La proprietà ecclesiastica dal III secolo d. C.

If it is true that Christianity, at least at the beginning of the First Century, is constituted as a phenomenon with sparse relevance for sorting roman, it is equally true that the early Christians had to find, inevitably, common places where gather. The debate over the ownership of Church property is very lively in doctrine, particularly that related to real estate. The real property of the Church, infact, has always paid serious problems of recognition of it from the legal standpoint Roman. The prevailing doctrine believes that it arises during the Second Century but which, however, in order to stabilize the Roman only in the course of the Third Century, thanks to the general atmosphere of goodwill towards Christianity, started with the empire of Constantine. In particular, it will be with the edict of Constantine and Licinius that the Church not only will be considered owning a fund or a certain building, but, finally, will be recognized by the apparatus as imperial legal entity holds assets

User Needs in the Development of a Health App Ecosystem for Self-Management of Cystic Fibrosis: User-Centered Development Approach

Background: Digital self-management in cystic fibrosis (CF) is foreseen as a means toward better understanding of the disease and its treatment and better adherence to the treatment. Mobile apps hold the potential to provide access to information, motivate, and strengthen compliance. However, to deliver high-quality apps, the development should be based on thorough knowledge about user needs. Empirical research on the user-centered development of mobile apps for health care is, however, still limited. Objective: The aim of this research is to develop and evaluate an app ecosystem for self-management in CF. It targets not only those directly affected by CF but also parents and health care professionals involved in the treatment. This paper covers the first step of the design process that aims to analyze the context and the user requirements. The primary research question is as follows: what digital support has the potential to usefully support persons with CF and their caregivers in the CF care? To answer this question, we address two preliminary questions: what important factors in everyday life affect the care of persons with CF? and how is the CF care delivered today and what are the limitations of CF care services? Methods: The overall research adopts a user-centered design approach in which future users are involved in the development process from the very beginning to ensure that the apps developed best suit the potential users. The research presented in the paper follows an interpretative case study research strategy seeking to understand the concerns and needs of persons with CF and their caregivers. Data were collected through semistructured qualitative interviews involving 74 participants in seven European countries and from internet forums. Results: The results of the analysis phase show a strong need for individuality of the digital support, as well as for its adaptability to different contexts. The paper presents the concerns and needs of the participants in the study and extracts a set of relevant features for a self-management app ecosystem. Education, enzyme dosage calculation, nutrition management, treatment organization, health diary, treatment follow-up, practical guidelines for treatment, communication with doctors, and communication with peers are foreseen as useful features. Conclusions: The results indicate the readiness for self-management in the CF care even in countries that provide well-functioning health care services for CF care. The large diversity of user requirements identified reflects the crucial role user integration plays in developing apps for a chronic condition such as CF. The need for personalization stemming from the individuality of the patients and the need for communication with health care professionals support the idea of an app ecosystem for the self-management of CF.User Needs in the Development of a Health App Ecosystem for Self-Management of Cystic Fibrosis: User-Centered Development ApproachpublishedVersio

A mobile phone intervention to improve obesity-related health behaviors of adolescents across Europe: An iterative co-design and feasibility study

Background:Promotion of physical activity, healthy eating, adequate sleep and reduced sedentary behavior in adolescents is a major priority globally given the current increase in population health challenges of non-communicable diseases and risk factors such as obesity. Adolescents are highly engaged with mobile technology, but the challenge is to engage them with mHealth technology. Recent innovations in mobile technology provide opportunities to promote a healthy lifestyle in adolescents. An increasingly utilized approach to facilitate increased engagement with mHealth technology is to involve potential users in the creation of the technology.Objective:To describe the process of and findings from co-designing and prototyping components of the PEGASO Fit for Future mHealth intervention for adolescents from different cultural backgrounds.Methods:Seventy-four adolescents aged 13-16 years from Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom participated in the co-design of the PEGASO Fit for Future technology. In three iterative cycles over 12 months, participants were involved in the co-design, refinement and feasibility testing of a system consisting of diverse mobile applications with a variety of functions and facilities to encourage healthy weight promoting behaviors. In the first iteration, participants attended a single workshop session and were presented with mock-ups or early-version prototypes of different apps for user requirements assessment and review. During the second iteration, prototypes of all apps were tested by participants for one week at home or school. In the third iteration, further developed prototypes were tested for two weeks. Participants’ use experience feedback and development ideas were collected from focus groups and completion of questionnaires.Results:For the PEGASO Fit for Future technology to be motivating and engaging, participants suggested that it should (i) allow personalization of the interface, (ii) have age-appropriate and easy to understand language (of icons, labels, instructions, notifications), (iii) provide easily accessible tutorials on how to use the app or navigate through a game, (iv) present a clear purpose and end goal, (v) have an appealing and self-explanatory reward systems, (vi) offer variation in gamified activities within apps and the serious game, and (vii) allow to seek peer-support and connect with peers for competitive activities within the technology.Conclusions:Incorporating adolescents’ preferences, the PEGASO Fit for Future technology combines the functions of a self-monitoring, entertainment, advisory, and social support tool. This was the first study demonstrating that it is possible to develop a complex smartphone-based technological system applying the principles of co-design to mHealth technology with adolescents across three countries. Findings of this study informed the development of an mHealth system for healthy weight promotion to be tested in a controlled multi-national pilot trial

Emotions in Serious Games: From Experience to Assessment

Serious Games represent a global revolution that promises to develop intuitive, affordable, accessible and familiar learning environments for a wide range of educational and training applications. Serious Games are computer or video games in which education is the primary goal, rather than entertainment. Serious Games offer different benefits due to the integration of simulation aspects, game aspects and pedagogical elements at the same time. Among the different assets that Serious Games provide for learning, we will focus in this paper on their ability to leverage the synergy between emotional and learning appropriation processes. We will first outline the specific features of learning opportunities offered by Serious Games considering the involvement of emotions in this learning process. The following part of the paper will be dedicated to the description of the methods for the analysis of the emotional experience of SG users. Finally, we will explore a new promising research direction concerning the use of Affective Computing in Serious Games

A game-based solution for in-home rehabilitation

none7siThis paper presents initial concepts from the REHAB@HOME project investigating the patient-centered design of game environments aimed to raising patients’ motivation and compliance with motor-cognitive rehabilitation programs. During the initial phase of the project a patient’s client was developed to deploy five rehabilitation games through main gaming platforms and interaction devices (Kinect, LeapMotion, Sifteo Cubes). Also, a professional client was designed to enable clinicians the remote monitoring of patients’ progress in home settings. We discuss main features developed for both clients that can inform the future realization of game-based solutions for upper body rehabilitation programs.Gabrielli, S.; Maimone, R.; Costa, C.; Ascolese, A.; Jonsdottir, J.; Klein, W.; Bendersky, G.Gabrielli, S.; Maimone, R.; Costa, C.; Ascolese, A.; Jonsdottir, J.; Klein, W.; Bendersky, G

PEGASO companion ::a mobile app to promote healthy lifestyles among adolescents

Promoting healthy lifestyles can be a successful weapon in counter-fighting the epidemics of overweight and obesity. The PEGASO project aims at encouraging adolescents to become co-creators of their own health. In particular, it aims at creating an ecosystem where adolescents are motivated and supported in adopting healthy lifestyles. In this ecosystem, the PEGASO Companion, a smartphone app, plays the role of universal access to healthy services and providing personalised mechanisms to support behaviour change