26 research outputs found
Method Development And Applications To Screening And Characterization Of Rrna-Targeting Small Molecules
A series of single ring aminoglycoside analogues was tested for binding to a model RNA representing the A site using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Several of the synthetic analogues with low molecular weights were found to bind to the RNA with affinities comparable to the parental aminoglycoside neamine, with apparent dissociation constants in the low micromolar range. Salt dependence of the affinity constants for the single ring analogues revealed a predominantly electrostatic binding mode. Footprinting experiments revealed that one of the compounds (DHR23) has a similar binding site as the antibiotic paromomycin. DMS chemical probing results also suggest that the binding of DHR23 to the A site leads to stabilization of the stacked-in conformation of A1492 and A1493.
To aid in the ligand identification process, a modified FID assay for screening RNA-binding ligands was established using 3-methyl-2-((1-(3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-4-quinolinylidene)methyl)benzothiazolium (TO-PRO) as the fluorescent indicator. ESI-MS results provide direct evidence that correlates the reduction in fluorescence intensity observed in the FID assay with displacement of the dye molecule from RNA. The assay was successfully applied to screen a variety of RNA-binding ligands with a set of small hairpin RNAs. Ligands that bind with moderate affinity to the chosen RNA constructs were identified.
Furthermore, the specificity of one compound, DHR23 as well as a range of other ligands were tested for binding to a set of RNA models, as well as the modified and unmodified decoding region RNA constructs. The results show that DHR23 has preferred binding to structured RNA as compared to ssRNA, as well as a modest preference for the A-site RNA. Also our results indicate that modified nucleotides at or near the ligand-binding pocket may affect binding affinity of small molecules.
In summary, the results from this work have shown that generation of compounds based on these simplified structures in combination with FID screening may lead to selective reagents for RNA internal bulges, loops, mismatches, or other unique secondary structure elements
Assessment of fetal wastage in pigs slaughtered at Kumasi abattoir, Ghana
There had been dearth of information on the level of fetal wastages in slaughtered pigs in West African countries other than Nigeria. This study evaluates the fetal losses due to slaughtering of pregnant pigs at the Kumasi abattoir in Kumasi, Ghana. The ages of the fetuses were estimated using standard technique with the influence of sex, age and breed of pig on fetal loss being evaluated. Data were subjected to descriptive and quantitative analysis. 2817 pigs were slaughtered during the period of the study with a monthly average of 563.1739(61.73%) were sows and 430(29.27%) were pregnant. 141(28.20%) sows were slaughtered in January, constituting the highest throughout the period of the study with corresponding fetal loss of 616(76.60%). Most of the fetuses wasted in this study were recorded in the second and third trimester (83.51%). The percentage of fetal wastage (the total number of fetuses wasted divided by the total number of pigs slaughtered) was 2117(75%) in this study. The results revealed high incidence of fetal losses at the Kumasi abattoir. There is need to advocate for routine veterinary checks and interventions in order to reduce the high level of fetal wastage which call for strategic planning and decision-making on animal food security in Ghana.Keywords: Abattoir, Fetal wastage, Slaughtered pigs, Ghan
Bio-orthogonal Fluorescent Labelling of Biopolymers through Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels–Alder Reactions
Bio-ort
hogona
llabellin
gschemes
based
on inverse-elec
tron-
deman
dDiels–Ald
er (IEDDA)
cycloa
ddition
have
attracted
much
attention
in chem
ical biology
recently
.The appeal
ing
features
of this reactio
n, such
as the fast reactio
nkinetics,
fully
bio-ort
hogonal
nature
and high
selectiv
ity,have helped
chem
i-
cal biologists
gain
deeper
understandi
ng of biochemic
al pro-
cesses
at the molecular
level.Listing
the compo
nents
and dis-
cussing
the possib
ilities
andlimitations
of thesereagent
s, we
provid
earecent
snapshot
of the field
of IEDDA
-based
biomo-
lecular
manipulatio
nwith special
focus
on fluores
cent
modula-
tion
approaches
throug
hthe use of bio-orthogon
alized
build-
ing blocks.
At the end,
we discuss
challenges
that
need
to be
addres
sed
for further
develop
ments
in order
to overcome
recent
limita
tions
and to enabl
eresearchers
to answer
biomo
-
lecular
quest
ions in more
detail
Protected N-Acetyl Muramic Acid Probes Improve Bacterial Peptidoglycan Incorporation via Metabolic Labeling
Metabolic glycan probes have emerged as an excellent tool to investigate vital questions in biology. Recently, methodology to incorporate metabolic bacterial glycan probes into the cell wall of a variety of bacterial species has been developed. In order to improve this method, a scalable synthesis of the peptidoglycan precursors is developed here, allowing for access to essential peptidoglycan immunological fragments and cell wall building blocks. The question was asked if masking polar groups of the glycan probe would increase overall incorporation, a common strategy exploited in mammalian glycobiology. Here, we show, through cellular assays, that E. coli do not utilize peracetylated peptidoglycan substrates but do employ methyl esters. The 10-fold improvement of probe utilization indicates that (i) masking the carboxylic acid is favorable for transport and (ii) bacterial esterases are capable of removing the methyl ester for use in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. This investigation advances bacterial cell wall biology, offering a prescription on how to best deliver and utilize bacterial metabolic glycan probes.Fil: Brown, Ashley R.. University of Delaware; Estados UnidosFil: Wodzanowski, Kimberly A.. University of Delaware; Estados UnidosFil: Santiago, Cintia Cecilia. University of Delaware; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hyland, Stephen N.. University of Delaware; Estados UnidosFil: Follmar, Julianna L.. University of Delaware; Estados UnidosFil: Asare Okai, Papanii. University of Delaware; Estados UnidosFil: Grimes, Catherine Leimkuhler. University of Delaware; Estados Unido
Cu(II)-Based Paramagnetic Probe to Study RNA–Protein Interactions by NMR
Paramagnetic NMR techniques allow
for studying three-dimensional structures of RNA–protein complexes.
In particular, paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) data can
provide valuable information about long-range distances between different
structural components. For PRE NMR experiments, oligonucleotides are
typically spin-labeled using nitroxide reagents. The current work
describes an alternative approach involving a CuÂ(II) cyclen-based
probe that can be covalently attached to an RNA strand in the vicinity
of the protein’s binding site using “click” chemistry.
The approach has been applied to study binding of HIV-1 nucleocapsid
protein 7 (NCp7) to a model RNA pentanucleotide, 5′-ACGCU-3′.
Coordination of the paramagnetic metal to glutamic acid residue of
NCp7 reduced flexibility of the probe, thus simplifying interpretation
of the PRE data. NMR experiments showed attenuation of signal intensities
from protein residues localized in proximity to the paramagnetic probe
as the result of RNA–protein interactions. The extent of the
attenuation was related to the probe’s proximity allowing us
to construct the protein’s contact surface map