system (corn/soybean), being soybean in the last four years; and MN - native forest. Three aggregate classes were selected through wet way (4,00-2,00; 2,00-0,25 e 0,25-0,105 mm of diameter) in which humic fractions were extracted (fulvic acids, humic acids and humins). The component of levels carbon and nitrogen (N) were measured. In air-dried soils samples (< 2,00 mm) it was made physical fractionation of the soil organic matter (MOS) in light free fraction (FL-free), light closed fraction (FL-ocluse) and heavy fraction (sand, silt and clay)(FP). Infra xred spectroscopy was used to measure the functional group of FL-free and FL-ocluse. The results indicated that highest levels of humic substances (fulvic acids, humic acids and huminas) were associated to the largest aggregates (4,00-2,00 mm). The soil cultivation reduced the C and N content of the all humic fractions. The C and N content of the light fraction in areas under no till (PD) didn-t overcome those from the area under conventional soil management. The grass tifton was effective in increasing the C content of the light fraction with the depht. The FP contributed to 75-98% of the total C (FP+FL) and 94-99% of the total N (FP+FL), showing that the soil largest part of the C and N is associated to the mineral fraction, which is important to maintenance of stocks. The FL was shown to be sensitive to the soil cultivation changes, and it can be considered indicatory of the soil degradation. Change in the chemical structure of the light free fraction under different uses and management weren't observed. The light ocluse fraction was shown to be more recalcitrant and more condensed than the light free fractionConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic