THE EFFECT OF A 6-WEEK INDIVIDUAL ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD BASED PROGRAMME IN A TRADITIONAL ROWING CREW

The purpose of the present study was to analyse a 6-week IAT (individual anaerobic threshold) based work load programme in a subelite rowing crew. 15 male rowers performed a 6-week IAT based work load distributed in 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2 sessions per week. To assess each rower’s IAT training zone, the Stegmann method (22) was used. This training programme was framed in the 6-week precompetitive mesocycle (specific training period). Before and after this training programme the crew was tested in order to analyse the effects of the IAT stimuli programme. These tests were conducted at a starting work load of 100 W and increased by 40 W every 2 min until volitional exhaution. An improvement was found in cardiovascular efficiency and blood lactate concentration ([LA]) buffering capacity during all the work loads in the post-IAT training programme test (100, 140, 180, 220 and 260 W) (p<0.05). After 3 min recovery, significant differences were not observed in [LA] (NS). We conclude that the proposed training programme improves cardiovascular efficiency and [LA] buffering capacities but not the short-term recovery in a subelite traditional rowing crew

Number of Players and Relative Pitch Area per Player: Comparing Their Influence on Heart Rate and Physical Demands in Under-12 and Under-13 Football Players

The aim of the present study is to analyse the influence of different large-sided games (LSGs) on the physical and physiological variables in under-12s (U12) and -13s (U13) soccer players. The effects of the combination of different number of players per team, 7, 9, and 11 (P7, P9, and P11, respectively) with three relative pitch areas, 100, 200, and 300 m(2) (A100, A200, and A300, respectively), were analysed in this study. The variables analysed were: 1) global indicator such as total distance (TD); work:rest ratio (W:R); player-load (PL) and maximal speed (V-max); 2) heart rate (HR) mean and time spent in different intensity zones of HR (90%), and; 3) five absolute (16 Km h(-1)) and three relative speed categories (60% V-max). The results support the theory that a change in format (player number and pitch dimensions) affects no similarly in the two players categories. Although it can seem that U13 players are more demanded in this kind of LSG, when the work load is assessed from a relative point of view, great pitch dimensions and/or high number of player per team are involved in the training task to the U12 players. The results of this study could alert to the coaches to avoid some types of LSGs for the U12 players such as:P11 played in A100, A200 or A300, P9 played in A200 or A300 and P7 played in A300 due to that U13>U12 in several physical and physiological variables (W:R, time spent in 84-90% HRmax, distance in 8-13 and 13-16 Km h(-1) and time spent in 40-60% V-max). These results may help youth soccer coaches to plan the progressive introduction of LSGs so that task demands are adapted to the physiological and physical development of participants.This work was supported by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) project EHU12/14 "Evaluacion del proceso de entrenamiento y la competicion en el futbol de formacion" during the period 2012-14 [Code 13523]

Towards a DNA-vaccine against African swine fever: an ongoing effort

Trabajo presentado en el 6th International Symposium on Emerging and Re-emerging pig Diseases, celebrado en Barcelona (España) del 12 al 15 de julio de 2011

Estudio de la composición, la estructura y los servicios ambientales proporcionados por el arbolado urbano de la ciudad de Sevilla (España)

