ISOLASI AGAROSA DARI AGAR DAN PENGGUNAANNYA SEBAGAI FASE DIAM METODE ELEKTROFORESIS GEL UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI DNA HPV (Human papillomavirus)

Agarosa telah diisolasi dari agar Gracilaria gigas. Agarosa hasil isolasi diperoleh dari agar dengan melarutkan agar dalam etilen glikol dengan konsentrasi 1 %, 2 % dan 3 % b/v larutan agar dengan pengadukan pada suhu 105 °C dan isopropanol ditambahkan untuk mengendapkan agarosa murni dan endapan agarosa murni dipisahkan dan dikeringan(agarosa A, B dan C). Kandungan sulfat, elektroendosmosis (EEO), dan kekuatan gel (1,5 %) dari agarosa A, B dan C secara berurutan adalah 0,13 %, 0,18, dan 1594 g/cm²; 0,16 %, 0,29, 1406 g/cm²; 0,22 %,0,36, 1219 g/cm². Pada penelitian ini, agarosa hasil isolasi digunakan untuk identifikasi DNA HPV menggunakan elektroforesis gel, dan kemudian dibandingkan dengan produk agarosa Thermo Scientific (TopVision®). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola pita yang sama dengan agarosa TopVision® dan menunjukkan bahwa agarosa hasil isolasi dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi DNA HPV. Kata Kunci: Agar, Agarosa, Elektroforesis Gel, DNA HP

Determination of Dexamethasone in Unregistered Herbal Weight Gain Using HPTLC-Densitometry

A method was described for the simultaneous determination of dexamethasone in herbal weight gain. Three unregistered herbal weight gains (sample A, B, and C) were analyzed by using HPTLC-densitometry method. Samples were extracted as bases into methanol, separated by HPTLC silica gel 60 F254plate using chloroform: methanol (9:1) as mobile phase followed by densitometry measurement of its spot. The result showed that the detector response was linear for concentrations between 100-500 mg/mL (r =0.998). The limits of detection and quantitation were 9.19 mg/mL and 30.64 mg/mL, respectively. Dexamethasone contents from samples were analyzed. The result showed that two samples (sample A and B) were positively containing dexamethasone and the other one showed a negative result. The average contents of dexamethasone from both samples were 0.23% and 0.25%, respectively

RASIO SEKS JERNANG (Daemonorops draco (Willd.)Blume) PADA POPULASI ALAMI DAN BUDIDAYA: IMPLIKASI UNTUK PRODUKSI BIJI

Jernang (Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume) is a dioecious rattan species that produces resin on female individuals. The sex of jernang can only be identified from its inflorescences morphology. Sex survey was conducted in 5 populations of jernang, 3 populations of which in the Bukit Tigapuluh National Park (BTNP), 1 population in the secondary forest in Jambi province and 1 population in the area of rubber plantation in Jambi province. Chi-Squared test on the sex ratio of  jernang showed  that the ratio of the male to female in their natural habitat (Bengayoan and Tebo, 2 parts of the BTNP ecosystem and the Sepintun secondary forest) was distorted from the normal ratio of 1:1, while the cultivated jernang in Nunusan population (BTNPT) and Mandiangin were not significantly different from the normal sex ratio of 1:1. Female individuals from the cultivated population in the Mandiangin (planted in 1997) has an average number of stems per clump more on individual males (27.12) than females (26.92). The result of this study indicated that the D. draco has a good reproductive strategy and thus suitable for cultivation

Computational Predictive and Electrochemical Detection of Metabolites (CP-EDM) of Piperine

In this article we introduce a proof of concept strategy: Computational Predictive and Electrochemical Detection of Metabolites (CP-EDM) to expedite the discovery of drug metabolites. The use of a bioactive natural product, piperine, that has a well curated metabolite profile but has an unpredictable computational metabolism (Biotransformer v3.0) was selected. We developed an electrochemical reaction to oxidise piperine into a range of metabolites, which were detected by LC-MS. In turn, a series of chemically plausible metabolites were predicted based on ion-fragmentation patterns. These metabolites were docked into the active site of CYP3A4 using Autodock4.2 From the clustered low-energy profile of piperine in the active site it can be inferred that the most likely metabolic position of piperine (based on intermolecular distances to the Fe-oxo active site) is the benzo[d][1,3]dioxole motif. The metabolic profile was confirmed by literature comparison and the electrochemical reaction delivered plausible metabolites vide infra. Thus, demonstrating the power of the hyphenated technique of tandem electrochemical detection and computational evaluation of binding poses. Taken together, we outline a novel approach where diverse data sources are combined to predict and confirm a metabolic outcome for a bioactive structure

Computational Predictive and Electrochemical Detection of Metabolites (CP-EDM) of Piperine

