Minimal Structure and Motion Problems for TOA and TDOA Measurements with Collinearity Constraints

Structure from sound can be phrased as the problem of determining the position of a number of microphones and a number of sound sources given only the recorded sounds. In this paper we study minimal structure from sound problems in both TOA (time of arrival) and TDOA (time difference of arrival) settings with collinear constraints on e.g. the microphone positions. Three such minimal cases are analyzed and solved with efficient and numerically stable techniques. An experimental validation of the solvers are performed on both simulated and real data. In the paper we also show how such solvers can be utilized in a RANSAC framework to perform robust matching of sound features and then used as initial estimates in a robust non-linear leastsquares optimization

A Unifying Approach to Minimal Problems in Collinear and Planar TDOA Sensor Network Self-Calibration

This work presents a study of sensor network calibration from time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements for cases when the dimensions spanned by the receivers and the transmitters differ. This could for example be if receivers are restricted to a line or plane or if the transmitting objects are moving linearly in space. Such calibration arises in several applications such as calibration of (acoustic or ultrasound) microphone arrays, and radio antenna networks. We propose a non-iterative algorithm based on recent stratified approaches: (i) rank constraints on modified measurement matrix, (ii) factorization techniques that determine transmitters and receivers up to unknown affine transformation and (iii) determining the affine stratification using remaining non-linear constraints. This results in a unified approach to solve almost all minimal problems. Such algorithms are important components for systems for self-localization. Experiments are shown both for simulated and real data with promising results

On the ease of (dis)believing: The role of accessibility experiences in credibility judgments

Credibility judgments are common and consequential in many applied settings. Although much research has addressed human observers' ability to discriminate true and deceptive statements, less is known about the psychological processes involved in such judgments. Here, it is proposed that the process of mustering evidence for or against credibility is reflected in a feeling-based form (ease-of-retrieval) and that such feelings can be used as a basis for credibility judgments. The results of an experiment show, as predicted, that the perceived ease with which participants could identify clues strongly influenced credibility judgments. Ironically, mustering more clues in support of a truthful account lowered credibility judgments; in contrast, mustering more clues in support of a deceptive account increased credibility judgments. Mediation analyses suggest that this is because participants relied on a feeling-based as opposed to content-based judgment strategy. Practical implications are discussed, and theoretical issues regarding the process of credibility judgment are raised

The effects of drawing on preschoolers' statements about experienced and non-experienced events

Although drawing is frequently used during investigative interviews, few studies have explored the effectiveness of draw-and-talk techniques with very young children. In this article, we examined the effects of drawing on preschoolers' (3-6 years old) reports of self-experienced and non-experienced events. In Study I, we interviewed 83 preschoolers about a staged event. We did not observe any significant statement differences between children asked to draw-and-talk compared to a verbal-only condition. In Study II, we interviewed 25 preschoolers about a nonexperienced event. Twenty-one children initially denied the event. When asked if they could help the interviewer draw a person from the event, 13 (61.9%) children complied with the request and eventually provided several false details. While drawing did not significantly increase the average number of details, exploratory findings indicated that drawing may have helped a subset of children. However, drawing might impair children's accuracy when suggestively interviewed about nonexperienced events.Peer reviewe

Truth or Tale? How Construal Level and Judgment Mode Affect Confidence and Accuracy in Deception Detection

Previous research has indicated that individuals typically perform quite poorly in discerning truths from lies, and that confidence in judged veracity is not predictive of objective accuracy. In this experiment, we investigated the joint influence of construal level and judgment mode on detection accuracy and confidence. Participants (N = 161) watched eight videotaped true and false statements while adopting a high or low level of construal, and received instructions to detect the deceptiveness of the statements either before (online judgments) or after (offline judgments) watching the videos. Contrary to our predictions, construal level and judgment mode did not influence detection accuracy independently or interactively. However, low level participants were less confident when making judgments offline as opposed to online, whereas the confidence of high level participants was unaffected by judgment mode. Implications for deception detection research and practice are discussed

Linguistic concreteness of statements of true and false intentions

Our aim was to examine how people communicate their true and false intentions. Based on construal-level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2010), we predicted that statements of true intentions would be more concretely phrased than statements of false intentions. True intentions refer to more likely future events than false intentions, and they should therefore be mentally represented at a lower level of mental construal. This should be mirrored in more concrete language use. Transcripts of truthful and deceptive statements about intentions from six previous experimental studies (total N = 528) were analyzed using two automated verbal content analysis approaches: a folk-conceptual measure of concreteness (Brysbaert et al., 2014) and linguistic category model scoring (Seih et al., 2017). Contrary to our hypotheses, veracity did not predict statements’ concreteness scores, suggesting that automated verbal analysis of linguistic concreteness is not a viable deception detection technique for intentions

Utvikling av nye fellesmoduler innen sosialarbeiderutdanningene i Midt-Norge og Universitetet i Agder

-I Stortingsmelding nr. 13 (2011-2012) Utdanning for velferd. Samspill i praksis (Samspillsmeldingen) kap. 9.7.1 påpekes spesielt utfordringer innen utdanning til sosialfaglig arbeid og det å få tydeliggjort sosialfaglig felleskompetanse. Det er behov for endring innenfor hver av BSV-utdanningene og i samspillet mellom dem. Det ønskes bredere grunnutdanninger og mer tverrfaglig samarbeid. Det er nødvendig med flere faglige felleselementer og tverrprofesjonell samarbeidslæring, og den sosialfaglige kompetansen må styrkes. Kunnskapsdepartementet bestemte seg for gjennomføring av et nasjonalt SAK-prosjekt som skulle ledes av UHR. I regi av UHR er St.meld. 13 blitt fulgt opp med prosjektet Sosialfaglig kompetanse og BSV-utdanningene. Sosialfagprosjektet skal blant annet bidra til å styrke og videreutvikle de sosialfaglige felleselementene i dagens tre BSV-utdanninger. Dessuten skal prosjektet stimulere til tettere samarbeid mellom utdanningsinstitusjonene og stimulere til samordnet forskningsinnsats i nært samarbeid med yrkesfeltene på tvers av studieprogrammer og utdanningsinstitusjoner

Remodeling of secretory lysosomes during education tunes functional potential in NK cells

Inhibitory signaling during natural killer (NK) cell education translates into increased responsiveness to activation;however, the intracellular mechanism for functional tuning by inhibitory receptors remains unclear. Secretory lysosomes are part of the acidic lysosomal compartment that mediates intracellular signalling in several cell types. Here we show that educated NK cells expressing self-MHC specific inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) accumulate granzyme B in dense-core secretory lysosomes that converge close to the centrosome. This discrete morphological phenotype is independent of transcriptional programs that regulate effector function, metabolism and lysosomal biogenesis. Meanwhile, interference of signaling from acidic Ca2+ stores in primary NK cells reduces target-specific Ca2+-flux, degranulation and cytokine production. Furthermore, inhibition of PI (3,5) P-2 synthesis, or genetic silencing of the PI(3,5) P-2-regulated lysosomal Ca2+-channel TRPML1, leads to increased granzyme B and enhanced functional potential, thereby mimicking the educated state. These results indicate an intrinsic role for lysosomal remodeling in NK cell education

Study of Tau-pair Production in Photon-Photon Collisions at LEP and Limits on the Anomalous Electromagnetic Moments of the Tau Lepton

Tau-pair production in the process e+e- -> e+e-tau+tau- was studied using data collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP2 during the years 1997 - 2000. The corresponding integrated luminosity is 650 pb^{-1}. The values of the cross-section obtained are found to be in agreement with QED predictions. Limits on the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments of the tau lepton are deduced.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. J.