[ES] El presente Trabajo Final de Máster aborda el análisis de la composición y estructura del arbolado viario y de zonas verdes de la ciudad de Sevilla (España) con el fin de conocer su estado actual, estimar los servicios ambientales que proporciona y sus posibilidades de mejora. Cada vez son más los estudios que afirman que comprender la estructura, las funciones y el valor del arbolado urbano es fundamental para tomar mejores decisiones que repercutan positivamente en la calidad del medio ambiente y en la salud de los ciudadanos. Por ello, las grandes capitales del mundo están invirtiendo numerosos recursos en estudiar su arbolado urbano con el fin de valorarlo y potenciarlo. En el análisis del arbolado urbano de la capital hispalense, se emplean los datos abiertos en formato vectorial procedentes del inventario del Servicio de Parques y Jardines del Ayuntamiento de Sevilla. La caracterización y el tratamiento de dichos datos se lleva a cabo con un sistema de información geográfica (ArcMap 10.8). La gestión de los datos de la población de arbolado se realiza mediante la herramienta estadounidense i-Tree Eco v6 que está diseñada para el análisis de la composición y estructura del bosque urbano, así como para la estimación de sus beneficios ambientales. En este estudio se obtiene una clasificación poblacional del arbolado en la que se determina su composición y estructura, obteniéndose además parámetros poblacionales como son la cobertura, área foliar y dominancia de especies arbóreas. El objetivo central es la estimación de los beneficios ambientales que proporciona el arbolado a través de los servicios ecosistémicos de regulación, de forma que se pueda interpretar una estrategia y un conjunto de propuestas de mejora que maximicen dichos beneficios.[EN] This Master's Final Project addresses the analysis of the composition and structure of the urban street trees and green areas of the city of Seville (Spain) in order to know its current state, estimate the environmental services it provides and its possibilities for improvement. More and more studies affirm that understanding the structure, functions and value of urban trees is essential to make better decisions that have a positive impact on the quality of the environment and the health of citizens. For this reason, the world¿s major capitals are investing numerous resources in studying their urban trees to value and enhance them. In the analysis of the urban trees of Seville, open data in shapefile format from the inventory of the Parks and Gardens Service of the Seville City Council are used. The characterization and processing of these data is performed with a Geographic Information System (ArcMap 10.8). The management of the tree population data is carried out using the American tool i-Tree Eco v6, which is designed for the analysis of the composition and structure of the urban forest, as well as for the estimation of its environmental benefits. This study provides a classification of the tree population in which its composition and structure are determined, also obtaining population parameters such as coverage, leaf area and dominance of tree species. The main objective is to estimate the environmental benefits that trees offer through regulating ecosystem services, so that a strategy and a set of improvement proposals can be developed to optimize their benefits.Arellano Puente, AA. (2021). Estudio de la composición, la estructura y los servicios ambientales proporcionados por el arbolado urbano de la ciudad de Sevilla (España). Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/174001TFG

Construcción en madera de un refugio de montaña en el Parque Natural de la Sierra de Grazalema (Cádiz)

[ES] Se propone para la realización del Trabajo Final de Grado la construcción en madera de un refugio de montaña en el Parque Natural de la Sierra de Grazalema. La actuación se sitúa en el término municipal de Villaluenga del Rosario, en la provincia de Cádiz, a 1304 metros sobre el nivel del mar y cerca de los picos Simancón (1566 m) y Reloj (1545 m). En este lugar, conocido como Los Llanos del Endrinal, se encuentra El Refugio del Reloj, un antiguo refugio de pastores con capacidad para dos personas que se ha venido empleando por los senderistas como refugio de montaña o vivac. Aunque presenta como inconvenientes su pequeño tamaño y sus pocas prestaciones, el lugar donde se asienta supone una gran ventaja para garantizar una enorme cantidad de visitas anuales. La Sierra de Grazalema presenta un alto potencial para el desarrollo de actividades de montaña como el senderismo, la escalada y la espeleología, entre otras muchas. Se trata de un entorno natural único visitado por personas procedentes de todo el mundo que han oído hablar de sus relícticos pinsapares, de sus máximos pluviométricos o de cualquier otra de sus peculiaridades. El Programa de Uso Público del Parque Natural de la Sierra de Grazalema (PUP) expresa que, en la actualidad, existe una creciente demanda de equipamientos públicos que permitan pernoctar en el Parque por parte de los usuarios que realizan actividades de montaña de larga duración. De hecho, una de las acciones remarcadas en el PUP es el establecimiento de una colaboración con la Federación Andaluza de Montaña (FAM) para la habilitación y el mantenimiento de los refugios. Por ello, en este proyecto se propone para dicha zona la construcción en madera de un nuevo refugio de montaña, conservando la antigua edificación de El Refugio del Reloj como instalación complementaria y empleándola como modelo para establecer las características arquitectónicas de la nueva construcción, con el fin de garantizar su integración paisajística. El nuevo refugio contará con una capacidad para albergar a treinta y ocho huéspedes, suministro eléctrico, cocina y aseos. Va a ser construido con madera aserrada de conífera de clase resistente C30 y, tanto la metodología a seguir como los cálculos estructurales, están basados en el Código Técnico de la Edificación Seguridad Estructural Madera y Acciones en la Edificación (CTE SEM y CTE SE-AE). El dimensionado y la verificación del cumplimiento de las condiciones de resistencia de los componentes de la estructura se lleva a cabo mediante la herramienta informática SAP 2000. Se opta por una única planta de 300 m2 de superficie y una cubierta a dos aguas. En este proyecto se abordan los contenidos mínimos exigidos por la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural. En primer lugar, se incluye una memoria que contendrá como anejos los cálculos pertinentes para la construcción de la estructura de madera, la cimentación y la instalación de un generador fotovoltaico y, por último, la realización de un estudio básico de seguridad y salud. Finalmente, se adjuntan los planos, el pliego de condiciones y el presupuesto.[EN] The construction in wood of a mountain refuge in the Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park is proposed for the completion of the Degree Final Project. The action is located in the municipality of Villaluenga del Rosario, in the province of Cádiz, at 1304 meters above sea level and near the Simancón (1566 m) and Reloj (1545 m) peaks. In this place known as Los Llanos del Endrinal is located El Refugio del Reloj, an old refuge with capacity for two people that has been used by hikers as a mountain refuge. Although it presents as drawbacks its small size and its few features, the place where it sits is a great advantage to guarantee a huge number of annual visits. The Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park has a high potential for the development of mountain activities such as hiking, climbing and caving, among many others. It is a unique natural environment visited by people from all over the world who have heard of their pinsapares relicts, their maximum rainfall or any other of its peculiarities. The Public Use Program of the Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park (PUP) states that at present there is a growing demand for public facilities that allow overnight in the Park by users who carry out long-term mountain activities. In fact, one of the actions highlighted in the PUP is the establishment of a collaboration with the Andalusian Mountain Federation (FAM) for the enablement and maintenance of shelters. Therefore, this project proposes for this area the construction in wood of a new mountain shelter preserving the old building of El Reloj as a complementary installation and using it as a model to establish the characteristics architectural elements of the new construction in order to ensure its landscape integration. The new shelter will have capacity to accommodate thirty-eight guests, electricity supply, kitchen and toilets. It will be built with conifer sawn wood of resistant class C30 and both the methodology to follow and the structural calculations are based on the CTE SE-M and CTE SE-AE. Sizing and verifying compliance with the resistance conditions of the components of the structure is carried out using the SAP 2000 tool. The refuge will have a single floor with an area of 300 m2 and a gable roof. In this project the minimum contents required by the Higher Technical School of Agronomic Engineering and the Natural Environment will be addressed. In the first place, a report is included that will contain as annexes the calculations of the wooden structure. Next, the calculations for the foundation and for the renewable energy equipment are provided. Finally, the plans, the specifications and the budget are attached.Arellano Puente, AA. (2019). Construcción en madera de un refugio de montaña en el Parque Natural de la Sierra de Grazalema (Cádiz). http://hdl.handle.net/10251/125007TFG