In this article, we introduce a proof-of-concept strategy, Computational Predictive and Electrochemical Detection of Metabolites (CP-EDM), to expedite the discovery of drug metabolites. The use of a bioactive natural product, piperine, that has a well-curated metabolite profile but an unpredictable computational metabolism (Biotransformer v3.0) was selected. We developed an electrochemical reaction to oxidize piperine into a range of metabolites, which were detected by LC-MS. A series of chemically plausible metabolites were predicted based on ion fragmentation patterns. These metabolites were docked into the active site of CYP3A4 using Autodock4.2. From the clustered low-energy profile of piperine in the active site, it can be inferred that the most likely metabolic position of piperine (based on intermolecular distances to the Fe-oxo active site) is the benzo[d][1,3]dioxole motif. The metabolic profile was confirmed by comparison with the literature, and the electrochemical reaction delivered plausible metabolites, vide infra, thus, demonstrating the power of the hyphenated technique of tandem electrochemical detection and computational evaluation of binding poses. Taken together, we outline a novel approach where diverse data sources are combined to predict and confirm a metabolic outcome for a bioactive structure

ANALISIS SENYAWA BERBAHAYA PARFUM ISI ULANG YANG DIJUAL DI KOTA PADANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE KROMATROGRAFI GAS-SPEKTROMETRI MASSA

Perfume is widely used by most of people in this world. The increasing demand of perfume has caused many producers cheating by adding dangerous compounds and also unregistered by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control Indonesia. The aim of this study is to analyze the dangerous compounds in unregistered perfumes sold in Pasar Raya Padang City by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. In this Study, samples (A, B, C, D and E) were collected and the value of specific weight and refractive index of the samples were analyzed. The results showed that five samples contained relatively similar chemical compounds. Twelve compounds were detected and seven of them were harmful to health in refill perfumes which were dipropylene glycol, linalool, lily aldehyde, benzenepentanol, dimethylbenzyl carbinyl acetate, dihydro methyl jasmonate, alpha hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, based on Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Regular monitoring of chemicals used in the manufacture of perfumes which may cause health risks to users should be controlled by National Agency of Drug and Food Control Indonesia

Perbandingan Akrilamidakopi Bubuk Tradisional Dan Luwak Dengan Metode HPLC

Akrilamida merupakan senyawa kimia terdapat pada kopi yang disangrai pada suhu diatas 120 ˚C, berpotensi menyebabkan kanker pada manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan kandungan akrilamida dalam kopi bubuk tradisional dan kopi  luwak dengan metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi.  Fase gerak yang digunakan asetonitril: aquabidest (15: 85, v/v), dengan detektor Photodioday-Array (PDA) pada ℷ   200 nm. Akrilamida dalam sampel kopi bubuk teridentifikasi pada waktu retensi (tR) ± 6,8 menit. Metode ini terbukti valid dengan linearitas y = 356468 + 293761 x, koefisien korelasi (r) = 0,9993, batas deteksi 1,9901 µg/mL dan batas kuantitasi 6,6337 µg/mL, presisi dengan % SBR = 0,207 %, akurasi dengan % perolehan kembali kopi bubuk tradisional dan kopi bubuk luwak 99 % dan 104 %. Kadar akrilamida dalam sampel kopi bubuk 1 sampai 6 berturut-turut adalah 1115 ± 12,17 µg/g sampel (1), 687 ± 7,58  µg/g sampel (2), 1461 ± 63,89 µg/g sampel (3), 221 ± 3,54 µg/g sampel (4), 128 ± 3,24 µg/g sampel (5), 195 ± 1 µg/g sampel (6). Dari keenam sampel kopi bubuk menunjukkan bahwa kadar akrilamida masing-masing sampel berkisar antara 128 sampai 1461 µg/g. Kadar yang diperoleh melebihi batas aman konsumsi akrilamida yang dikeluarkan oleh WHOAcrylamide is a chemical compound found in roasted coffee at temperatures above 120 ˚C which can potentially cause cancer in humans. The purpose of this research was to analyze acrylamide contents in traditional ground coffee and civet ground coffee by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. This analysis was carried out by isocratic elution system, the mobile phase of acetonitrile : aquabidest (15 : 85, v/v), using the stationary phase of the Shimadzu Shimpack ODS C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm), flow rate of 0.5 mL/minute, injection volume 20 µL, with a Photodioday-Array (PDA) detector at a wavelength of 200 nm. Acrylamide in ground coffee samples was identified at retention time (tR) ± 6.8 minutes. This method is proved valid with the linearity y = 356468 + 293761 x, correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9993, limit of detection 1.9901 µg / mL and limit of quantitation 6.6337 µg / mL, precision with % RSD = 0.207 %, acuracy with % recovery of traditional ground coffee and luwak ground coffee 99 % and 104 %. Acrylamide levels in 1 to 6 ground coffee samples in a row is 1115 ± 12.17 µg / g samples (1), 687 ± 7.58 µg / g samples (2), 1461 ± 63.89 µg / g samples (3), 221 ± 3.54 µg / g sample (4), 128 ± 3.24 µg / g sample (5), 195 ± 1 µg / g sample (6). Of the six ground coffee samples showed that the acrylamide levels of each sample ranged from 128 to 1461 µg / g. The levels obtained exceed the safe limits of acrylamide consumption released by WH

