Heterozygous Cc2d1a mice show sex-dependent changes in the Beclin-1/p62 ratio with impaired prefrontal cortex and hippocampal autophagy

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by repetitive behaviors, lack of social interaction and communication. CC2D1A is identified in patients as an autism risk gene. Recently, we suggested that heterozygous Cc2d1a mice exhibit impaired autophagy in the hippocampus. We now report the analysis of autophagy markers (Lc3, Beclin and p62) in different regions hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum, with an overall decrease in autophagy and changes in Beclin-1/p62 ratio in the hippocampus. We observed sex-dependent variations in transcripts and protein expression levels. Moreover, our analyses suggest that alterations in autophagy initiated in Cc2d1a heterozygous parents are variably transmitted to offspring, even when the offspring's genotype is wild type. Aberration in the autophagy mechanism may indirectly contribute to induce synapse alteration in the ASD brain

Correlation of prognosis and cost-effectiveness of computed tomography for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with return of spontaneous circulation in the Emergency Department

Objective: To assess the prevalence of computed tomography application in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases during emergency department processes, its contribution to changes in patient management, and effects on hospital discharge, and its cost-effectiveness. Method: The retrospective study was conducted at the Izmir Bakircay University Cigli Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey, and comprised data of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who were brought to the emergency department and survived for at least 24 hours between June 21, 2016, and December 31, 2018. Demographic variables and computed tomography results were collected and analysed. Abnormalities found in computed tomography results that could have changed patient management, discharge results, and the cost of the computed tomography were recorded. Results: Of the 109 patients, 65(59.6%) were men with a mean age of 62.1± 14.2 years (range: 28-95 years), and the mean age of the 44(40.3%) female patients was 69.2 ± 15.8 years (range: 18-96 years). Overall, 74(67.9%) patients underwent computed tomography in the emergency department after resuscitation. Acute abnormalities were found in 4(3.6%) scans, and 3(2.7%) abnormal scans resulted in management changes. Conclusion: Computed tomography of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in the emergency department should not be a matter of routine, and the scan, if necessary, should be done post-admission. Key Words: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, Return of spontaneous circulation, Computed tomography, Emergency medicine. Continue..

IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF LINEZOLID AGAINST MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATES BY BACTEC MGIT 960 METHOD

WOS: 000265293000006Objective: The aim of our study was to determine susceptibility of linezolid to multi-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Material and Method: Seventy two multi drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were studied under the activity of 1 mu g/ml of linezolid by the BACTEC MGIT 960 susceptibility method. Results: Seventy two multi drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis species were determined to be susceptible to linezolid. Conclusion: Linezolid was found to be effective to multi-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro

Re: Outcomes of Patients with Cardiac Arrest and Effect of Blood Glucose Concentration Reply

WOS: 00043177520000

Ion-sensing properties of thiophene-based oxazol-5-ones

Seven fluorescent thiophene-based oxazol-5-one derivatives were prepared via Erlenmeyer reaction of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde and 3-thiophenecarboxaldehyde with different aryl glycine intermediates. Their absorption and emission properties were investigated in solution environment and in the solid film matrix of polyvinylchloride. Moreover, the fluorescence sensing abilities to iron (III), cobalt (II), nickel (II), zinc (II) and copper (II) ions were examined in polyvinylchloride matrix. Thiophene-based oxazol-5-one derivatives revealed high sensitivity and selectivity toward iron (III). A good linearity with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 was observed in the concentration range of 1.0 x 10(-7) to 1.0 x 10(-3) M iron (III) for 2-phenyl-4-(2-thienylmethylene)oxazol-5-one, 2-(3-thienyl)-4-(2-thienylmethylene)oxazol-5-one and 2-(3-thienyl)-4-(3-thienylmethylene)oxazol-5-one