THE EFFECT OF PATELLAR TAPING ON SOME LANDING CHARACTERISTICS DURING COUNTER MOVEMENT JUMPS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of patellar taping (PT) on landing characteristics of the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and on flight time during a counter movement jump (CMJ). Eleven healthy male subjects (age: 31.1 ± 4.2 years) volunteered for the study. Each subject performed six CMJs under two different jumping conditions: with PT and without PT (WPT). The order of the two conditions was randomized. All of the measured variables had fair-to-good reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient > 0.75). When we compared the PT and WPT groups, we did not find a significant difference in the magnitude of the first (F1) and second (F2) peaks of the VGRF. We also did not find a significant difference in the time to production of these peaks (T1 and T2), and the time to stabilization (TTS) (p < 0. 05). Furthermore, the flight time was similar in the two groups (0.475 ± 0.046 and 0.474 ± 0.056 s, respectively, for PT and WPT). These results suggest that PT does not jeopardize performance during CMJ. Furthermore, it also does not soften the VGRF generated during the landing, indicating that PT may be of limited utility in preventing injuries associated with this type of movement

Distance covered in different absolute speed ranges in relation to the nine large-sided games.

<p>Note: 100, 200, and 300 refer to the relative pitch area (in m²) per player, while 7, 9, and 11 correspond to the number of players per team. *Significant difference between categories p<0.05.</p

Mean and standard deviation (±SD) for the mean heart rate with respect to the individual maximum (%HR_mean) for each of the nine competitive formats.

<p>Note: 100, 200, and 300 represent, respectively, the relative pitch areas of 100 m², 200 m², and 300 m² per player, while 7, 9, and 11 correspond to the number of players per team (7, 9, and 11, respectively). *Significant difference between categories p<0.05.</p

Percentage time spent in each heart rate intensity zone for each of the nine large-sided games.

<p>Note: 100, 200, and 300 refer to the relative pitch area (in m²) per player, while 7, 9, and 11 correspond to the number of players per team. *Significant difference between categories p<0.05.</p