К 75-летию профессора О. П. Чудакова

стоматологипреподавателиИСТОРИЯ МЕДИЦИНЫврач

Videomaterial från kvalitativa studier - ett kommunikationsstöd inom multidisciplinära användarcentrerade mjukvaruprojekt

För att lyckas med IT projekt är det av stor vikt att kommunikationen inom den multidisciplinära projektgruppen är väl fungerande. Inte bara för att man ska kunna behålla en gemensam målbild inom gruppen, utan även för att man ska förstå de olika disciplinernas problem och arbetsmetoder.   Den här rapporten behandlar två olika aspekter kring användningen av videomaterial från kvalitativa användarcentrerade användbarhetsmetoder som ett kommunikationsverktyg inom en projektgrupp. En av aspekterna är hur videomaterialet kan användas för att förmedla det användarcentrerade designkonceptet. Den andra aspekten behandlar hur videomaterialet kan presenteras samt användas för att understödja tagna designbeslut angående systemet och dess gränssnittsdesign. Rapporten presenterar två typer av media som kan användas för att förmedla de två ovannämnda aspekterna genom att kombinera material från de kvalitativa studierna, videomaterial och kravspecifikationer. De problemfrågeställningar och överväganden som bör beaktas behandlas även i rapporten.   En empirisk studie har utförts i form av en jämförelse av två mjukvaror ur ett användbarhetsperspektiv. Studien inkluderade att tillämpa användbarhetsmetoder för att skapa realistiska och typiska arbetsuppgifter till användbarhetstesterna. Videomaterial från de kvalitativa studierna användes sedan under presentationen av resultatet från jämförelsestudien för att ge substans åt resultatet samt förmedla det användarcentrerade designkonceptet. Resultatet av presentationen och det frågeformulär som skickades ut i samband med presentationen visar på att videomaterialet gav understöd och stärkte validiteten för resultaten i samband med jämförelsestudien. Det visar även på att det bidrog till en disskusion kring användbarhet inom projektgruppen samt att det i ett par fall förmedlade och introducerade de användarcentrerade arbetsmetoderna

Fibre orientation distribution function mapping for short fibre polymer composite components from low resolution/large volume X-ray computed tomography

Short glass fibre injection moulded composites, used in interior and exterior automotive parts, are exposed to complex stress states, for example during a crash. As the fibre scale dominates the composite’s material properties, numerical models need to account for the local fibre orientation. In recent years, mould flow simulation results have been exploited to predict the fibre orientations for finite element models, albeit with limited accuracy. Alternatively, X-ray computed tomography can be used to directly image and analyse fibre orientations. Traditionally, achieving the necessary resolution to image individual fibres restricts the imaging to small regions of the component. However, this study takes advantage of recent advancements in imaging and image analysis to overcome this limitation. As a result, it introduces, for the first time, a reliable, fast, and automated fibre orientation mapping for a full component based on image analysis on a single fibre level; even for cases where the pixel size is significantly larger than the fibre diameter. By scanning at lower resolutions, a drastically larger volume of interest can be achieve. The resulting fibre orientation analysis and mapping algorithm, based on X-ray computed tomography, is well matched to the level of information required for automotive crash modelling with a standard element-size of a few millimetres. The entire process, encompassing image acquisition, image analysis and fibre orientation mapping, can be directly integrated in an industrial full component application in a matter of hours

Party media agenda-setting: how parties influence election news coverage

Political parties have substantial influence on which issues the news media cover during election campaigns, while the media have limited influence on party agendas. However, we know little about why some parties are more successful than others in passing the media’s gates and being covered on sponsored issues. On the basis of content analyses of election news coverage (812 news stories) and press releases published by political parties (N = 334) during the 2007 national election campaign in Denmark, we analyse which parties were successful in appearing in the news on issues on which they published press releases. Using Sartori’s notion of relevant parties, we conclude that the more relevant parties have more success, that there is a positive spillover effect from other parties’ press releases, but also a negative interaction effect between a party’s own and other parties’ press releases. The results are discussed with respect to their generalizability and arising challenges for future research

Bionomics and distribution of the stag beetle, Lucanus cervus (L.) across Europe

1. The European stag beetle, Lucanus cervus, is thought to be widely distributed across its range, but a detailed description of its occurrence is lacking. 2. Researchers in 41 countries were contacted and information sought on various life history characteristics of the insect. Data on adult body size were collected from seven countries. 3. Habitat associations differ between the United Kingdom and mainland Europe. Larvae are most commonly associated with oak, but the duration of the larval stage and the number of instars varies by up to 100% across Europe. 4. Adult size also varies; beetles from Spain, Germany, and the Netherlands are larger than those from Belgium or the UK. In the former countries, populations are composed mainly of large individuals, while in the UK, the majority of individuals are relatively small. Allometric relations between mandible size and total body length differ in Germany compared with the rest of Europe. 5. Distribution maps of the insect, split into records pre- and post-1970, from 24 countries are presented. While these inevitably suffer from recorder bias, they indicate that in only two countries, Croatia and Slovakia, does the insect seem to be increasing in range. 6. Our data suggest that the insect may be in decline across Europe, most likely due to habitat loss, and that conservation plans need to be produced that focus on the biology of the insect in the local area