Challenge of clinical education for critical care nursing students: qualitative content analysis

زمینه و هدف: آموزش بالینی بخش مهمی از آموزش دانشجویان پرستاری بخصوص دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری مراقبت ویژه است. لذا دقت نظر در خصوص آموزش بالینی از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. این مطالعه با هدف تبیین تجارب و چالشهای دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری مراقبت ویژه در خصوص آموزش بالینی طی رویکرد کیفی انجام شده است. روش بررسی: این مطالعه کیفی به روش تحلیل محتوای قراردادی در فاصله فروردین تا شهریور 1392 در دانشکده پرستاری و مامائی تهران انجام شده است. در مجموع 26 مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند از 15نفر دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری مراقبت ویژه که با روش نمونه گیری هدفمند وارد مطالعه شدند، انجام شد. جمع آوری داده ها تا رسیدن به اشباع داده ها ادامه پیدا کرد. مدت مصاحبه ها بین 30 تا 60 دقیقه بود.تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با روش آنالیز محتوای قراردادی انجام شد. یافته ها : از 15 شرکت کننده در مطالعه، 9 نفر زن و 6 نفر مرد بودند. دامنه سنی آنان بین 25 تا 34 سال بود. در مجموع 310کداولیه از متن مصاحبه‌ها استخراج شده که به دلیل تقریب مفهومی دو طبقه اصلی عوامل درونی و عوامل بیرونی شکل گرفت. در طبقه عوامل درونی زیر طبقات عدم هویت حرفه ای، عدم انگیزه و تجربه قبلی، و در طبقه عوامل بیرونی؛ تعاملات حرفه ای، عدم همخوانی آموزش نظزی و بالینی و مربی ناکارامد قرار گرفتند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به یافته های پژوهش، عوامل درونی و بیرونی متعددی در آموزش بالینی دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری مراقبت ویژه لازم است وتوجه به این عوامل درونی وبیرونی منجر به افزایش یادگیری دانشجویان این رشته می شود. توجه به عوامل درونی همچون انگیزه دانشجویان، تجربه قبلی و هویت حرفه ای آنها و همچنین عوامل بیرونی همچون انتخاب مربیان کارامد وشایسته، تعاملات حرفه ای و فراهم اوردن محیط مناسب می تواند در رفع چالشهای آموزشی این دانشجویان کمک کننده باشد

Implementing the Modern Management Systems in TQM Companies and the Surveillance Companies Performance

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the issues associated to the modern management systems in the performance of TQM companies and the surveillance companies. This research also discusses the mediators’ roles existed between the relationship of TQM and surveillance companies. This qualitative research aims at investigating the previous works done completely on the TQM methods in learning and the surveillance companies’ performances. This research anticipates that TQM supports both aspects of learning and surveillance companies’ performances. The further researches should be guided in a way that validates the empirical analysis or change the proposed suggestions of this research

A clinical study of the effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra plant and exercise on the quality of life of menopausal women

BACKGROUND: Most women experience significant changes during and after menopause which causes various complications of menopause and the changes in quality of their life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra plant and exercise on quality of life (QOL) of menopausal women. METHODS: This clinical experiment was performed in Arak, Iran. The study subjects consisted of 120 menopausal women. The participants were selected through convenience method and randomly divided into 4 groups of 30 subjects. Group 1 participants were administered 3 Glycyrrhiza glabra tablets daily. Group 2 participants had a regular exercise program. Group 3 participants were simultaneously administered Glycyrrhiza glabr tablets like group 1 and had an exercise program like group 2. Group 4 received no intervention. The participants’ QOL was investigated before and 1 month after the intervention using the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software using Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests, and variance analysis. RESULTS: No significant difference between the four groups in terms of vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual health, and QOL based on the Kruskal-Wallis test before the intervention. However, a significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual health and QOL after the intervention. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed the efficacy of Glycyrrhiza glabra and exercise programs in controlling the symptoms of menopause. It is recommended that postmenopausal women use exercise programs and Glycyrrhiza glabra to control menopausal symptoms

Effects of cornus mas L. on blood glucose, insulin and histopathology of pancreas in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Cornus mas (cornaceae) is one of the major medicinal plants in Asian countries that cotained high level of anthocyanins with potential to prevent hyperglycemia and obesity. In this study, we investigated antidiabetic effects of cornus mas in compared to glibenclamid as a standard drug on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty two male Wistar rats (190-240 g) were divided into four groups (n = 8): group 1 nondiabetic rats, group 2 alloxan-induced diabetic rats with no treatment, group 3 alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with glibenclamid (0.6 mg/kg body weight) and group 4 alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with cornus mas fruit 2 g daily for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan 120 (mg/kg body weight). Findings: The results indicated that treatment with cornus mas fruit orally significantly reduced blood glucose levels and increased insulin levels in treatment of diabetic rats compared with no treatment diabetic group. Concurrent histological studies of the pancreas demonstrated the same results. On the base of histological results, cornus mas have a significant on increasing the size of pancreatic islets than diabetic groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results showed that cornus mas fruit has antidiabetic effects and can improve pancreas damage caused by free radicals in diabetes. The effects of this fruit can occur due to the presence of anthocyanin and other antioxidant compounds

Effect of anti-inflammatory drug (Piroxicam) on the development of fatty streak and biochemical factors in cholesterol-fed rabbits

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به اینکه هنوز علت اصلی مرگ و میر در اکثر نقاط دنیا بیماریهای قلبی- عروقی است، پیشگیری و درمان این بیماریها با توجه به مکانیسم های جدید ارائه شده قابل توجه است. این پروژه با تکیه بر مکانیسم جدید بیماریهای عروقی مبنی بر یک بیماری التهابی در صدد یافتن ترکیبات خاص در پیشگیری از تشکیل و پیشرفت رگه های چربی (fatty streak) در آترواسکلروز بوده است. روش مطالعه: در یک مطالعه مداخله ای 20 خرگوش نر به مدت 14 هفته مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. خرگوشها بصورت انتخابی در 4 گروه 5 تایی تقسیم شدند و همه این گروهها در ابتدا به مدت2 هفته تحت رژیم پایه قرار گرفتند. سپس، گروه اول تا پایان دوره تحت رژیم استاندارد، گروه دوم علاوه بر رژیم استاندارد، روزانه mg6 پیروکسیکام تزریقی دریافت کردند، گروه سوم تحت رژیم پرکلسترول و گروه چهارم علاوه بر رژیم پرکلسترول روزانه mg6 پیروکسیـــکام تزریقی دریافت کردند. در طـــی این دوره در دو نوبت (بعد از رژیم پایه و در پایـــان دوره) از خرگوشها جهت آزمایشات بیوشیمیـــایی مختلف از جمله کلسترول تام، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته پائین (LDL)، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیتـــه بالا (HDL)، مالون دی آلدئید، قند خون ناشتا (FBS)، CRP (C-Reactive protein) کمی، تری گلیسیرید و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدان خونگیری به عمل آمد. در پایان پس از اتوپسی، نمونه آئورت و کرونرهای راست و چپ مورد بررسی پاتولوژی قرار گرفت. نتایج: رژیم پرکلسترول در مقایسه با رژیم استاندارد باعث ایجاد fatty streakدر عروق کرونر و آئورت شد (0001/0

Comparing the Effects of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium Enriched Mixture on Neuronal Cells Using an Electrophysiological Approach

