The effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on the reduction of IBD complications, a periodic review during 2009–2020

Aims: To perform a systematic review on randomized controlled trials to examine the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in the treatment of IBD. Methods and Results: PubMed, Web of science, Scopus and Google Scholar were systematically searched from January 2009 to January 2020 using the following keywords: ‘Inflammatory Bowel Disease’, ‘Probiotics’ and ‘Clinical trial’. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24.0. A total of 1832 articles were found during the initial search and 21 clinical trials were eligible. Studies comparing the effects of probiotics and placebo among patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) showed a significant difference in clinical outcomes. Moreover, probiotics improved the overall induction of remission rates among patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Probiotics significantly decreased the IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 levels. Also, the need for systemic steroids, hospitalization, surgery, as well as histological score and disease activity index significantly decreased in patients who used probiotic or pro-/synbiotics. Conclusions: The use of probiotics, as food supplements, can induce anti-inflammatory reactions, balance the intestinal homeostasis and induce remission in IBD. The efficacy of probiotics on remission induction is more reported in UC rather than CD. Larger well-designed clinical trials are needed to further determine whether probiotics are of clear benefits for remission in IBD. © 2020 The Society for Applied Microbiolog

The effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on the reduction of IBD complications, a periodic review during 2009�2020

Aims: To perform a systematic review on randomized controlled trials to examine the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in the treatment of IBD. Methods and Results: PubMed, Web of science, Scopus and Google Scholar were systematically searched from January 2009 to January 2020 using the following keywords: �Inflammatory Bowel Disease�, �Probiotics� and �Clinical trial�. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24.0. A total of 1832 articles were found during the initial search and 21 clinical trials were eligible. Studies comparing the effects of probiotics and placebo among patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) showed a significant difference in clinical outcomes. Moreover, probiotics improved the overall induction of remission rates among patients with Crohn�s disease (CD). Probiotics significantly decreased the IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 levels. Also, the need for systemic steroids, hospitalization, surgery, as well as histological score and disease activity index significantly decreased in patients who used probiotic or pro-/synbiotics. Conclusions: The use of probiotics, as food supplements, can induce anti-inflammatory reactions, balance the intestinal homeostasis and induce remission in IBD. The efficacy of probiotics on remission induction is more reported in UC rather than CD. Larger well-designed clinical trials are needed to further determine whether probiotics are of clear benefits for remission in IBD. © 2020 The Society for Applied Microbiolog

Echinococcosis/Hydatidosis in Ilam Province, Western Iran

Background: Hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease of global prevalence. It causes considerable health problems and economic losses throughout the world, including Iran. The objective of this study was to assess the current status of echinococcosis/hydatidosis in the province of Ilam (western Iran). Methods: From April to September 2011, 65 stray dogs were collected from urban and rural areas of Ilam City. Parasites were isolated from the dogs and stained with carmine. A taxonomic study was carried out by measuring different parts of helminths. Meat inspection documents from slaughterhouses in Ilam were used to assess the prevalence of hydatidosis during a 3-year period in sheep, cattle, and goats. ELISA test was used to detect the presence of antibodies to hydatidosis in human sera. Clinical records from 2000 to 2010 of either treated or diagnosed patients from public hospitals of this province were reviewed. Results: The prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infection in stray dogs was 9. A total of 81,726 animals were assessed for hydatidosis; 2.94 (2403 cases) had liver hydatidosis and 2.34 (1918 cases) had lung hydatidosis. Within a 10-year period, 140 patients (91 females and 49 males) were treated for hydatidosis. Of 1200 human sera, 2.25 (27 patients) were seropositive for hydatidosis. Conclusion: Hydatidosis is endemic in Ilam Province especially in rural area. The health and economic losses caused by the disease are significant; thus, our efforts need to be focused on the control of this disease

