Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 – Pathophysiological Role and Clinical Significance as a Cardiovascular Biomarker

Within the last decade, a broad range of biomarkers associated with an increased risk for death and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular endpoints have been identified. Epidemiological studies clearly indicate that lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) has the potential to become clinically useful emerging biomarker in the true sense, linking plaque biology with cardiovascular/cerebrovascular event rate. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 is a specific vascular inflammatory marker, a risk factor, a prognostic biomarker, and also a therapeutic target. This chapter will summarize our current knowledge on Lp-PLA2 with emphasis on its potential pathophysiological mechanisms of action and on clinical relevance as cardiovascular/cerebrovascular biomarker. This chapter gives comprehensive, systematic review of studies assessing the significance of Lp-PLA2 in cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases with emphasis on clinical benefit of pharmacologic inhibition of Lp-PLA2

La retroalimentación correctiva entre pares en un intercambio etándem español-inglés a través de una wiki

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Formación de Profesorado y Educación. Fecha de lectura: 21 de enero de 201

Maternal education, health profession and cigarette smoking are decisive factors for self-medication in children by parents

Self-medication of children by their parents (SMCP) is an important public health issue as the effects and potential risks may be unpredictable. The objective of this first national Montenegrin study was to assess the prevalence of and factors influencing SMCP among schoolchildren. Data were obtained from a national representative sample of 4496 schoolchildren aged 7–13 years (50.4 % boys). Parents/caregivers completed a questionnaire concerning their demographic characteristics, socio-economic and cultural status, as well as the self-medication (SM) of their children. The association between SMCP and parents\u27 socio-economic, demographic or cultural status was assessed by logistic regression analyses. The prevalence rate of SMCP was 24.6 %. Univariate logistic regression showed that maternal socio-demographic characteristics (educational level, employment status, health care profession and smoking habits) were relevant for SMCP. In a multiple logistic regression the independent effect /adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95 % CI)/ of maternal factors on SMCP remained for: education /2.23 (1.18–4.24)/, university-level vs. no education; profession /1.50 (1.07–3.00)/, health profession vs. non-health profession; and smoking habit /1.22 (1.04–1.42)/smokers vs. non-smokers. SMCP may be expected for every fourth child in Montenegro. Specific maternal factors that independently raise the probability of SMCP are higher education, health profession and smoking

Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Numerous published papers are investigating the utility of biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) diagnosis, treatment, and outcome prediction. This chapter will summarize our current knowledge about biomarkers associated with alveolar epithelial cell damage and dysfunction (Krebs von den Lungen, surfactant proteins, the mucin MUC5B, CA 15-3, CA 125, CA 19-9, defensins, Clara cell protein (CC16), telomere shortening), biomarkers associated with fibrogenesis, fibroproliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling (MMPs and their inhibitors, osteopontin, periostin, insulin-like growth factors, fibulin-1, heat shock protein 47, lysyl oxidase-like 2, circulating fibroblasts, extracellular matrix neoepitopes) and biomarkers related to immune dysfunction and inflammation (C-C chemokine ligand-18, C-C chemokine 2, YKL-40, C-X-C motif chemokine 13, S100A4, S100A8/9, S100A12, autoantibodies to heat shock protein 72, toll-like receptor 3, soluble receptor for advanced glycosylated end products, endothelial damage (vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin 8, endothelin 1). The future directions in incorporating IPF biomarkers into clinical practice will be reviewed

Utilization of hydrochlorate D - (6-3H) glucosamine in the process for purifying and separating the bovine Para-influenza 3 virus glycoproteic sub-units

L 'hydrochlorure de D - (6-3H) glucosamine a été utilisé comme marqueur pour purifier et séparer les sous-unités glucoprotéiques du virus Para- influenzae 3 bovin (PI3). Les résultats obtenus, en particulier avec le poly-éthylène-glycol 6 000 pour la concentration, ont été parfaitement démons tratifs. Une expérimentation sur la mise au point d’un vaccin est possible.Hydrochlorate D - (6-3H) glucosamine was used as mark-product for purifying and separating the bovine Para-influenza 3 virus glycoproteic sub-units. The results obtained, particularly with poly-ethylen-glycol 6 000 for concentration, were perfectly demonstrative. Experiment for vaccine assay is possible

Antimicrobial activity and DNA/BSA binding study of new silver(I) complexes with 1,8-naphthyridine

Silver(I) compounds are well known for their pharmacological applications as antibiotics and have been also evaluated as potential anticancer agents. The use of simple silver(I) salts, such as AgNO3, as an antimicrobial agent, has been limited due to the formation of AgCl precipitate under the physiological conditions, preventing a major part of Ag(I) ions to reach the infected site. On the other hand, a slow and maintainable release of Ag(I) ion into the infected cell or tissue could be achieved by its administration in the form of complexes. Among different classes of ligands used for the synthesis of biologically active silver(I) complexes, a special attention was devoted to the aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Considering this, in the present study, we have synthesized two new silver(I) complexes with 1,8-naphthyridine (1,8-naph), polynuclear [Ag(CF3SO3)(1,8-naph)]n (Ag1) and dinuclear [Ag(1,8-naph)(H2O)]2(PF6)2 (Ag2), and evaluated their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as Candida spp. The obtained results revealed that these silver(I) complexes showed significant activity toward the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Candida spp. The values of binding constants of Ag1 and Ag2 to BSA are high enough to indicate their interaction to this biomolecule, but not so strong to prevent their release upon arrival to the target site. The partition coefficient (logP) values for Ag1 and Ag2 are -0.14 and 0.37, respectively, what is in accordance with those for pharmacophores in the Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry database. Тhe investigated silver(I) complexes inside the cell could interact with DNA through the non-intercalative (electrostatic) mode.6th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry session General: Presentation