Investigation of Regulatory T Cells and Secreted Immunomodulatory Cytokine IL-10 Levels in Patients with Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B infection is still among the most important public health problems worldwide, even great improvements have been made in the treatment strategies. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replicates itself by entering the liver cells and simultaneously with the antigen release, many antagonistic immune responses are induced by the regulatory cells including T cell (Treg), T helper 17 (Th-17), T helper 1 (Th-1) and T helper 2 (Th-2) cells. The main function of Treg cells is to develop an appropriate immune response against infection and to suppress the immune response if it is not required. Tregs suppress the effector T cells via secreting immune system supressor cytokines such as Transforming Growth Factor-Beta and interleukin (IL)-10 or contact dependent way. Tregs protect cells from immunopathologic damage of HBV specific T cell immune response and also cause viral persistence, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carsinoma (HCC) and autoimmunity but the mechanisms are not clear, yet. In this study, we aimed to determine whether evaluation of Treg cells and cytokine IL-10 levels together in hepatitis B patients is useful that may indicate the disease survey and response to the treatment. The peripheral blood samples of ninety-one volunteers, including 61 HBV infected patients and 30 healthy controls selected from applicants of Infectious Diseases Outpatient/Clinic Service, were taken. Their CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+)CD152(+)CD127(low) Treg cell distribution were measured by flow cytometry method, using the recently defined markers. The level of IL-10 cytokine released by immunomodulatory cells was determined by quantitative ELISA method. Treg cell percentages of the patients with acute hepatitis B were below the normal range (2-4%) (median=1.50%, 0.6-3.5) and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.005). Treg cell percentages of the patients with chronic hepatitis B were higher than the control group (p<0.05), and it was found to be related to the parameters used in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of the disease. IL-10 levels were significantly higher in all hepatitis B clinical stages compared to the healthy controls (median=11.7, 17.3-44.9) (p<0.05). Also, in parallel with Treg cells, IL-10 levels were correlated with HBV DNA load and HBsAg levels (r=0.48, p<0.02). Treg cells and the related cytokine IL-10 are thought to play an important role in the immunology of HBV infection and therefore, promising to follow up the disease and to develop new therapeutic strategies targeting the Treg cell

Evaluation of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype Results in Izmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital

Objectives: The aim was to support both the clinical treatment and management and also to contribute to the epidemiological understanding of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype in our region

A case of Acremonium strictum peritonitis

During the past two decades opportunistic fungal infections have emerged as important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with severe underlying illnesses. A few cases of Acremonium spp. infections have been described in immunocompromised patients, but they have on occasion been reported as the cause invasive disease in immunocompetent individuals. Peritonitis is a common clinical problem that occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease treated by continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Yeasts, or rarely molds, may also cause peritonitis in patients on CAPD and we present here a case caused by Acremonium strictum

EVALUATION OF A RAPID TREHALASE TEST FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF CANDIDA GLABRATA

Candida species which cause local infections, may also lead to fatal systemic infections. The increasing incidence of non-albicans Candida, especially fluconazole susceptible or resistant dose-dependent C.glabrata, increased the importance of rapid and accurate species level identification for Candida. Rapid and correct identification of C.glabrata is essential for the initiation of the appropriate antifungal therapy. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the rapid trehalase test in the diagnosis of C.glabrata isolates. A total of 173 Candida strains isolated from various clinical specimens and identified according to germ tube test, growth on cornmeal Tween 80 agar and the colony morphologies on Mast-CHROMagar Candida medium (Mast Diagnostics, UK), were included to the study. The identification of non-albicans Candida species were also confirmed by API 20CAUX (BioMerieux, France) system. Accordingly 86 (50%) of the isolates were identified as C.glabrata, 48 (28%) C.albicans, 17 (10%) C.krusei, 13 (8%) C.tropicalis, 5 (3%) C.parapsilosis, 3 (2%) C.kefyr and 1 (1%) C.utilis. In order to detect the presence of trehalase enzyme in Candida strains, all isolates were grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar containing 4% glucose and then one yeast colony was emulsified in 50 NI of citrate buffer containing 4% (wt/vol) trehalose for 3 h at 37 C. Presence of glucose which emerged after the action of trehalase on trehalose, was detected by a commercial "urinary glucose detection dipstick" (Spinreacta, Spain). All C.glabrata strains yielded positive result by trehalase test. None C.glabrata isolates were found negative by trehalase test except for one strain of C.tropicalis. In this study, the trehalase test allowed identification of C.glabrata with 100% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity. It was concluded that trehalase test is a rapid, cost-effective and simple test that can be used for the accurate identification of C.glabrata

Investigation of the dual cascade algorithm in the diagnosis of antinuclear antibodies

Background: The dual cascade algorithm which involves screening and confirmation of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) by further reflex testing is widely used in the detection of ANAs. We aimed to investigate this algorithm which is commonly used in many laboratories