Proposing a national ethical framework for animal research in Iran

Background: One of the domains of scientific activities is working on animals. Performing experiments on animals is permissible only with the purpose of obtaining necessary information for saving and improving life of human beings or animals. Principally, all religions believe that human life is more valuable than animal life and humans have a God-given authority over animals, but they should not be cruel to animals and cause their pain or suffering. Based on Islamic view points, although Allah has put the Man as the lord of all creatures, he has not the right to use other creatures for any conditions and does not respect their real statues. Because of the widespread use of experimental animals in our country, special ethical codes should be redefined for living conditions of experimental animals based on the present regulations in Iran and also other countries. Therefore, all our researchers should have enough information about ethical codes of treating experimental animals as well as Islamic principles in this regard.Methods: All Islamic and international sources related to treating animals and also valid international ethical guidelines were collected and classified in order to extract the aimed points. Then all extracted points were reviewed by experts familiar with Islamic and ethical rules of treating animals.Results: Finally the strategies for appropriate and complete implementation of the national ethical guidelines of animal research in Iran were suggested.Conclusion: It is obvious that the suggested principles are applicable only with appropriate planning of training courses based on the facilities and needs of our country

The Quality and Intensity of Labor Pain based on McGill pain Questionnaire in Parturient Women Admitted in the Maternity Ward of Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman

Abstract: Background & Aims: Fear of labor pain is a principal factor in pregnant women's tendency for cesarean section. This study was done to investigate the factors that affect quality and intensity of labor pain in order to decrease the rate of elective cesarean sections. Method: a prospective randomized study was performed on 208 parturient women in Maternity ward of afzalipour Hospital by using McGill Pain Questionnaire. Results: Mean age of participants was 25.23±5.54 years old. Comparison of intensity and quality of pain between stage I and Stage II of labor showed higher pain intensity in stage II (P<0.0001). Nuliparous women reported higher pain intensity during stage II (P=0.002), whereas multiparous women experienced shorter labor (P<0.0001). In stage II of labor with increase of age, a decrease of labor pain intensity was observed (P<0.001). There were no significant statistical relationships between labor pain and variables of job, education al level, weight of neonate and number of previous pregnancies in multiparous women. Labor pain intensity in women who had prenatal care in obstetrician's clinics was lower than others. Conclusion: Lower intensity of labor pain in women who had prenatal care in obstetrician's clinics emphasizes on the role of obstetricians in recommending vaginal delivery to pregnant women as a physiologic phenomenon. Keywords: Vaginal birth, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Labor Pain, Pain measurement, Kerma

Tubo-ovarian abscess in a virgin girl

Background: Tubo-ovarian abscess as a serious complication of pelvic inflammatory disease is very uncommon in sexually inactive girls. Case: We report a case of tubo-ovarian abscess in a 24-year-old sexually inactive girl with transverse vaginal septum who was presented with abdominal pain and a pelvic mass and without prior surgical history and no evidences of appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, or cancer. A huge unilateral tubo-ovarian abscess was recognized at laparotomy. Unilateral salpingoophorectomy, hysterectomy and postoperative antibiotic therapy cured the patient. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent further sequel including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain which cause morbidity