Studi Fisikokimia Betasianin dalam Kulit Buah Naga dan Aplikasinya sebagai Pewarna Merah Alami Sediaan Farmasi: Physicochemical Study Of Betacyanin From Dragon Fruit Rind And Its Application AS Natural Dye For Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

The rind of dragon fruit (Hylocereus lemairel (Hook.) Britton & Rose) is a waste material that has not been optimally utilized. The rind contains betacyanin pigment that has many benefits in pharmaceutical products. The study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties, to evaluate the stability and to apply betacyanin in dragon fruit rind as a natural dye. The extraction process was done by using water as solvent which was sonicated at 50 kHz for 30 minutes at 25 °C. Extract was freeze dried for 48 hours. The dried extract was purified by using preparative TLC and physicochemically analyzed by using UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometer. The stability of betacyanin extract against pH and temperature was examined and applied as a dye in tablet imprinting. The result of this study indicated that betacyanin was found at Rf value of 0.6 same as the betacyanin standard. The maximum wavelength of betacyanin was obtained at 534 nm and the IR spectra showed similarity with betacyanin standard with the same functional groups between 4000-600 cm-1 although there was a slight shift in the wavenumber but it still in the range. The stability study were stable at temperature below 40 °C and at range pH 4-6. Betacyanin applications as natural dye of tablet have been successfully carried out with good color stability during 3 months of storage at room temperature

ETNOBOTANI ROTAN JERNANG (Calamus spp.) PADA MASYARAKAT SAROLANGUN, JAMBI

Jernang rattan (Calamus spp.) is an essential source of income for the people of Seko Besar and Taman Bandung Villages, who live near natural forests in Sarolangun Regency, Jambi. The skin of jernang fruit contains red resin, which has high economic value as a raw material for medicines and natural dyes. This study aimed to explore the biodiversity of the species of jernang in these regions, examine the differences of each species, uses, traditional processing of jernang resin, conservation efforts, use and cultural values. The method used was direct interviews based on specific criteria (snowball sampling) to 40 respondents, participatory observation, and documentation. Use values were calculated using Use Value (UV), and cultural values were calculated using the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). The research result showed four species of jernang in Seko Besar and Taman Bandung Villages, namely Calamus draco Willd. (jernang rambai), C. micracanthus Griff. (jernang kelamuai), C. maculatus (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker (jernang bengkarung), and C. didymophyllus (Becc.) Ridl. (jernang burung). The jernang was traditionally used as medicine for several diseases and handicrafts. The community carried out conservation and cultivation by planting jernang in rubber gardens around the house yard and harvesting the fruit without damaging the parent plants. The highest UV value was 1 in C. draco and C. micracanthus and the lowest was 0.85 in C. maculatus. The ICS value of C. draco and C. micracanthus were 18 while, C. didymophyllus and C. maculatus were 2.5.Rotan jernang (Calamus spp.) merupakan salah satu sumber penghasilan yang penting bagi masyarakat Desa Seko Besar dan Taman Bandung yang bermukim di dekat hutan alam di Kabupaten Sarolangun, Jambi. Kulit buah jernang mengandung resin merah yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi karena bermanfaat sebagai bahan baku obat dan pewarna alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi jenis-jenis jernang di daerah tersebut, mengkaji perbedaan dari setiap jenis, mengetahui pemanfaatan, cara pengolahan resin jernang secara tradisional, upaya pelestarian dan mengetahui nilai guna dan nilai budaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara langsung berdasarkan kriteria tertentu (snowball sampling) terhadap 40 responden, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi. Nilai guna dihitung dengan menggunakan Use Value (UV) dan nilai nilai budaya dihitung dengan menggunakan Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan empat jenis-jenis jernang di Desa Seko Besar dan Taman Bandung yaitu Calamus draco Willd. (jernang rambai), C. micracanthus Griff. (jernang kelamuai), C. maculatus (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker (jernang bengkarung), dan C. didymophyllus (Becc.) Ridl. (jernang burung). Pemanfaatan jernang secara tradisional oleh masyarakat yaitu sebagai obat untuk menyembuhkan beberapa penyakit dan bahan kerajinan tangan. Upaya pelestarian dan budidaya yang oleh masyarakat yaitu dengan menanam jernang pada kebun karet di sekitar pekarangan rumah dan pemanenan buah yang tidak merusak tanaman induknya. Nilai UV tertinggi terdapat pada jenis C. draco dan C. micracanthus yaitu 1,00 dan terendah C. maculatus yaitu 0,85. Nilai ICS rotan jernang C. draco dan C. micracanthus yaitu 18, sedangkan C. didymophyllus dan C. maculatus yaitu 2,5