Introduction: The main goal of this ex vivo study was to assess and compare the cellular and electrophysiological effects of two dental biomaterials, white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) and calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement, on neuronal cell excitability and electrical properties.Materials and Methods: A conventional intracellular current clamp technique was used to study the cellular effects of WMTA and CEM on the excitability, firing and the shape of action potential of neuronal soma membrane of F1 nerve cells. The dental biomaterials were prepared according to the manufacturers' directions and were applied to the bathing media and 0.05 mL of total mixture of each dental material at a distance of 3 mm from the cells.Results: Findings indicated that exposure to both dental biomaterials shifted the irregular high frequency firing type observed in control conditions to a more regular low frequency firing pattern. Neuronal exposure to WMTA, but not CEM, significantly hyperpolarized the cell resting membrane potential. Both treatments significantly influenced the duration and the amplitude of action potentials. Extracellular application of either CEM or WMTA caused a significant increase in the after hyperpolarization (AHP) amplitude and AHP area, but the potentiating effect of WMTA was more effective than CEM.Conclusion: Treatment with WMTA or CEM resulted in a profound alteration in the firing behaviour of F1 cells and changed the AP characteristics. Both dental biomaterials reduced the neuronal activity possibly through enhancement of K+ outward current. This may possibly explain the positive mechanisms of these biomaterials in regenerative endodontics, though further research is needed for such a conclusion

Investigation of Relationship between Personality Traits andConflict Management Styles in Guilan Province Schools Managers

ABSTRACT The current research tries to investigate relationship between managers&apos; personality traits and its dimensions (extroversion andintroversion and emotional stability andneuroticism) with conflict management styles (collaboration, compromise, competition, avoidance and accommodation) in Guilan province schools managers. Statistical population of this research was all managers of all school levels of Guilan province in Iran which was about 1848 people. A sample size of 317 was selected through sampling method explained in chapter 3, which was accidental stratified sampling method. After determining sample size, managers of all school levels were selected by simple accidental method.Research methodology was applied from its objective point of view and data gathering method was descriptive (non -experimental) and it is of field research type .field environment for this researchwas allGuilan province schools .Correlation coefficient which is a mathematical index &amp; is used to determine direction &amp; quantity of relationship between two variables was used in this research. Because data were gathered by means of distance method, therefore distance Pearson correlation coefficient was used

Comparison of the Effect of Three Methods of Education (Inquiry-based, Bedside Education and Routine Approach to Clinical Education) on Critical Care Nursing Students' Clinical Learning

Background & Objective: Regarding the importance of nursing education promotion, there is a need to use methods that have the ability to create knowledge and skills in students. This study aimed to assess the effect of education (inquiry, bedside education and routine approach to clinical education) on critical care nursing students' clinical learning. Methods: This quasi-experimental study performed in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Valiasr hospital in Arak, Iran, during Octobers to March 2014. The subjects were 60 nursing students who were selected via census method and randomly were divided into three groups of 20 subjects. After the administration of pretest, students in the control group were educated using common method; in one of the experimental groups, the inquiry-based method and the other group, bedside method were used for education for 10 days. Then, the three groups completed the questionnaires at the end of education again (posttest). Finally, data were analyzed using ANOVA, paired-t and independent-t tests. Results: The mean total score of the clinical skills and cognitive domain was significantly difference among the three groups after the intervention (F = 136.75, degree of freedom = 2, P = 0.0001). After testing the homogeneity hypothesis of variances and using Games-Howell post-hoc tests, the total scores of training in bedside and inquiry-based education were significantly more than the routine training after the intervention (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: It seems that two methods inquiry-based and bedside education enhanced clinical skills of students. Therefore, it is recommended to use these two methods of clinical educating to enhance students’ clinical learning. Key Words: Inquiry-based education, Bedside education, Routine approach to clinical education, Nursing student

Iran supports a great share of biodiversity and floristic endemism for Fritillaria spp. (Liliaceae): A review.

Iran supports a great share of exotic and/or endemic plant genera and species. The genus Fritillaria (Liliaceae) is a precious part of this botanical richness with 19 species, of which 10 are endemic to the country. However, signs are mounting that the country is truly at a crossroads when it comes to preservation of this national wealth. In this regard, an effective conservation strategy should thoroughly consider the classification of Fritillaria, as conservation practices are compromised by knowledge gaps in systematics and taxonomy. As published studies on Fritillaria in Iran have been sporadic and limited in scope, the aim of this review is to provide information necessary to help bridge these information gaps. Our objective is to facilitate increased understanding of the geographic, taxonomic, cytogenetic and phylogenetic status of Iranian Fritillaria, which is vital to meeting the goal of sustainable conservation of the genus in Iran and neighboring areas