Effects of Meperidine on Pain Intensity and Accuracy of Clinical Diagnosis in Patients with Acute Abdominal Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of Meperidine (Pethedine(R)) on pain intensity, clinical findings, final diagnosis and management of patients with acute abdominal pain. METHODS: This was a randomized clinical trial including 100 patients, with lower abdominal pain lasting for less than 48 hours who were referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini hospital affiliated with Ilam University of Medical Sciences, over a period of 11 months. Hemodynamically unstable patients were not included in the study. The baseline pain severity was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients were randomly assigned to receive 25 mg of intramuscular Meperidine (Pethedine(R)) (n=50) or 5 mL of intravenous normal saline as placebo intravenously (n=50). After 1-hour the patients were then re-examined and the pain severity was re-assessed and the clinical diagnosis was recorded. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between two study groups regarding the baseline characteristics. The mean pain score on arrival was comparable between groups (6.80 +/- 1.6 vs. 6.81 +/- 1.2; p=0.956). The abdominal tenderness was not affected in Meperidine group. Rebound tenderness disappeared in 4 of the Meperidine group and in 2 of the placebo group. Nausea was decreased in 14 of the Meperidine group and 32 of the placebo group. Changes in the clinical pattern and diagnostic peritoneal signs in patients were negligible and did not significantly interfere with the diagnosis (p=0.133). Diagnostic accuracy was 96 in the Meperidine group and 98 in placebo group, which was not significantly different (p=0.554). CONCLUSION: Administration of Meperidine reduces pain intensity in patients with acute abdominal pain without interference with the clinical diagnosis. Thus analgesics could be safely administered to the patients with acute abdominal pain for increasing the patients comfort

The effects of probiotics on reducing the colorectal cancer surgery complications: A periodic review during 2007�2017

Background & aims: To assess the effects of pro-/synbiotic treatment on patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), a systematic review was conducted on randomized controlled trials. Methods: International databanks (ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched from January 2007 to December 2017 using the following keywords: �colorectal cancer� and �probiotics�. The search was restricted to original articles published in English. Reference lists of all related studies were also reviewed to find other relevant publications. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18.0 (IBM, NY, USA). Also, p < .05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: A total of 21 clinical trials were retrieved, involving 1831 patients subjected to elective colorectal surgery. The studies included in this review have investigated the effects of probiotics on different aspects of colorectal cancer treatment (p < .05). According to the present study results, probiotics could significantly decrease inflammatory factors, chemotherapy side effects, severe diarrhea, postoperative infectious complications, and duration of antibiotic therapy; shift fecal microbiota in favor of Actinobacteria; and change the tumor tissue microbiota (p < .05). Conclusion: Based on the present review, the preoperative use of pro-/synbiotics as prophylaxis for patients with CRC could improve clinical outcomes. More detailed data about the types of probiotic species and the optimal consumption dose of pro-/synbiotics should be taken in to account in future meta-analysis reviews. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolis

The effects of probiotics on reducing the colorectal cancer surgery complications: A periodic review during 2007–2017

Background & aims: To assess the effects of pro-/synbiotic treatment on patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), a systematic review was conducted on randomized controlled trials. Methods: International databanks (ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched from January 2007 to December 2017 using the following keywords: ‘colorectal cancer’ and ‘probiotics’. The search was restricted to original articles published in English. Reference lists of all related studies were also reviewed to find other relevant publications. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18.0 (IBM, NY, USA). Also, p < .05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: A total of 21 clinical trials were retrieved, involving 1831 patients subjected to elective colorectal surgery. The studies included in this review have investigated the effects of probiotics on different aspects of colorectal cancer treatment (p < .05). According to the present study results, probiotics could significantly decrease inflammatory factors, chemotherapy side effects, severe diarrhea, postoperative infectious complications, and duration of antibiotic therapy; shift fecal microbiota in favor of Actinobacteria; and change the tumor tissue microbiota (p < .05). Conclusion: Based on the present review, the preoperative use of pro-/synbiotics as prophylaxis for patients with CRC could improve clinical outcomes. More detailed data about the types of probiotic species and the optimal consumption dose of pro-/synbiotics should be taken in to account in future meta-analysis reviews. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolis