Why Medical Students Are Crucial to the Future of Research in South Asia

One long-term strategy for promoting health research in developing countries is to target medical students early in their careers

A mini review on food preservatives

Food additives are not recently discovered, humans used food additives from ancient times.These food additives enhance the color and taste of food but also, kill harmful pathogens andkeep food safe for a long time. Ancient people used salting, smoking, jugging and many moretechniques to preserve food but in modern times, lifestyles changed, and people used advancedtechniques like ultra-sonication, vacuum packing, electro plasmolysis, bio preservation,nanotechnology, etc. There are many natural compounds extracted from plants like caffeine,anthocyanin, turmeric, saffron used as food additives. Similarly, many synthetic additives canbe used in food for example ampicillin, benzoic acid, tetrazine and many more. These syntheticadditives are more dangerous as compared to natural additives; therefore, many additives arebanned in the world. These additives are given E codes (European union numbers) and INS(International numbering system of food), but E code is used more commonly and labelled onall food items like chips, biscuit, pharmaceutics, cosmetics etc. In this review, we summarizesome traditional and modern food preservation techniques and give some most commonly usedfood additives with E codes

Concordance of Clinical Examination and Duplex Scan Findings for Prediction of Surgery in Patients Presenting with Varicose Vein

Objective: To assess the concordance of clinical examination and duplex scan findings for prediction of surgery in patients having varicose vein.Methodology: The cross sectional study was conducted in tertiary referral vascular surgery unit, Dublin, Ireland. From January 2015 to December 2016. The study conducted on the patients with varicose veins between 18-50 years who had duplex scan performed over the last two years (n=175) in the hospital. Clinical diagnosis was done by using Clinical-Etiological-Anatomical-Pathophysiology (CEAP) classification. Numerical variables age, duration of symptoms, weight, height and BMI were presented. Categorical variables gender and presence of varicose vein on clinical examination CEAP grade ≥2 and colored duplex ultrasound for the prediction of surgery was presented as concordance.Results: In 95% (n=166) of patient’s surgery was predicted and in remaining surgery was not predicted. 171 (97.7%) were diagnosed with incompetent varicose vein on Duplex Scan while 4 (2.3%) were not. Forty seven percent (n=82) patients had incompetent SFJ, 36% (n=63) had Incompetent SPJ and 11% (n=19) had mixed type of varicose veins when diagnosed on Duplex Ultrasound. The study results showed that in 97.7%(171) patient’s surgery was predicted by Duplex Ultrasound and in remaining surgery was not predicted.Conclusion. There is increase in prediction of surgery for varicose veins with duplex scan modality

Arenes and heteroarenes C-H functionalization under enabling conditions: electrochemistry, photoelectrochemistry & flow technology

C−H bond functionalization generates molecular complexity in single-step transformation. However, the activation of C−H bonds requires expensive metals or stoichiometric amounts of oxidizing/reducing species. In many cases, they often require pre-functionalization of starting molecules. Such pre-activating measures cause waste generation and their separation from the final product is also troublesome. In such a scenario, reactions activating elements generating from renewable energy resources such as electricity and light would be more efficient, green, and cost-effective. Further, incorporation of growing flow technology in chemical transformation processes will accelerate the safer accesses of valuable products. Arenes & heteroarenes are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, natural products, medicinal compounds, and other biologically important molecules. Herein, we discussed enabling tools and technologies used for the recent C−H bonds functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Inclusion Properties with Applications for Certain Subclasses of Analytic Functions

Using convolution and subordination concepts, we define some new subclasses of analytic functions and study their properties including inclusion relations and radius problems. Several applications related to conic domains and certain integral operators are also given. Results obtained in this paper may motivate further research in this dynamic and fascinating field

Factors That Can Help Encourage South Asian Medical Students to Choose a Career in Academic Medicine

<p>Factors That Can Help Encourage South Asian Medical Students to Choose a Career in Academic Medicine</p

Concordance of Clinical Examination and Duplex Scan Findings for Prediction of Surgery in Patients Presenting with Varicose Vein

Objective: To assess the concordance of clinical examination and duplex scan findings for prediction of surgery in patients having varicose vein.Methodology: The cross sectional study was conducted in tertiary referral vascular surgery unit, Dublin, Ireland. From January 2015 to December 2016. The study conducted on the patients with varicose veins between 18-50 years who had duplex scan performed over the last two years (n=175) in the hospital. Clinical diagnosis was done by using Clinical-Etiological-Anatomical-Pathophysiology (CEAP) classification. Numerical variables age, duration of symptoms, weight, height and BMI were presented. Categorical variables gender and presence of varicose vein on clinical examination CEAP grade ≥2 and colored duplex ultrasound for the prediction of surgery was presented as concordance.Results: In 95% (n=166) of patient’s surgery was predicted and in remaining surgery was not predicted. 171 (97.7%) were diagnosed with incompetent varicose vein on Duplex Scan while 4 (2.3%) were not. Forty seven percent (n=82) patients had incompetent SFJ, 36% (n=63) had Incompetent SPJ and 11% (n=19) had mixed type of varicose veins when diagnosed on Duplex Ultrasound. The study results showed that in 97.7%(171) patient’s surgery was predicted by Duplex Ultrasound and in remaining surgery was not predicted.Conclusion. There is increase in prediction of surgery for varicose veins with duplex scan modality